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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Allergic reactions to insect stings: results from a national survey of 10,000 junior high school children in Israel.

BACKGROUND: Insect sting allergy is a medical condition the magnitude of which has not been fully estimated in children. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the prevalence of insect stings among schoolchildren in Israel, the rate of allergic reactions, and hospital attendance. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was administered to a national sample of schoolchildren aged 13 to 14 years across Israel. Questions regarding insect stings, allergic reactions, and hospital attendance were added. RESULTS: Ten thousand twenty-one questionnaires were available for analysis. Most (56.3%) had been stung at least once in their lifetime. Of these, 20.5% had a large local reaction (LLR), 11.6% had a mild (cutaneous) systemic reaction (MSR), and 4.4% had a moderate-to-severe systemic reaction (SSR); 11.5%, 6.5%, and 2.5% of the study group, respectively. Arabs had significantly more allergic reactions of all 3 types than Jews (P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, LLR was associated with SSR (odds ratio, 6.25; 95% CI, 4.66-8.41) and MSR (odds ratio, 5.15; 95% CI, 4.24-6.25). More than 10% of the children with an LLR only attended a hospital compared with 7.5% of those with an MSR only and 14.5% with an SSR only. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of reported allergic sting reactions in children might be higher than previously estimated. Arab children reported significantly more allergic reactions than Jews. Hospital attendance does not correlate with the severity of the allergic reaction, and only a minority of children with SSRs are treated in hospital. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The improper care of severe reactions highlights the need for better public and physician education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Acute allergic reaction to an iron compound in a milk-allergic patient.

A child allergic to cow's milk developed a mild systemic allergic reaction after the first dose of Ferplex 40 (iron proteinsuccinylate). Skin tests and in vitro studies were performed in the child, in three cow's milk-allergic controls and in a non-allergic control. Milk, casein and iron proteinsuccinylate (Ferplex 40) were used for skin tests, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) determination, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblotting and enzyme allergo sorbent test (EAST) inhibition. A review of the drug information sheet and contact with the manufacturer were also performed. Although proteinsuccinylate is indeed a succinylated casein (each dose containing about 575 mg of casein) there was no indication of the milk protein content in the prescribing information provided by the manufacturer. Skin tests and specific IgE were positive in the case and in all allergic controls, except for EAST to iron proteinsuccinylate in one control. In EAST, iron proteinsuccinylate in solid phase was 100% inhibited by casein and casein in solid phase was inhibited 74% by iron proteinsuccinylate. SDS-PAGE of iron proteinsuccinylate showed a broad 46 kDa band and a blur of aggregated material. On immunoblot, the patient's IgE reacted to this heavily aggregated material and in the native casein extract recognized a 35-kDa band. The allergenicity of succinylated casein (proteinsuccinylate) among milk-allergic children is demonstrated. The protein source used in drug-protein conjugates should always be indicated by the manufacturer (as it should be in foods) to avoid potential risks to allergic patients.

Anemia↗
PubMed2003

Suppression of allergic reaction by lambda-carrageenan: toll-like receptor 4/MyD88-dependent and -independent modulation of immunity.

