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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation by image analysis of metallothionein in copper-loaded rat kidney.

Kidneys of copper-loaded rats were investigated immunohistochemically with a directly peroxidase-conjugated monoclonal antibody against metallothionein (MT). By means of an image analyzing system the area and the staining intensity of MT immunoreactivity in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells were determined. In the present study we compared the data obtained by image analysis with analytically determined tissue copper and MT concentrations of rats fed a high-copper diet (1 g/kg) for 16 weeks and sacrificed sequentially during this period. Our results provide evidence that the area of MT immunoreactivity correlates significantly with tissue copper and MT concentrations. Both the copper and MT concentrations in kidney rose to a maximum at 8 weeks and remained constant thereafter. The observed rise in the staining intensity of MT in PCT cells to a maximum at 6 weeks, which subsequently declined, suggests a continuing redistribution of copper and MT in the kidneys even after a maximum of concentration copper and MT is reached in the tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Correlation of nucleolar organizer regions and nuclear morphometry assessed by automatic image analysis in breast cancer with aneuploidy, K167 immunostaining, histopathologic grade and lymph node involvement.

Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in human breast carcinoma were studied using a computer-assisted system of image analysis. Standardized, automatic measurements of 7 morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, shape factor, bend energy, angle, and small and large diameters) performed on paraffin sections and cell imprint were compared and correlated with nuclear morphometry, histopathological grading, tumor growth fraction, (monoclonal Ki67-immunostaining), DNA nuclear content (stoechiometric Feulgen staining) and axillary lymph node invasion. The major findings were as follows: (i) variations in AgNORs and nuclear parameters were correlated, (ii) the ratio of AgNOR area/nuclear area was significantly different in low and high grade tumors, (iii) mean AgNOR parameter values increased significantly with the tumor growth fraction and tumor hyperploidy and were significantly higher in patients with axillary lymph node metastases and (iv) AgNOR evaluation was more accurate for cell preparations than for tissue sections.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2002

[Research on stability of hemocompatibility of DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material using image analysis method].

The stability of hemocompatibility of Ti6Al4V alloy and DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has been studied. The platelet consumption ratio of Ti6Al4V alloy to DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has been measured respectively by digital image analysis method. It has been found that the platelet consumption ratio of Ti6Al4V alloy increased remarkedly about 50% after 2,000 m sliding tribological test under the lubrication of Hank's solution, while that of DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material almost didn't increase under the same condition, which means that the DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has better stability of hemocompatibility.

Alloys↗
PubMed2005

Teleconsultation and image analysis system in radiation induced thyroid cancer.

We consider the basic principles of telemedicine systems. The technical questions arising in development of telemedicine systems are discussed. The special attention is given to the Telemedicine System for Image Analysis and Consultation in Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer (TeSIAC) being developed now by the National Center of Information Resources and Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in collaboration with other medical institutions of Belarus.

Chernobyl Nuclear Accident↗
PubMed2000

Prediction of crude fat content of longissimus muscle of beef using the ratio of fat area calculated from computer image analysis: comparison of regression equations for prediction using different input devices at different stations.

Crude fat content of longissimus (ribeye) muscle of beef cattle was predicted from a ratio of fat area (RFA) to area of ribeye muscle calculated from computer image analysis (CIA). Cross sections of 64 ribeyes taken from the 6-7th rib from cattle at experiment station A and cross sections of 94 ribeyes taken from the 6-7th rib from cattle at Experiment Station B were used in this study. Slices (1 to 1.5 cm in thickness) of just the Longissimus dorsi were homogenized and sampled for chemical estimation of crude fat content using petroleum ether. Crude fat content as determined from chemical analysis was used as the true estimate of fat content. A CCD (charge-coupled device) camera was used as the input device at Experiment Station A, and a single-lens reflex camera was used at Experiment Station B to photograph ribeyes for CIA. The contour comparison method, which assigns a threshold value for each marbling particle, was used to obtain accurate binarization in this study. Minimum and maximum of chemical measurements of crude fat were 2.1 and 39.8%, and for CIA calculation of the RFA were 6.1 and 56.8%, respectively. This range covered almost the complete range of the beef marbling standard used in carcass grading in Japan. The equation for the regression of the crude fat content (Y) on RFA (X) calculated from CIA for all of the data was Y = .793X-3.04 with r2 = .96. Regression equations for prediction of crude fat percentage from RFA taking into consideration the effect of experiment station were Y = .741X-2.22 with r2 = .91 for Experiment Station A, and Y = .782X-2.54 with r2 = .91 for Experiment Station B. Analysis of covariance showed that the effects of experiment stations on intercepts and slopes were not significant (P > .10). The ranges of differences between actual and predicted crude fat content from the prediction equation that was calculated without consideration of the effect of station were -6.4 to 4.0%. CIA of cross sections of the ribeye muscle seems to have potential for prediction of crude fat content.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Graphical comparison of image analysis and laser diffraction particle size analysis data obtained from the measurements of nonspherical particle systems.

