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PubMed1999

[A case of submucosal endosalpingiosis in the urinary bladder].

A 47-year-old woman was admitted when a mass in the urinary bladder was pointed out on ultrasound follow-up after hysterectomy for uterine myoma. Cystoscopy, ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI suggested a tumor in the muscle layers of the urinary bladder. Since the possibility of malignancy could not be ruled out, partial cystectomy was performed. The tumor was diagnosed as endosalpingiosis, a subclassification of mullerianosis histologically. The concept of endosalpingiosis has appeared recently and only 3 cases have been reported none of who had severe symptoms. Our case is the forth in the world. One of these cases had been treated with hormonal therapy as endometriosis, with no effect. Therefore, surgery is recommended as the first treatment of choice.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1976

Effect of avitaminosis A and hypervitaminosis A on urinary bladder carcinogenicity of N-(4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl)formamide.

The effect of vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis A on the urothelial carcinogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formanmide (FANFT) was determined in female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder and high incidences of cystitis, ureteritis, and pyelonephritis. Administration of FANFT to vitamin A-deficient rats appeared to accelerate the carcinogenic process, with earlier appearance of urinary bladder tumors and the development of ureteral and renal pelvic carcinomas. Most of these tumors were squamous cell, occasionally with transitional cell foci. Hypervitaminosis A prevented the appearance of squamous metaplasia and squamous cell neoplasia in rats fed FANFT, but it did not inhibit the formation of transitional cell hyperplasia or neoplasia in comparison to rats receiving normal levels of vitamin A and FANFT.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Permeability characteristics of the rat urinary bladder in experimental cystitis and after overdistension.

The permeability characteristics of the rat urinary bladder were investigated in experimental cystitis achieved by xylene/Escherichia coli, after dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) exposure and 3 and/or 10 days after overdistension. The changes were found to be comparable between experimental cystitis and DMSO treatment, whereas those after overdistension were specifically different in nature. Passive increases in NaCl permeability were shown to be accompanied by functional, metabolic impairment of the urothelium. It has been suggested that the concept of an almost impermeable 'blood-urine barrier' is completely misleading under these circumstances. This should be taken into account in future clinical considerations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder diagnosed by urine cytology: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary melanoma of the urinary bladder is a rare neoplasm, and there have been no prior reports in which the initial diagnosis was made by urinary cytology. CASE: An 82-year-old woman presented with vaginal spotting, gross hematuria and dysuria. Voided urine cytology revealed malignant cells, several of which exhibited cytoplasmic melanin pigment and were accompanied by many macrophages also containing melanin. Cystoscopy revealed a darkly pigmented, polypoid mass at the bladder neck. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Primary melanoma of the urinary bladder is rare. The diagnosis can be made on cytologic examination of voided urine if careful study of exfoliated malignant cells reveals cytoplasmic melanin pigment. Macrophages may also harbor melanin pigment, and their presence should alert the cytopathologist to search carefully for pigmented malignant cells. Clinical and radiologic studies are essential to rule out melanoma metastatic to the bladder.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Trisodium nitriloacetate monohydrate: promoting effect in urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

The effect of trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate [(Na3NTA X H2O) CAS: 18662-53-8] on development of urinary bladder tumors in rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6] was studied. Twenty-one male inbred W rats 6 weeks of age were given drinking water containing 500 ppm of BBN for 4 weeks and then put on diet containing 10,000 ppm of Na3NTA X H2O for 28 weeks. Na3NTA X H2O promoted the development of urinary bladder tumors in rats treated with BBN. The incidences of papilloma and transitional cell carcinomas in the urinary bladder were 90% (18/20) and 25% (4/20), respectively, in rats treated with BBN and then Na3NTA X H2O and 0 in those treated with BBN or Na3NTA X H2O alone. The incidence of papillary or nodular hyperplasia in week 32 was 100% (20/20) in rats treated with BBN and then Na3NTA X H2O and 61% (13/21) in rats treated with BBN only.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

[A case of metastatic urinary bladder tumor from a gastric remnant carcinoma].

We report a case of a metastatic urinary bladder tumor from gastric remnant carcinoma. On August 23, 1984, a 70-year-old-woman visited us with the complaint of dysuria. She had undergone gastrectomy for gastric ulcer 25 years earlier. Cystoscopy revealed a non-stalk tumor in the dome of the bladder and the examination of the upper gastro-intestinal tract revealed gastric remnant carcinoma. We treated her with adriamycin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and mitomycin C but unfortunately she died of cachexia two weeks later. An autopsy revealed that the urinary bladder tumor was a signet ring cell carcinoma, metastasized from gastric remnant carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1992

[Superficial and pedunculated signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report].