BACKGROUND: Recognition of foreign substances by innate immunity through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) regulates acquired immunity such as allergic reaction. Because PRRs recognize heterogeneous ligands, daily food intake can potentially regulate immune allergic reaction. OBJECTIVE: Elucidation of the effect of lambda-carrageenan on allergic reactions was aimed. METHOD: IFN-gamma and IL-4 was measured in in vitro T cell-stimulated culture. Cytokine production from macrophages in response to lambda-carrageenan was measured as indicator for innate immunity activation. Mice were immunized with OVA in alum to induce specific IgE, and then histamine release was induced by systemic injection of OVA. RESULTS: Activation of innate immunity by lambda-carrageenan is dependent on Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and MyD88, in which induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 was largely impaired in macrophages from TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice. Footpad oedema, a model for in vivo inflammatory reactions, was significantly reduced in these mice. Similar to recent evidence showing a preference for the stimulation of Th1 via TLR/MyD88 signalling, lambda-carrageenan showed enhanced IFN-gamma and decreased IL-4 in stimulated T cell cultures. Interestingly, increased IFN-gamma production was still seen in TLR4- and MyD88-deficient splenocytes. Oral administration of lambda-carrageenan to immunized mice successfully decreased OVA-specific IgE, and lambda-carrageenan was also effective in previously immunized mice. Further, serum histamine release upon systemic challenge of OVA was significantly inhibited. Neither OVA-specific IgG1/IgG2a nor cytokine secretion from in vitro cultures were altered, suggesting the involvement of multiple PRRs as demonstrated by TLR4/MyD88-independent IFN-gamma up-regulation. The simultaneous feeding of OVA with lipopolysaccharide abrogated oral tolerance, but lambda-carrageenan was not only devoid of such an effect but was also found to promote oral tolerance in the absence of TLR4. CONCLUSION: lambda-Carrageenan was suggested to be a useful dietary supplement to ameliorate allergic reactions while maintaining oral tolerance-dependent intestinal homeostasis.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1989

Dissociation of cutaneous vascular permeability and the development of cutaneous late-phase allergic reactions.

Cutaneous late-phase allergic reactions (LPR) are characterized by an early, immediate hypersensitivity whealing reaction followed by persistent, localized induration that peaks 6 to 8 hours later. In this study we used rodents to examine the relationship between vascular permeability (VP) and induration during LPR. Efflux of macromolecular tracers from the vasculature into skin was measured with the use of radiolabeled albumin and neutral dextran tracers having large molecular radii. To induce LPR immunologically, we used either intradermal injections of antirat IgE or passive cutaneous sensitization with IgE antidinitrophenyl followed 24 hours later by intravenous injection of albumin-dinitrophenyl. [125I]albumin and [3H]dextran tracers were injected intravenously before and at various intervals after the induction of LPR. Although a marked increase in VP occurred within the first 30 minutes after induction of mast cell degranulation, analysis of radiolabeled tracer accumulation at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours failed to demonstrate any further increase in VP. These findings indicate that the induration observed in rodent LPR is not associated with increased VP beyond the immediate hypersensitivity stage and suggest that impairment of lymphatic drainage, cellular infiltration, and/or fibrin deposition are contributing factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of L-asparaginase allergic reaction.

The treatment of an allergic reaction to L-asparaginase is discussed in the presentation of a case of a 26-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia who was undergoing methotrexate-L-asparaginase rescue therapy. The possible mechanism of action of L-asparaginase is reviewed, and precautions for use of L-asparaginase in combination therapy with methotrexate are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Allergic reaction and vascular permeability].

The allergic reaction is characterized by an inflammatory phenomenon that comprises a cellular aspect and a vascular aspect. The vascular aspect is linked to the production of several mediators able to induce a vascular hyperpermeability. Among these mediators it is possible to find histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, PAF, neuromediators, kinins, anaphylatoxins.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Confirmed allergic reactions to amide local anesthetics.

Allergic reactions to ester local anesthetics are not uncommon. It is generally accepted that similar reactions to the newer amides do not occur. This assumption should be reconsidered. A confirmed case of true amide allergy is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

How dangerous is food allergy in childhood? The incidence of severe and fatal allergic reactions across the UK and Ireland.

