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PubMed1998

Influence of Aloe vera on the glycosaminoglycans in the matrix of healing dermal wounds in rats.

The influence of Aloe vera (L.) Burman f. on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components of the matrix in a healing wound was studied. Wound healing is a dynamic and complex sequence of events of which the major one is the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The early stage of wound healing is characterized by the laying down of a provisional matrix, which is then followed by the formation of granulation tissue and synthesis of collagen and elastin. The provisional matrix or the ground substance consists of GAGs and proteoglycans (PGs), which are protein GAG conjugates. In the present work, we have studied the influence of Aloe vera on the content of GAG and its types in the granulation tissue of healing wounds. We have also reported the levels of a few enzymes involved in matrix metabolism. The amount of ground substance synthesized was found to be higher in the treated wounds, and in particular, hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulphate levels were increased. The levels of the reported glycohydrolases were elevated on treatment with Aloe vera, indicating increased turnover of the matrix. Both topical and oral treatments with Aloe vera were found to have a positive influence on the synthesis of GAGs and thereby beneficially modulate wound healing.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1998

Influence of aloe vera on the healing of dermal wounds in diabetic rats.

The positive influence of Aloe vera, a tropical cactus, on the healing of full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats is reported. Full-thickness excision/incision wounds were created on the back of rats, and treated either by topical application on the wound surface or by oral administration of the Aloe vera gel to the rat. Wound granulation tissues were removed on various days and the collagen, hexosamine, total protein and DNA contents were determined, in addition to the rates of wound contraction and period of epithelialization. Measurements of tensile strength were made on treated/untreated incision wounds. The results indicated that Aloe vera treatment of wounds in diabetic rats may enhance the process of wound healing by influencing phases such as inflammation, fibroplasia, collagen synthesis and maturation, and wound contraction. These effects may be due to the reported hypoglycemic effects of the aloe gel.

Aloe↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of Aloeride, a new high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Aloe vera with potent immunostimulatory activity.

We have characterized a new immunostimulatory polysaccharide called Aloeride from commercial aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) juice. Aloeride is between 4 and 7 million Da, and its glycosyl components include glucose (37.2%), galactose (23.9%), mannose (19.5%), and arabinose (10.3%). At 0.5 microg/mL Aloeride increased NF-kappa B directed luciferase expression in THP-1 human monocytic cells to levels 50% of those achieved by maximal concentrations (10 microg/mL) of LPS. Aloeride induced the expression of the mRNAs encoding IL-1beta and TNF-alpha to levels equal to those observed in cells maximally activated by LPS. Acemannan, the major carbohydrate component from aloe, used at 200 microg/mL in the macrophage assay resulted in negligible NF-kappa B activation. Analysis of acemannan and Aloeride using size-exclusion chromatography suggests that the low activity of acemannan is due to trace amounts of Aloeride. Although Aloeride comprises only 0.015% of the aloe juice dry weight, its potency for macrophage activation accounts fully for the activity of the crude juice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of topical Aloe vera extract 0.5% in a hydrophilic cream to cure patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Sixty patients (36M/24F) aged 18-50 years (mean 25.6) with slight to moderate chronic plaque-type psoriasis and PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) scores between 4.8 and 16.7 (mean 9.3) were enrolled and randomized to two parallel groups. The mean duration of the disease prior to enrollment was 8.5 years (range 1-21). Patients were provided with a precoded 100g tube, placebo or active (with 0.5% Aloe vera extract), and they self-administered trial medication topically (without occlusion) at home 3 times daily for 5 consecutive days per week (maximum 4 weeks active treatment). Patients were examined on a weekly basis and those showing a progressive reduction of lesions, desquamation followed by decreased erythema, infiltration and lowered PASI score were considered healed. The study was scheduled for 16 weeks with 12 months of follow-up on a monthly basis. The treatment was well tolerated by all the patients, with no adverse drug-related symptoms and no dropouts. By the end of the study, the Aloe vera extract cream had cured 25/30 patients (83.3%) compared to the placebo cure rate of 2/30 (6.6%) (P < 0.001) resulting in significant clearing of the psoriatic plaques (328/396 (82.8%) vs placebo 28/366 (7.7%), P < 0.001) and a decreased PASI score to a mean of 2.2. The findings of this study suggest that topically applied Aloe vera extract 0.5% in a hydrophilic cream is more effective than placebo, and has not shown toxic or any other objective side-effects. Therefore, the regimen can be considered a safe and alternative treatment to cure patients suffering from psoriasis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

Aloe vera: a valuable ingredient for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries--a review.