A case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is described. A 63-year-old man presenting with difficulty of urination and miction pain had a pedunculated soybean-size tumor on the left lateral wall of the bladder. Specimens of the tumor were obtained by transurethral resection and the pathological diagnosis was signet ring cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of bladder metastasis from other organs. The patient then had intraoperative radiotherapy and he is alive without recurrence 20 months after the operation. We briefly discuss 73 cases of signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder collected from the English and Japanese literature. The tumor in this patient was the smallest of all cases reported previously.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1999

Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder in a girl.

We report a case of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder in a 10-year-old girl. She was referred to us with intermittent asymptomatic gross hematuria. A polypoid, pedunculated mass, which had a thin and long stalk, approximately 6 x 20 mm in diameter, was observed by cystscopic examination at the right paratrigone. The lesion was resected endoscopically. Histological findings were compatible with the trabecular type of inverted papilloma. There have been only 3 cases reported of inverted papilloma in children, and no report has previously been published concerning a girl. Since the biological potential of pediatric inverted papilloma remains unclear, we believe that our patient should undergo periodic and detailed urological examinations.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Subcellular distribution of SERCA and calcium-activated ATPase in rabbit and human urinary bladder smooth muscle.

Previous studies have demonstrated that calcium storage and release from IP-3-dependent sites in the sarcoplasmic reticulum play an important role in the contractile response of the rabbit urinary bladder to both field stimulation (mediated via neurotransmitter release) and bethanechol (direct muscarinic stimulation). In view of the importance of SERCA in urinary bladder smooth muscle function, we studied the distribution of SERCA by two methods: using Western blotting to quantitate the protein concentration and by enzyme analysis using thapsigargin to specifically inhibit SERCA. Rabbit and human samples of urinary bladder smooth muscle were homogenized and the homogenate separated into three particulate fractions by differential centrifugation: nuclear-cell wall, mitochondrial, and microsomal. The protein concentration of these three particulate fractions was determined and the SERCA protein level quantitated by Western blotting using SERCA-2 antibodies. The calcium-ATPase activity was quantitated using standard enzymatic analysis and the thapsigargin sensitivity determined. The results demonstrated that: (1) the concentration of SERCA was significantly greater in the microsomal fraction than in either of the other fractions for both rabbit and human bladder smooth muscle; (2) the enzymatic activities of both total calcium-activated ATPase and thapsigargin-sensitive calcium ATPase were evenly divided among the three fractions, and (3) the enzymatic activity of both total calcium-activated ATPase and thapsigargin-sensitive calcium ATPase of the rabbit exceeded that of the human. In conclusion, the distribution of SERCA and calcium-ATPase of the rabbit bladder smooth muscle was similar to that in the human bladder smooth muscle, although activities in rabbit were significantly greater than those of human tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the urinary bladder diverticulum].

A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the chief compliant of difficulty of urination, lower abdominal pain and macrohematuria. On cystoscopy, a non-papillary tumor was seen in the diverticulum on the right side of the urinary bladder. Having made the diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer, we performed total cystectomy, retroperitoneal node dissection and construction of an ileal neobladder. Histologically, it was squamous cell carcinoma, pT3a, pN0. Seven months after the operation, the patient died of recurrent disease.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2005

Reducing radiation dose to pelvic small bowel in cervical cancer patients treated with Ir-192 intracavitary brachytherapy by using urinary bladder distension.

OBJECTIVES: Several techniques and devices have been used in an attempt to minimize radiation dose to gastrointestinal tract while giving pelvic radiation. We evaluated the effect of urinary bladder distension to displace pelvic small bowel out of intracavitary brachytherapy field to minimize radiation dose to small bowel in cervical cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eleven cervical cancer patients who received Ir-192 intracavitary brachytherapy with tandem and transverse ovoids were included in this study. Oral contrast material was used to visualize pelvic small bowel. Urinary bladder was distended by injection 125-200 ml. normal saline solution. Pelvic radiograph, anteroposterior and lateral view, was performed before and after bladder distention for brachytherapy treatment planning and comparing radiation dose at small bowel. RESULTS: The average maximum radiation dose at small bowel before and after bladder distension were 3123 cGy and 1998 cGy respectively. The summation of small bowel dose was reduced 54.17% (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Urinary bladder distension could effectively displace pelvic small bowel and reduce the radiation dose to small bowel from Ir-192 intracavitary brachytherapy in cervical cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of UFT on urinary bladder tumors in rats induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine].

