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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Anosmia following head trauma: preliminary study of steroid treatment.

Twenty patients with post-traumatic anosmia were subjected to olfactory function testing, including olfactory acuity tests using a T & T olfactometer and an intravenous olfaction test. T & T tests revealed complete loss in 14 patients. In the intravenous olfaction test, 14 patients showed no response and 5 patients showed abnormal responses. The severity of olfactory dysfunction showed no correlation with background factors such as the site of head trauma, the presence of the fracture of skull, the presence of unconsciousness, or the presence of head operation. As a preliminary study, seventeen patients were administered a corticosteroid, a topical nasal drop of 0.1% betamethasone for 12 patients and an oral administration of prednisolone for 5 patients. Four patients showed slight recovery of olfactory function following a corticosteroid therapy. Effects of corticosteroids on olfaction might be explained by regeneration of olfactory receptor cell axons and reestablishment of contact with cells in the olfactory bulb.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

Anosmia in Alzheimer disease.

Ten patients with probable Alzheimer Dementia underwent a brief evaluation of cranial nerve I function, with 90% showing varying degrees of anosmia. The potential usefulness of olfactory assessment in the evaluation of Alzheimer Disease is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent advances in the neuropsychology of human olfaction and anosmia.

Patients' olfactory functioning is rarely considered by rehabilitation specialists because this capacity is seen as unnecessary for most vocational and academic purposes. However, several recent studies have shown that intermittent exposure to fragrances can help subjects sustain attention more efficiently. As this effect is especially pronounced when subjects report attention-maintenance difficulties, accessory olfactory stimulation may enhance the sustained attention capacities of head-injured subjects. Another study is cited in which subjects who lost their sense of smell following head injuries were found to experience more difficulty in maintaining employment. This effect is probably related to orbital lobe damage, which usually accompanies post-traumatic anosmia. The implications of these studies for rehabilitation professionals are discussed.

Arousal↗
PubMed2004

[A case report on congenital anosmia].

We report 2 cases of congenital anosmia, in a 13-year-old girl and the other in a 10-year-old boy. They reported having no concept of "smell". The girl has no complications but the boy has congenital microphthalmia and is completely blind. They showed scale-out results on both T & T olfactometry and intravenous Alinamin test. Brain MRI detected hypoplasia or lack of the olfactory bulbs, tracts, and olfactory sulci in the frontal lobe of the brain in both patients. Neither had endocrinal dysfunction. In the boy, we biopsied the nasal mucosa in the olfactory cleft and found it had no olfactory epithelial cells at all. We found MRI to be the most useful imaging for diagnosing congenital olfactory disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Anosmia after doxycycline use.

We report the case of a man who developed anosmia while taking doxycycline tablets for a skin disorder. Two other cases of parosmia occurring in association with doxycycline have been reported to the Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee of the Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health since 1972. Disturbances of taste but not olfaction have been reported with tetracycline use in the past.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Does intranasal application of zinc sulfate produce anosmia in the rat?

Transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) from olfactory sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb as well as odor detection and discrimination were examined in rats in which each nasal epithelium had been irrigated with 0.1-0.5 ml 5% zinc sulfate. After treatment, rats showed few or no deficits in discriminating among odors and in detecting high (1%-0.01%) concentrations of ethyl acetate, but some had deficits in detecting lower concentrations of the odor. In most cases, HRP reaction product filled more than 30% of olfactory bulb glomeruli 2-4 days after treatment with ZnSO4. The behavioral outcomes are in agreement with recent reports of considerable savings in olfaction even after severe reduction of afferent projections to the olfactory bulb. We conclude that, in the rat, intranasal application of ZnSO4, as generally practiced, does not produce anosmia.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2003

Head injury and anosmia.

Anosmia is a frequent complication of head injury. One hundred eighty-one patients with head trauma and accompanying smell impairment were examined in the University of Connecticut Chemosensory Clinic from 1986 to 2002. The literature is reviewed.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed2004

[From gene to disease; hypogonatrophic hypogonadism and anosmia: Kallmann's syndrome].

Kallmann's syndrome is a genetic condition characterised by hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia; additional neurological and non-neurological symptoms may also occur depending on the specific mode of inheritance. Mode of inheritance can be X-linked (KAL-1), autosomal dominant (KAL-2) or autosomal recessive (KAL-3), although unrelated sporadic cases occur more frequently. The gene responsible for the X-linked form, namely KAL-1, and its encoded protein anosmin-1 have been identified for some time. Very recently the gene responsible for the autosomal dominant form was also identified. KAL-2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth-factor receptor-1 (FGFR1).

Extracellular Matrix Proteins↗
PubMed2004

Anosmia following superior turbinate resection.

Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sinus mucosa responsible for, among other symptoms, alteration of the sense of smell in a considerable percentage of patients. One of the aims of surgical treatment is the recuperation of the sense of smell, especially in patients with good preoperative indicators suggesting a possible favorable outcome. The purposes of this brief clinical report are to present the case of a patient with nasal polyposis who developed anosmia after a bilateral endoscopic functional ethmoidectomy with inadvertent resection of both superior turbinates, and to discuss briefly the possible physiopathological mechanisms that could explain it.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia: Kallman's syndrome].