The purpose of this paper is to describe results from the use of a set of Excel macros written to facilitate the comparison of image analysis (IA) and laser diffraction (LD) particle size analysis (psa) data. Measurements were made on particle systems of differing morphological characteristics including differing average aspect ratios, particle size distribution widths and modalities. The IA and LD psa data were plotted on the same graph treating both the weighting and the size unit of the LD psa data as unknowns. Congruency of the IA and LD plots was considered to indicate successful experimental determination of the weighting and size unit .The weighting of the resulting LD psa data (so-called volume-weighted) is shown to be better correlated with IA area-weighted data. The size unit of LD psa data is shown to be a function of particle shape. In the case of high aspect ratio particles characterized by approximately rectangular faces the LD psa data is shown to be a function of multiple particle dimensions being related to IA size descriptors through a simple variation of the law of mixtures. The results demonstrate that successful correlations between IA and LD psa data can be realized in the case of non-spherical particle systems even in the case of high aspect ratio particles; however, the inappropriateness of the application of the Equivalent Spherical Volume Diameter and the Random Particle Orientation assumptions to the interpretation of the LD psa results must first be acknowledged. Correlation permits cross validation of IA and LD psa results increasing confidence in the accuracy of the data from each orthogonal technique.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Re-evaluating the AgNOR staining response in Triton X-100-treated liver cells by image analysis.

The response of liver cell nuclei to a variant of the AgNOR method, which includes a treatment with Triton X-100 prior to staining assumed to improve the quality of the AgNOR-positive images, was compared to that of the usual method by image analysis procedures. The objective was to determine whether Triton X-100 removes proteins from the nuclei to the point of affecting the AgNOR response. Statistically significant differences were not found in comparisons of a nuclear area/AgNOR-stained area ratio nor in the number of AgNOR-positive dots/aggregates. It was thus assumed that the Triton X-100 treatment did not remove nuclear proteins likely to affect the AgNOR response, though it induced a cleaner background and, consequently, a clearer contrast between the stained areas and the background.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An expert system for the early detection of melanoma using knowledge-based image analysis.

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer; however, nearly all patients can be saved and cured by early detection and prompt surgical treatment. It has been demonstrated that the major diagnostic and prognostic parameters of melanoma are the vertical thickness, three-dimensional (3D) size and shape, and color of the lesion. The other characteristic features of early melanoma are irregularities in the boundary of the lesion and the appearance of nonuniform pigmentation (with a variety of color). During early stages of development of the melanoma, the changes in these parameters are very difficult to assess since no good tool exists for measuring them in situ and analyzing them for malignancy. A novel optical instrument called the "Nevoscope" has been developed to obtain multiple views of the transilluminated skin lesion from several angles. These views have been used to measure the thickness and 3D size of the skin lesion without excision. A knowledge-based image analysis and interpretation system is being developed to analyze images of the skin lesion for a set of diagnostic and prognostic features: thickness, 3D size, color and margin, boundary and surface characteristics. This analysis combined with the patient's history, such as occurrence of melanoma or dysplastic nevi in the family, life style, skin type, etc., is used by the knowledge-based expert system to detect early or potentially malignant lesions. The diagnostic and prognostic knowledge bases for the early detection of melanoma are being developed with the help of expert dermatologists and published case studies.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer image analysis of pigmented skin lesions.