The effect of combined tegafur and uracil (UFT) on the development of rat urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) was studied. Two hundred F344 male rats were divided into 10 groups. Groups 1 to 5 were given 0.05% BBN in drinking water for the initial 8 weeks of the experiment, and Groups 6 to 10 were the controls of the prior 5 groups treated with BBN. UFT in commercial diet was administered at daily doses of 100mg (30.9 mg as FT-207) per kg of body weight in Groups 2 and 4 and 200 mg (61.7 mg as FT-207) per kg of body weight in Groups 3 and 5. Groups 2 and 3 received UFT throughout the period of the experiment, and Groups 4 and 5 for 12 weeks after 8 week treatment with BBN. All animals were sacrificed at 20 weeks, and studied histopathologically. In Groups 1 to 5, urinary bladder tumors developed in 20 of 20, 13 of 20, 6 of 20, 14 of 20 and 6 of 20, respectively. Incidences of tumors in the 4 groups treated with UFT were significantly lower than that in Group 1 treated with BBN alone. This result shows that UFT inhibits the development of urinary bladder tumors in rats induced by BBN.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of therapeutic radiation with golgi complex hypertrophy in human urinary bladder carcinomas: quantitative electron microscopy studies.

The volume (Vv) and surface area (surface density; Sv) of the Golgi complex were measured by electron microscopy stereologic techniques in 17 patients with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Seven patients were irradiated prior to surgical removal, 4 had recurrent carcinomas that arose from previously irradiated bladder urothelium, and the remaining 6 patients had bladder carcinoma but no prior history of therapeutic irradiation. There were significant differences in the Vv and Sv of Golgi complexes per unit of cytoplasmic volume in carcinomas from irradiated and nonirradiated patients (p < 0.01). In carcinomas obtained from irradiated urinary bladders, the Vv was 3.45 +/- 0.24% (mean +/- SE). In contrast, the Vv was 0.98 +/- 0.15% for tumors in the nonirradiated group. Sv values were 1.51 +/- 0.09 microm2/microm3 in carcinomas from irradiated bladders, and in the nonirradiated group, the mean Sv was 0.76 +/- 0.07 microm2/microm3. These results support the hypothesis that therapeutic irradiation to the urinary bladder induces hyperplasia of Golgi complexes.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Summation effect of uracil on the two-stage and multistage models of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in F344 rats initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

Uracil is known to cause reversible urolithiasis and to induce papillomatosis in the urinary bladder of F344 rats. We examined whether the marked urothelial cell proliferation caused by uracil, given in the middle of the post-initiation stages, enhances the promoting activity of a promoter in the two-stage model or the promoting and/or carcinogenic activity of a low-dose carcinogen in the multistage model of urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Rats were initiated with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 4 weeks, and then 2% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or 0.002% N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) were given during experimental weeks 4-9 and weeks 12-20. Uracil was given during weeks 9-12 at a level of 3% of the diet. Rats in the control group were treated with BBN and uracil. Rats were killed at weeks 16 and 20. At week 16, higher occurrences of papillary or nodular (PN) hyperplasia and papilloma were observed in uracil-BHA-treated rats than in the controls. At week 20, significantly higher incidences of PN hyperplasia and papilloma were observed in both uracil-EHBN- and uracil-BHA-treated groups, and a summation effect of uracil was observed. These results indicate that uracil given in the middle of the post-initiation stage enhanced the promoting activity of the compound through marked proliferation of the bladder epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Water and nonelectrolyte permeabilities of apical membranes of toad urinary bladder granular cells.

Certain types of epithelial cells such as those lining the toad urinary bladder have been classified as "tight" because their apical membranes exhibit low permeabilities to water, ions, and small nonelectrolytes. However, the permeability properties and structural features of these specialized apical membranes remain unclear because these membranes have never been purified. To isolate toad bladder granular cell apical membranes, we derivatized the bladder apical surface with the membrane-impermeant bifunctional reagent N-hydroxysulfosuccinimydyl-S,S-biotin (NHS-SS-biotin). After cell disruption, these derivatized apical membranes were purified using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads in a magnetic field. With the use of lactoperoxidase-mediated radioiodination as a marker for apical membrane, this preparative procedure purified apical membrane 48- or 72-fold as compared with homogenate. Thin section electron microscopy revealed unilamellar vesicles with some nonvesiculated membranes, while fragments of organelles such as mitochondria were absent. Water and nonelectrolyte permeabilities of purified apical membrane vesicles were similar to those obtained in intact bladders in the absence of antidiuretic hormone stimulation. The results demonstrate that isolated apical vesicles do not contain water channels and confirm the applicability of Overton's rule to the apical membrane of the toad urinary bladder. The technique has general applicability to isolation of other plasma membranes, and the apical membranes obtained are suitable for structural analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The superficial cells of the transitional epithelium in the expanded and unexpanded rat urinary bladder. Transmission and scanning electron-microscopic study.