AIMS: To discover the incidence of fatal and severe allergic reactions to food in a large population of children. METHODS: A retrospective search for fatalities in children 0-15 years from 1990 to February 1998, primarily of death certification at offices of national statistics. A prospective survey of fatal and severe reactions from March 1998 to February 2000, primarily through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: were deaths and severe reactions. A case was deemed severe if one or more of the following criteria was met: cardiorespiratory arrest; need for inotropic support; fluid bolus >20 ml/kg; more than one dose of epinephrine; more than one dose of nebulised bronchodilator. A case was deemed near fatal if intubation was necessary. RESULTS: The UK under 16 population is 13 million. Over the past 10 years, eight children died (incidence of 0.006 deaths per 100 000 children 0-15 years per year). Milk caused four of the deaths. No child under 13 died from peanut allergy. Two children died despite receiving early epinephrine before admission to hospital; one child with a mild food allergic reaction died from epinephrine overdose. Over the past two years, there were six near fatal reactions (none caused by peanut) and 49 severe ones (10 caused by peanut), yielding incidences of 0.02 and 0.19 per 100 000 children 0-15 years per year respectively. Coexisting asthma is more strongly associated with a severe reaction than the severity of previous reactions. CONCLUSIONS: If 5% of the child population have food allergy, the risk that a food allergic child will die from a food allergic reaction is about 1 in 800 000 per year. The food allergic child with asthma may be at higher risk. Prescribing an epinephrine autoinjector requires a careful balance of advantages and disadvantages.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of corticosteroids betamethasone and prednisolone in the prevention of allergic reactions in patients undergoing heart surgery with artificial blood circulation].

The authors discuss measures preventing intraoperative allergic reactions in patients subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of allergic reactions in 1330 patients operated on the heart showed that cardiosurgical patients are liable to anaphylaxis because of intraoperative administrations of numerous drugs (besides anesthetics), specifically, antibiotics, protamine, etc., blood components, solutions. Comparison of the incidence of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions allowed the authors to recommend corticosteroids to be added to anesthesiological protocols with prophylactic purpose. A new corticosteroid betamethasone is more effective than traditional prednisolone in equivalent doses as regards prevention and alleviation of allergic reactions in cardiosurgical patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Immunoblot analysis for IgE-reactive components of fetal calf serum in dogs that developed allergic reactions after non-rabies vaccination.

We previously demonstrated the presence of IgE directed to fetal calf serum (FCS) in the sera from dogs that developed allergic reactions after vaccination. In this study, by an immunoblot analysis, we investigated the IgE-reactive components of FCS using sera from 16 dogs that exhibited allergic reactions after vaccination. The immunoblot analysis revealed that several FCS proteins of approximately 25-, 50-, 66-, 75-, 120-, and 175-kDa strongly reacted with IgE in the sera from dogs that showed post-vaccination allergic reactions. The 66-kDa band was detected in the sera from 14 of the 16 dog serum samples analyzed in the immunoblot analysis for FCS, and it was speculated to be albumin based on its molecular weight; however, serum IgE reactivity to bovine serum albumin could be detected in only four of the 14 dog samples. These findings demonstrated that a variety of FCS components including albumin could function as allergens in dogs that developed allergic reactions after vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunological aspects and inflammatory mechanisms of allergic reactions.

The tissue changes and symptoms that occur during an allergic reaction in the upper respiratory tract are due to inflammatory reactions. The authors give a survey of the different allergic reactions and discuss the different components of the IgE mediated hypersensitivity which is the most important type of hypersensitivity in the upper airways. The production of IgE, the immunoglobulin of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction, is modulated by T-cells through the activity of cytokines. Antigen presenting cells, including Langerhans cells, play an important role in the sensitisation phase. Mast cells and basophils degranulate as a result of a complex enzymatic pathway, in which phosphatidylinositol plays an important role. The mediators released by these cells include vasoactive substances, chemotactic agents and inflammatory proteases; these mediators and those liberated by secondary recruited cells, such as eosinophils and basophils will be responsible for the early and late symptoms.

Basophils↗
PubMed1994

Allergic reactions to betalactams: studies in a group of patients allergic to penicillin and evaluation of cross-reactivity with cephalosporin.