Scientific investigations on Aloe vera have gained more attention over the last several decades due to its reputable medicinal properties. Some publications have appeared in reputable Scientific Journals that have made appreciable contributions to the discovery of the functions and utilizations of Aloe--"nature's gift." Chemical analysis reveals that Aloe vera contains various carbohydrate polymers, notably glucomannans, along with a range of other organic and inorganic components. Although many physiological properties of Aloe vera have been described, it still remains uncertain as to which of the component(s) is responsible for these physiological properties. Further research needs to be done to unravel the myth surrounding the biological activities and the functional properties of A. vera. Appropriate processing techniques should be employed during the stabilization of the gel in order to affect and extend its field of utilization.

Aloe↗
PubMed1988

Comparative evaluation of aloe vera in the management of burn wounds in guinea pigs.

An experimental study was designed using Hartley guinea pigs, who received full-thickness burns covering 3 percent of their body surface area by direct contact with a hot plate. A total of 40 animals were equally divided among four modalities of closed burn wound management as follows: group I: silver sulfadiazine (Silvadine); group II: aloe vera gel extract (Carrington Dermal Wound Gel); group III: salicylic acid cream (aspirin); and group IV: plain gauze occlusive dressing only. The dressings were changed daily, and the size and appearance of each burn wound were recorded until complete healing. On the sixth postburn day, quantitative burn wound cultures were made. The average time to complete healing in the control group was 50 days, and the only significant difference was found in the aloe vera-treated animals, which healed on an average of 30 days (p less than 0.02). Wound bacterial counts were effectively decreased by silver sulfadiazine (p = 0.015) and by aloe vera extract (p = 0.015). From our data it appears that aloe gel extracts permit a faster healing of burn wounds.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Processed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation.

Aloe vera preparations were evaluated for topical anti-inflammatory activity using the croton oil-induced edema assay. The results show that small amounts of A. vera given topically will inhibit inflammation induced by a moderate amount of irritant. In general, the decolorized Aloe was more effective than the colorized Aloe (with anthraquinone). A 47.1% inhibition of inflammation was obtained by 5% decolorized irradiated Aloe. These results may be used as a baseline to assess the biologic activity of A. vera in the treatment of inflammation by podiatric physicians.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

The effect of aloe vera gel/mild soap versus mild soap alone in preventing skin reactions in patients undergoing radiation therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of mild soap and aloe vera gel versus mild soap alone would decrease the incidence of skin reactions in patients undergoing radiation therapy. DATA SOURCES: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. SETTING: Radiation therapy outpatient clinic in a cancer center affiliated with a major teaching medical facility. SAMPLE: The mean age of the participants was 56 years. The group consisted of Caucasians (74%) and African Americans (26%). The ethnic mix was non-Hispanic (65%) and Hispanic (35%). METHODS: Prophylactic skin care began on the first day of radiation therapy. Patients cleansed the area with mild, unscented soap. Patients randomized into the experimental arm of the trial were instructed to liberally apply aloe vera gel to the area at various intervals throughout the day. FINDINGS: At low cumulative dose levels < or = 2,700 cGy, no difference existed in the effect of adding aloe. When the cumulative dose was high (> 2,700 cGy), the median time was five weeks prior to any skin changes in the aloe/soap arm versus three weeks in the soap only arm. When the cumulative dose increases over time, there seems to be a protective effect of adding aloe to the soap regimen. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Skin products used to treat radiation dermatitis vary among institutions. Nurses should be aware that some patients may be predisposed to skin problems. Nurses must be aware of newly developed products and research regarding these products so that effective treatment can be instituted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Molecular biological study of aloe vera in the treatment of experimental allergic rhinitis in rat].

OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic mechanism of aloe vera in allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: Ovalbumin sensitized white rat used as animal models of AR were treated intranasally with aloe vera. At the end of treatment, the differences in the behavior science were observed; the changes in the nasal mucosa were studied by pathological; IL-2, IL-4 mRNA in the nasal mucosa and spleen were used to do reverse transcriptive polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: The behavior science score of positive controls (8.42 +/- 1.06) was higher than the experimental group (2.02 +/- 0.42) and normal controls (0); inflammatory reactions in the experimental group nasal mucosa were remarkably relieved; the mean expression level of IL-2 mRNA in the experimental group was higher significantly than positive controls (P < 0.01); but that of IL-4 mRNA was lower evidently (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The aloe vera are suggested to be involved in the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes, by means of regulating the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The results suggests that local aloe vera treatment was a selective and non-traumatic method to treat the allergic rhinitis.