To assist in the distinction of melanoma from benign pigmented lesions, an imaging system was developed, comprising a frame grabber, a microcomputer, a colour video camera and flash lighting with red, green and infrared filters. Over an 18-month period, video images of 70 unselected pigmented lesions for which complete diagnostic data were available, were successfully captured using the camera. Analysis software extracted features relevant to the size, colour, shape and boundary of each lesion, and these features were correlated with clinical and histological characteristics on which standard diagnoses of skin tumours are based. For discriminant analysis based on image analysis measurements, equal probabilities were assigned to three specified diagnostic groups, namely melanoma, naevi and 'other', and four of five melanomas were correctly classified when infrared data were included. However when infrared measurements were omitted, all five melanomas were correctly classified, and the overall accuracy of classification of pigmented lesions was 71%. This system holds promise as an aid in the clinical distinction of melanoma from benign pigmented skin lesions.

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

MSight: an image analysis software for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Images obtained from high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS) contain information that remains hidden when looking at a single spectrum at a time. Image processing of liquid chromatography-MS datasets can be extremely useful for quality control, experimental monitoring and knowledge extraction. The importance of imaging in differential analysis of proteomic experiments has already been established through two-dimensional gels and can now be foreseen with MS images. We present MSight, a new software designed to construct and manipulate MS images, as well as to facilitate their analysis and comparison.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of histological preparations of laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma using image analysis].

At the present application of quantitative techniques in anatomopathologic studies is becoming more and more frequent, adding the possibility of numeric and quantitative evaluation. In this study the authors make a first attempt with one of these methods, the image analysis using conventional slides of epidermoid carcinomas from larynx.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

[The differential diagnosis of follicular adenomas and carcinomas in fine needle biopsies of the thyroid gland by means of automatic image analysis (author's transl)].

Problems in discriminating follicular adenomas from carcinomas in fine needle biopsy material of the thyroid gland by means of conventional microscopy led us to perform morphometric analyses. Applying a microscopic image analysis system for automatically recording of smears of the thyroid gland that were obtained from fine needle biopsies, it seemed possible to analyse "follicular neoplasias". However, in order to get statistical assurance, a larger number of samples remains to be investigated. The usefulness of the method is to be confirmed by its routine application.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of photocoagulation on retinal mean circulation time in proliferative diabetic retinopathy by use of fluorescein video angiography and image analysis system].

The effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on mean circulation time (MCT) was investigated in a main nasal superior artery and vein of 13 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, using fluorescein video angiography and an image analysis system. MCT before photocoagulation averaged 5.67 +/- 1.40 seconds. Two weeks after PRP, MCT averaged 4.29 +/- 0.89 sec., one month after, 4.29 +/- 0.88 sec., three months after, 4.03 +/- 0.86 sec., and six months after, 3.61 +/- 0.31 sec. The MCTs after PRP were shorter than MCT before PRP (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that MCTs in proliferative diabetic retinopathy shortened soon after PRP.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Correlation of histology, cytogenetics and proliferation fraction (Ki-67 and PCNA) quantitated by image analysis in meningiomas.

Sixty meningiomas were classified histologically according to the WHO criteria and analyzed cytogenetically. The Ki-67 and PCNA proliferation fractions (PRFs) were assessed by immunhistochemistry. The staining results were quantified by TV-image analysis (Miamed, Leica, Germany). Within meningiomas of WHO-grade II/III and those with complete or partial deletion of # 1p, we found a significantly higher mean and maximal Ki-67 PRFs than in those of WHO-grade I and those with all other karyotypes. This was not the case for PCNA PRFs. No differences in PRFs were detectable between histological subtypes. Although these results were obtained after measurement of five high power fields (HPFs) only, the heterogeneity of PRF distribution within the tumors was high. Even after the measurement of 100 HPFs, the 95% confidence intervals were in a range of 18% to 34.3% PRF. This finding seems to be responsible for the moderate interobserver reproducibility of image analytical determination of PRF (r = 0.74). Nevertheless, there was a good correlation between subjective and objective image analytical assessment of PRF (r = 0.83). The significance of the maximum Ki-67 PRF per specimen implies the possibility of selecting those areas which show the highest fraction of positively stained nuclei for measurement, avoiding the problem of intraslide heterogeneity. Thus the time needed for image analytical quantification may be reduced.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1978

Disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle. A morphometric study using image analysis.