A group of 34 penicillin-allergic patients was studied to determine skin test reactivity to the different penicillins involved in inducing the allergic reaction and the cross-reactivity with side-chain-related and side-chain-unrelated cephalosporins. All the subjects selected for the study had to be skin test positive to at least one of the following determinants: benzyl-penicilloyl-polylysine (BPO-PLL), minor-determinant mixture (MDM), amoxicillin (AX), or ampicillin (AMP), or to possess in vitro IgE to the following conjugates: benzyl-penicilloyl-human-serum albumin (BPO-HSA), ampicilloyl-human-serum albumin (AMP-HSA), and amoxicilloyl-human-serum albumin (AX-HSA). Cephalexin (CE) and ceftazidime (CEF) were used to assess cross-reactivity. If skin tests to any of these compounds were positive, the patient was considered to be allergic; if negative, a challenge test was performed. Sixteen patients (47%) were skin test positive to BPO and/or MDM, and nine (26%) exclusively to AX and/or AMP. In three cases (8%), the RAST was positive although the skin test was negative; one to BPO-HSA and two to AX-HSA and AMP-HSA. Six patients (17%) needed to be challenged with the penicillin involved to establish the diagnosis. In five patients (14%), the skin tests were positive to CE and in none to CEF. In all the others, the skin tests were negative to both cephalosporins, and the patients tolerated the drugs when challenged. These results indicate the relevance of side-chain-specific minor determinants in betalactams allergy and provide support for the role of this chemical structure in the evaluation of cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Late allergic reactions: the skin and the lung.

The late allergic response appears to be simply a sequel of an IgE-mediated mast cell-dependent allergic reaction which has a greater inflammatory component. Late responses in the skin and the bronchi share many similarities. Pharmacologic modification of the late allergic response is especially important because these reactions may be more severe and prolonged than immediate allergic reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Shini-san inhibits mast cell-dependent immediate-type allergic reactions.

Shini-San has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating allergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shini-San on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal (WBB6F1(-)+/+) mice but not in congenic mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 in normal mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rats by topical application. Shini-San also inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shini-San had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shini-San inhibits immediate type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of allergic reactions by chromoglycate and by a new anti-allergic drug (10-chloro-1,4,6,9-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxopyrido (3,2-g) quinoline-2,8-dicardoxylic acid). I. Activity in rats.

A new inhibitor of IgE-mediated allergic reactions has been studied in rats. This new inhibitor is chemically quite different from cromoglycate and shows qualitative and quantitative advantages over it. This new inhibitor possesses no bronchodilator or end-organ antagonism activity, but as cromoglycate acts by inhibition of mediator release. Multiple doses in rats lead to tachyphylaxis. This effect is reversed both by decreasing the first dose and increasing the time between doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Chemical mediators in atopic dermatitis: involvement of leukotriene B4 released by a type I allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The mediators produced from a type I allergic reaction have not yet been able to explain the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the involvement of leukotriene (LT) B4 produced from a type I allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of AD. METHOD: The release of LTB4 was measured both in vitro, in passively sensitized and antigen-challenged human skin slices, as well as in vivo, in skin chambers on patients with AD. RESULTS: LTB4 was released from in vitro human skin by stimulation of the antigen (54.9 +/- 14.6 pg/g wet weight of skin by antigen challenge and 28.0 +/- 11.1 pg/g in control skin, P <.002). Antigen-specific release of LTB4 and histamine was also observed in vivo in nonlesional skin from the patients with AD by using the skin chamber technique. CONCLUSION: LTB4 release during type I allergic reaction in human skin has been determined in vitro. The released LTB4 possibly contributes to cellular response at the acute inflammatory lesion of AD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Magnoliae flos inhibits mast cell-dependent immediate-type allergic reactions.

The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating allergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. Magnoliae flos has been used for the treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Magnoliae flos on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal (WBB6F1-+/+) mice but not in the congenic mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. Magnoliae flos inhibited concentration-dependently mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 by topical application. Magnoliae flos inhibited concentration-dependently passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE in rats by topical application. Magnoliae flos also inhibited concentration-dependently the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Magnoliae flos had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Magnoliae flos inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

Anaphylaxis↗