Aloe↗
PubMed2005

[Preparative isolation and purification of cinnamoyl-C-glycoside chromone from aloe vera by high-speed countercurrent chromatography].

Aloe chromone is a group of anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase constituents found in aloe vera leaves. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is reported for the preparative isolation and purification of a chromone from aloe vera. The crude extract was obtained by a series of pretreatment of aloe vera leaves and extracted from decolorizing active carbon with methanol. Then the extract was distributed between dichloromethane and water, and the organic part was then subjected to HSCCC for the isolation of chromone constituents. The chromone compounds with a high performance liquid chromatographic grade (>95%) was isolated through two step HSCCC separations by employing two solvent systems composed of chloroform-methanol-water and dichloromethane-methanol-water at volume ratios of 4/3/2 and 5/4/2, respectively. The chromone was finally identified as cinnamoyl-C-glycoside chromone by ultraviolet (UV), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR).

Aloe↗
PubMed2006

Silicate improves growth and ion absorption and distribution in aloe vera under salt stress.

Si 2.0 mmol/L in irrigation solution alleviated significantly the inhibition of NaCl stress of 100 or 200 mmol/L to aloe growth. Exogenously applied Si decreased significantly Na(+) and Cl(-) contents, increased K(+) content and K(+)/Na(+) ratio and selectivity ratio of absorption (AS(K, Na)) and of translocation (TS(K, Na)) to K(+) and Na(+) in aloe plant under both NaCl 100 and 200 mmol/L stresses for 30 d. In this way, the ion homeostasis in aloe plant under NaCl stress was maintained, as was proved by X-ray microanalysis of root tip and leaf across sections. One of the mechanisms to achieve this may be the significant enhancement of H(+)-ATPase activities by the addition of silicate in plasma membrane and tonoplast, H(+)-pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase) activity in tonoplast isolated from aloe root tips under NaCl stress.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of Aloe coarse polysaccharide on cytokine secretion of keratinocytes in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Aloe coarse polysaccharide on the levels of growth factors (EGF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta1) and interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in cultured keratinocytes. METHOD: The cultured keratinocytes were treated with Aloe coarse polysaccharide at concentrations of 75, 150, 300, 600, 1 200 mg x L(-1) land the equal volume of media as control group. The levels of EGF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF in the supernatants of cultured keratinocytes were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULT: Compared with the control group, the levels of EGF, TGF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased by treatment with Aloe coarse polysaccharide (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and in a dose dependent manner, and the levels of TGF-beta1 and TNF were also increased but no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Aloe coarse polysaccharide may promote keratinocytes to secrete EGF, TGF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8.

Aloe↗
PubMed1991

Aloe vera dermal wound gel is associated with a delay in wound healing.

We evaluated the time interval required for wound healing using a standard wound management protocol with and without aloe vera gel. Twenty-one women were studied who had wound complications requiring healing by second intention after cesarean delivery or laparotomy for gynecologic surgery. Wounds treated with standard management healed in a mean (+/- SD) time interval of 53 +/- 24 days, whereas those treated with aloe vera gel required 83 +/- 28 days (P = .003). The use of aloe vera dermal wound gel was associated with a significant delay in wound healing compared with treatment with an otherwise identical regimen that did not include aloe vera.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of topical ALO 2145 (p-aminoclonidine hydrochloride) on the acute intraocular pressure rise after argon laser iridotomy.

A prospective, randomized, double-masked pilot study compared topical 1% ALO 2145 (p-aminoclonidine hydrochloride, a topical alpha 2-agonist) with a placebo to determine its ability to minimize any acute postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) increase after argon laser iridotomy. Twenty-eight eyes (21 patients) with chronic narrow angle glaucoma underwent argon laser iridotomy. Fourteen eyes were treated with ALO 2145; the remainder received a placebo. All eyes received one drop of the appropriate medication one hour before and following the iridotomy. Six eyes (43%) treated with the placebo and no eyes treated with ALO 2145 experienced an IOP increase greater than 10 mm Hg over baseline. The mean IOPs and mean IOP changes from baseline were significantly lower during the first three postoperative hours in the eyes treated with ALO 2145. No significant difference was noted in the ease of iridotomy formation, rate of iridotomy closure, visual acuity, anterior segment inflammation, or mean heart rate.