A morphometric study of disuse atrophy was done on the rat anterior tibilalis muscle over a 13-day period after immobilization of the hind leg by pinning the knee and ankle joints. Cross-sectional areas of individual muscle fibers were measured using image analysis, a new and precise technique. Three types of muscle fibers, light, medium and dark, were defined using a modified myosin-ATPase reaction on cryostat-cut sections. Each of the 3 fiber types was found to show a degree and time course of atrophy unique to itself. At the 0.01 confidence level, the dark fibers (with strongest ATPase reaction) did not shrink significantly. Both the light (ATPase negative) and medium fiber did show significant atrophy at that level; the light shrinking more than the medium. Simple visualization of the light microscopic images was often found to be misleading. Thus, the need was documented for a precise technique for analysis of fiber size distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging analysis of human oocytes and first polar bodies.

We investigated the frequencies of abnormalities involving either chromosome 1, 16, 18, or 21 in failed-fertilized human oocytes. Although abnormalities involving chromosome 16 showed an age-dependent increase, results for the other chromosomes did not show statistically significant differences among the three age groups, <35 years, 35-39 years, and >39 years. The scoring of four chromosomes is likely to underestimate the true rate of aneuploid cells. Therefore, for a pilot study investigating a more-comprehensive analysis of oocytes and their corresponding first polar bodies, we developed a novel eight-probe chromosome enumeration scheme using fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Periodontal bone loss in Chinese subjects with untreated early-onset and adult periodontitis: a cross-sectional study using digital scanning radiographic image analysis.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the differences in radiographic alveolar bone loss (RABL) in Taiwanese subjects with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and adult periodontitis (AP) using the digital scanning radiographic image analysis (DSRIA). A total of 4,262 teeth from 178 individuals (96 males and 82 females) were examined for RABL due to EOP and AP. The subjects with EOP and a comparison group with AP were identified from the Periodontal Clinic population (College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University). The following criteria were used to classify subjects with EOP and AP during the past 20 years. The RABL of teeth were calculated using a computer system equipped with Microstation 95 software, under 10 X magnification of the radiographs. Quantity assessment of RABL using the DSRIA showed that: (1) the means of RABL of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth in the EOP group were significant greater than those in the AP group when the two sample t-test was used. (2) The greatest values of mean RABL of affected sites in the EOP group occurred most commonly in the first molars and mandibular incisors, whereas, in the AP group, the greatest values of mean RABL of affected sites occurred most commonly in the first and second molars. (3) Molars had the greatest mean RABL followed by incisors, premolars and canines. (4) The mean RABL increased with increasing age. We conclude that the features of naturally progressing alveolar bone loss at the molar and incisor sites in untreated subjects with the EOP and AP revealed that the mean RABL in the EOP group was faster and greater than that in the AP group.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Towards on-line quantification of flocs and filaments by means of image analysis for optimization and control of activated sludge plants.

One of the main reasons for failing of the sedimentation process in activated sludge waste water treatment systems is filamentous bulking. This is a problem of world-wide nature that occurs when the ratio of filamentous to floc forming bacteria is too large. A fully automatic image analysis method for recognizing flocs and filaments in an activated sludge sample is presented. Computer generated images of flocs and filaments, as well as images of activated sludge, are used to assess the capability of simple shape descriptors to distinguish between flocs and filaments. Five different shape descriptors are scrutinized, three of which are derived from size descriptors, namely, the aspect ratio, the roundness, and the form factor. The fractal dimension and the reduced radius of gyration complete the list. The results yield that the form factor is the least suitable and the reduced radius of gyration is the most suitable shape descriptor to accurately identify flocs and filaments in a random activated sludge sample. Based on this, the ratio of flocs to filaments can be estimated automatically. Furthermore, it is proposed that by combining this information with a total biomass concentration measurement, the individual concentrations of flocs and filaments can be determined. Consequently, the method presented may form the basis for a sensor that acts as an early warning system for filamentous bulking.

Beer↗