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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Chest X-ray in collagen vascular diseases. A comparison of chest X-ray with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial forceps biopsy.

The diagnostic value of chest X-ray following the ILO standards was compared with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the histology of transbronchial forceps biopsy in 83 patients with collagen vascular diseases. BAL in the middle lobe was considered abnormal in case of increased cell count per milliliter and/or lymphocytosis and/or neutrophil granulocytosis and this was found in 32 out of 42 cases (76.2%) with, and in 33 of out 41 cases (80.5%) without abnormal radiological finding. Pathological changes in the histology were found in 14 out of 20 cases (70.0%) with and in 40 out of 63 cases (63.5%) without abnormal chest X-ray in the upper lobe from which the transbronchial forceps biopsy specimens were obtained. In histological specimens obtained from transbronchial forceps biopsy, only fibrosis correlated with abnormal radiological findings in this region. Other inflammatory processes defied prediction by chest X-ray. This suggests that, regardless of chest X-ray findings, BAL should be performed together with transbronchial forceps biopsy for the histological examination of patients with collagen vascular diseases in which interstitial lung involvement is suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Effects of adipocyte-derived cytokines on endothelial functions: implication of vascular disease.

Adipose tissue has recently emerged as an active endocrine organ that secretes a variety of metabolically important substances, collectively called adipocytokines or adipokines. In this review we summarize the effects of the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin on the vasculature and their potential role for pathogenesis of vascular disease. Leptin is associated with arterial wall thickness, decreased vessel distensibility, and elevated C reactive protein (CRP) levels. Leptin possesses procoagulant and antifibrinolytic properties, and it promotes thrombus and atheroma formation, probably through the leptin receptors by promoting vascular inflammation, proliferation, and calcification, and by increasing oxidative stress. Research for development of pharmacologic antagonism for the leptin receptor is currently under way. Adiponectin inhibits the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P selectin. Therefore, it interferes with monocyte adherence to endothelial cells and their subsequent migration to the subendothelial space, one of the initial events in the development of atherosclerosis. Adiponectin also inhibits the transformation of macrophages to foam cells in vitro and decreases their phagocytic activity. Resistin, discovered in 2001, represents the newest of the adipokines and was named for its ability to promote insulin resistance. Resistin increases the expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, up-regulates the monocyte chemoattractant chemokine-1, and promotes endothelial cell activation via ET-1 release. Although many aspects of its function need further clarification, it appears that resistin will add significantly to our knowledge of the pathophysiology of vascular disease and the metabolic syndrome.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed2000

Inducible expression of basic transcription factor-binding protein 2 (BTEB2), a member of zinc finger family of transcription factors, in cardiac allograft vascular disease.

BACKGROUND: We have recently identified basic transcription factor-binding protein 2 (BTEB2), which is involved in phenotypic modulation of vascular vascular smooth muscle cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of BTEB2 in cardiac allograft vascular disease. METHODS: Heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed in rats. All grafts were stained with antibodies against for BTEB2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 for immunohistochemical study. The intensity of BTEB2 expression was also calculated. RESULTS: In the allografts at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, smooth muscle cells were positive for BTEB2 in the diffusely thickened coronary arteries and the perivascular space. BTEB2 expression was closely associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression. The BTEB2 expression score was significantly higher in the allografts compared with the isografts. CONCLUSIONS: The induced expression of BTEB2 may play a potential role in the development of the cardiac allograft vascular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Peripheral vascular disease in a middle-aged population sample. The Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study.

Peripheral artery status and prevalence of peripheral vascular disease were studied in a sample of 1,036 men and 556 women, residents of Jerusalem. Ankle blood pressures determined by the Doppler ultrasound technique (Parks Electronic Lab, USA), were higher in men than in women and increased with age. In a multivariable regression analysis, systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol levels were significantly and inversely related to the ankle/arm blood pressure in men, and alcohol intake was inversely associated in women. The prevalence of peripheral vascular disease, as determined by symptoms of intermittent claudication, was 1.3% in men and 1.8% in women; absent pedal pulses were found in 1.1% of the men and in 2.0% of the women; leg pain on the treadmill was a reason for termination of exercise in 3.7% of the men and in 5.4% of the women and an ankle/arm blood pressure ratio of less than 0.90 in 4.2% of the men and in 5.4% of the women. The overlapping of the diagnostic criteria was low. No consistent determinants of the various measures of peripheral vascular status were found. In multivariable logistic models, cigarette smoking was significantly associated with intermittent claudication [Odd ratio (OR) = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 7.26], age was associated with leg pain on the treadmill (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.40 in men and OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.52 to 8.16 in women), body mass index was associated with absent and diminished pulses in women (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.42, systolic blood pressure was associated with an ankle/arm ratio of less than 0.90 in men (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.81), and glucose was associated with absent and diminished pulses in women (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.44).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Transluminal atherectomy for occlusive peripheral vascular disease.

Sixty-one patients with occlusive peripheral vascular disease were treated with transluminal atherectomy, a catheter-mediated technique for removal of atheroma. The technique was performed using 7Fr, 9Fr or 11Fr atherectomy catheters. Mean percent diameter stenosis was reduced from 71 to 23%, by removal of 831 atheromatous specimens in 949 passes of the cutting element through 136 stenoses in 61 patients. All specimens removed were sent for histopathologic examination to determine the components of the atheroma removed, which differed for specimens removed from original vs restenotic lesions. Percent stenosis was reduced to less than 45% in 118 of 136 stenoses (87%). Complications included 1 thrombus, which resolved after intraarterial infusion of streptokinase and 1 probable distal embolization without sequelae. Three angiographic dissections occurred without impairment of blood flow. There were no instances of acute occlusion, vascular spasm or vessel perforation. Six-month follow-up angiography was performed showing that patients who had a residual stenosis less than 30% after initial atherectomy had a lower restenosis rate (18%) than patients with initial residual stenoses greater than 30% (52%); this result demonstrated the importance of performing more complete atherectomy. Transluminal atherectomy appears to be an effective, predictable and safe method for removing occlusive atheromatous deposits from peripheral arteries.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