The superficial epithelial layer in the urinary bladder of adult rats was examined, in various states, using the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the two methods. When the urinary bladder is unexpanded, the superficial cells show marked bulges into the bladder lumen and the contacts between cells (mainly desmosomes) are displaced deep into the epithelium. The luminal surface is bizarrely bent and large parts of the membrane intrude into the cytoplasm, where they give the appearance of discoid and fusiform vesicles. Between neighboring cells, deep interdigitations are observed. In the scanning electron microscope, the surface of the epithelium appears cauliflower-like and has deep grooves, gullys and folds. When the bladder is expanded, the surface becomes smoother and the contacts between cells move to the surface. The stretched cells are angular in form (5-, 6- or 7-sided) and show great variations in surface area (150-500 mum2). The luminal cell membrane consists of an alternation of asymmetrical areas (120 A thick and 0.2-0.4 mum in length) with normal sections which are 80 A thick. In the scanning electron microscope, these thick areas appear as 4-, 5- or 6-sided plaques with a maximal diameter of 0.4 mum. The borders of the plaques are formed of portions of cell membrane which have a normal thickness and extrude as microcristae into the lumen. This produces a honeycomb appearance on the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Administration of endocannabinoids prevents a referred hyperalgesia associated with inflammation of the urinary bladder.

BACKGROUND: Referred hyperalgesia to a somatopically appropriate superficial site is a cardinal symptom of visceral inflammatory pain and has been demonstrated after turpentine-induced urinary bladder inflammation in the rat. The authors examined the effect of the endocannabinoids anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide on the referred hyperalgesia associated with this model. METHODS: After measurement of baseline limb withdrawal latencies to a noxious heat stimulus, the bladders of 50 female Wistar rats were inflamed by intravesical administration of 0.5 ml 50% turpentine. Ten or 25 mg/kg of anandamide or palmitoylethanolamide or vehicle were administered immediately before introduction of turpentine. Antagonists to both the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors were coadministered with the higher dose of endocannabinoids. Latencies were recorded 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after removal of turpentine. The difference between forelimb and hind limb withdrawal latencies was plotted against time, and areas under these curves were compared. RESULTS: Inflammation of the urinary bladder was associated with a relative thermal hyperalgesia referred to the hind limb. Anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide attenuated this referred hyperalgesia at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg. The CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A reduced the antihyperalgesic effect of anandamide, but the CB2 antagonist SR144528 did not. Coadministration of SR141716A with palmitoylethanolamide did not affect the antihyperalgesic effect but was reduced by SR144528. CONCLUSIONS: Anandamide (via CB1 receptors) and palmitoylethanolamide (putatively via CB2 receptors) attenuated a referred hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent fashion. CB1 and CB2 receptors are strategically situated to influence the nerve growth factor-driven referred hyperalgesia associated with inflammation of the urinary bladder. These data implicate cannabinoids as a novel treatment for vesical pain.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic value of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein in urinary bladder cancer: immunohistochemical analysis of radical cystectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of tumour proliferation and p53 expression as a marker of survival in patients with urinary bladder cancer who undergo radical cystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from 31 patients (29 men and two women, mean age 66.0 years, range 46-80) with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who underwent radical cystectomy. The 31 formalin-fixed radical cystectomy specimens were stained immunohistochemically for Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein using MIB1 and p53 antibodies, respectively, and the results correlated with tumour grade, stages and prognosis. RESULTS: The Ki-67 index was significantly greater in high-grade tumours and in those overexpressing p53 (> 20% positive nuclei). Patients whose tumour samples had a high Ki-67 index (> 32%) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a lower index (P < 0.01). There was a similar correlation between Ki-67 index and prognosis in high-risk patients (grade 3 and pT3-4; P < 0.05). Although the associations between tumour grade, stage and p53 expression were not statistically significant, patients whose tumour samples overexpressed p53 had a lower survival rate (P < 0.05). No patients with tumours having a low Ki-67 and low p53 index (n = 14) died of urinary bladder cancer during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that immunohistochemical analyses for Ki-67 and p53 are useful prognostic indicators in patients with urinary bladder cancer who undergo radical cystectomy; the prognostic role of these markers was particularly important in high-risk (grade 3 and pT3-4) patients.

Aged↗