Three male adolescents with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia (Kallmann Syndrome) and treated with testosterone enantate are presented. The type of inheritance, the importance of others clinical signs and symptoms in an early diagnosis, variations in the response of gonadotropins and prolactin to LHRH and chlorpromazine. The optimal treatment schedule with testosterone for these patients seems to be intramuscular testosterone enantate 200 mg at two weeks intervals. Longer intervals produce less satisfactory responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism combined with anosmia (Kallmann's syndrome)].

Diagnosis in Kallmann's syndrome is often erroneous and results in the administration of inadequate therapy. The aim of the study was to define characteristic features of a course of disease and to administer adequate therapy. It has been established that cases of Kallmann's syndrome are rather frequent. Patients with hypogonadism should be examined with respect to anosmia because such a combination suggests the diagnosis of Kallmann's syndrome. The selection of a therapeutic method should be strictly individual bearing in mind a degree of hypoplasia and the presence of cryptorchism. In the combination of Kallmann's syndrome with cryptorchism CG therapy results in the elimination of cryptorchism without surgery in most patients. Chorionic gonadotropin should be administered in combination with androgens in marked testicular hypoplasia in any period at the reproductive age; later on it can be only chorionic gonadotropin. Correct diagnosis and adequate therapy lead to sex and social rehabilitation of patients with Kallmann's syndrome decreasing the number of sterile men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Anosmia and hypogonadism (Kallman's or Maestre de San Juan's syndrome (author's transl)].

A patient, aged 15 years and three months, with hypogonadism and anosmia (Kallman's syndrome or Maestre de San Juan's syndrome) is presented. It is an sporadic case, with no associated abnormalities, who had been seen due to a lack of sexual development. Basal levels of plasmatic LH and FSH were lower than the sensitivity threshold of the method: 1.5 mlU/ml. Administration of 100 ng of GnRH alone in one dose did not evoke any change of these levels; when the same dosage was given during five consecutive days, plasmatic levels of both gonadotropins increased. Initial treatment with HCG (5,000 IU, biweekly) evoked very favourable changes in somatic and genital development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Hypogandotropic hypogonadism with anosmia: the Kallmann syndrome.

Five cases are presented and the literature reviewed concerning the association of anosmia or hyposmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome). Two of the five cases are sporadic and without associated anomalies, the third is associated with ichthyosis and epilepsy, the fourth has a sister with hypogonadism and cleft lip and palate while the fifth case also has Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism). It is concluded that "Kallmann syndrome" is present in a wide spectrum of disorders with different genetic etiologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia (Maestre San Juan-Kallman's syndrome) (author's transl)].

Authors present a case of Maestre de San Juan-Kallman syndrome in a male 14 year old, with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia, and with other associated malformations (cryptorchism, epilepsy, hypoacusia and chromosomal anomalies). Standard values of FSH and LH are undetectable. After stimulation with LH-RH, a continued release of gonadotropins is produced. With the clomiphene stimulation there is a negative response.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anosmia as a symptom of incipient Pick's atrophy?].

The paper reports a case of anosmia as a singular symptom in a 48-year-old male individual. Clinical, neurophysiological, psychological and laboratory exams are negative. The CAT-Scan shows a frontal atrophy. The continuous exchange of information is recommended in cases with obvious discrepancies between clinical findings and CAT-Scan results.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1980

[Response of prolactin to thyrotrophin-RH(TRH) and chlorpromazine stimulation in the syndrome of hypogonadism and anosmia (author's transl)].

Basal and stimulatory tests of FSH, LH and PRL are reported in three cases of hypogonadism-anosmia syndrome (Maestre-Kallmann-De Morsier syndrome), two of whom were brothers. Basal FSH levels were low (mean = 1.7 mU/ml) and did not respond to the first acute stimulation with intravenous LRH (x = 2.3 mU/ml), but after intramuscular LRH, 500 microgram/day for 10 days, a clear-cut response was noted in two patients (from a mean of 7.8 mU/ml to 16.8 mU/ml), while the other patient continued without response. Low basal LH levels (mean 1.8 mU/ml) responded poorly to the first LRH stimulation (mean 4.6 mU/ml), while after intramuscular LRH for 10 days there was a marked increase in all three cases (mean 29.7 mU/ml). In no case was there a response to clomiphene. With regard to PRL, all cases had a clear response to TRH, although it was subnormal in two of them. Opposite results were obtained in one case of Klinefelter's syndrome, namely, elevated basal PRL levels (44 ng/ml) with an exaggerated response to TRH. Chlorpromazine administration caused an elevation of PRL to 43 and 30 ng/ml, respectively, in the two patients with a subnormal response to TRH, while the third case responded less than to TRH. In conclusion, the response to TRH of FSH and LH with lack of response to clomiphene supports the hypothalamic nature of the hypogonadism, while the response of PRL to both TRH and chlorpromazine, along with the normal levels of the remaining pituitary hormones (ACTH, TSH and STH) demonstrate the selectivity of the hypothalamic lesion whereby only gonadotrophin control is impaired.

Adolescent↗