Argon↗
PubMed2005

Rare gas effects on hyperfine coupling constants of BO, AlO, and GaO.

Using density functional theory methods and large basis sets, we calculated hyperfine coupling constants (HFCCs) for the (11)B, (17)O, (27)Al, and (69)Ga nuclei of the radicals BO, AlO, and GaO (XO), embedded in 2-14 rare gas (Rg) Ne and Ar atoms. Kr atoms were included for AlO. The distance of the Rg atoms from XO was varied from 4 to 12 bohr. Matrix effects cause A(iso)(X) to increase, accompanied by decreases in A(dip)(X) and A(dip)(O), while A(iso)(O) remains close to zero. Changes are largest for AlO, slightly smaller for GaO, and very small for BO, in line with the molecular polarizabilities. Observed changes of A(iso)(X) and A(dip)(X) for BO in Ne matrixes and for AlO in Ne, Ar, and Kr matrixes are reproduced in complexes with 12 Rg atoms at distances of 5-6 bohr or 14 Rg atoms at distances of 6-7 bohr. For GaO, experimental data are available only in Ne matrixes. Theoretical results obtained for HFCCs of (17)O could not be verified due to insufficient experimental information. Estimates of HFCCs in matrixes not yet experimentally studied and for GaO in the gas phase have been made. Due to the interaction with rare gas atoms, p-spin density on the X and O atoms of XO is converted into s-spin density on X, thereby causing an increase (in magnitude) of A(iso)(X), accompanied by decreases in A(dip) of X and O. The higher polarizability of XO along the bond axis is reflected in complexes that have axial Rg atoms showing larger changes in HFCCs than comparable complexes without axial Rg atoms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

A novel angiogenic factor derived from Aloe vera gel: beta-sitosterol, a plant sterol.

Aloe vera gel has a beneficial effect on wound healing. Because angiogenesis is an essential process in wound healing, we hypothesized that Aloe vera gel might contain potent angiogenic compounds. Here we demonstrate that Aloe vera gel and its extracts are angiogenic on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryo. Out of the three compounds purified from the final fraction of Aloe vera gel, beta-sitosterol showed a potent angiogenic activity in the CAM assay. In the presence of heparin, beta-sitosterol stimulated neovascularization in the mouse Matrigel plug assay and the motility of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in an in vitro wound migration assay. Thus beta-sitosterol is a novel plant-derived angiogenic factor which may have potential pharmaceutical applications for the management of chronic wounds.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Aloe-emodin effects on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activities with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2-aminofluorene (AF) were determined in H. pylori collected from peptic ulcer patients. Cytosols or suspensions of H. pylori with or without different concentrations of aloe-emodin co-treatment showed different percentages of AF and PABA acetylation. The data indicate that there was decreased NAT activity associated with increased aloe-emodin in H. pylori cytosols. Inhibition of growth study from H. pylori demonstrated that aloe-emodin elicited dose-dependent growth inhibition in H. pylori cultures. The report is the first finding of aloe-emodin inhibition of arylamine NAT activity in a strain of H. pylori.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed2002

The effect of aloe emodin on the proliferation of a new merkel carcinoma cell line.

A free-floating cell line has been established from a metastatic lesion of a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) patient. The cell line was characterized by immunocytochemical reactions with antibodies against the epithelial and neuroendocrine antigens: cytokeratin 20, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, neurofilament protein, synaptophysin, and calcitonin. Karyotype analysis of the MCC cells showed deletion in chromosomes 3 and 7, loss of chromosome 10, and several translocations in other chromosomes. No mutation was detected in the TP53 gene, after analyzing the complete coding region. Growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and nerve and epidermal growth factors had no effect on the proliferation of the cells. The differentiation-inducing agents sodium butyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide, especially the former, markedly inhibited the proliferation of the MCC cells. Aloe emodin, a natural constituent of aloe vera leaves, significantly inhibited the growth of MCC cells. Aloe emodin has been reported to be nontoxic for normal cells but to possess specific toxicity for neuroectodermal tumor cells. Differentiation-inducing agents, and aloe emodin, merit further investigation as potential agents for treating MCC.

Aged↗