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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Comparison of Olympic vs. traditional power lifting training programs in football players.

Twenty members of an National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III collegiate football team were assigned to either an Olympic lifting (OL) group or power lifting (PL) group. Each group was matched by position and trained 4-days.wk(-1) for 15 weeks. Testing consisted of field tests to evaluate strength (1RM squat and bench press), 40-yard sprint, agility, vertical jump height (VJ), and vertical jump power (VJP). No significant pre- to posttraining differences were observed in 1RM bench press, 40-yard sprint, agility, VJ or in VJP in either group. Significant improvements were seen in 1RM squat in both the OL and PL groups. After log10-transformation, OL were observed to have a significantly greater improvement in Delta VJ than PL. Despite an 18% greater improvement in 1RM squat (p > 0.05), and a twofold greater improvement (p > 0.05) in 40-yard sprint time by OL, no further significant group differences were seen. Results suggest that OL can provide a significant advantage over PL in vertical jump performance changes.

Football↗
PubMed1987

The utilization of cross-sectional anatomy in a surgical residency training program.

The education of students and residents in a surgical department involves a thorough knowledge of three-dimensional anatomical relationships in the body. In addition, the advances in new imaging modalities demand an in-depth study of cross-sectional anatomy by both students and residents. Traditionally, surgical training incorporated dissections of cadavers and the progressive involvement of the resident in the surgical theater. At the King/Drew Medical Center cross-sectional anatomy has been incorporated into the teaching program. The central focus of this instructional program utilizes problem-solving learning modules that emphasize important surgical and anatomical principles.LEARNING MODULES FOR EACH MAJOR REGION OF THE BODY WERE ESTABLISHED AND INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (1) serial cross sections, corresponding computerized tomographic scans and roentgenograms; (2) an atlas (cross sections), case histories, and examination questions; and (3) audiovisual presentation of the normal anatomy, the surgical principles involved, and a discussion of the examination questions. The serial cross sections were prepared at the King/Drew Medical Center.A selected case study is used to illustrate how the knowledge of three-dimensional anatomy can be critical in the evaluation and surgical plan of a patient. Entire learning modules of the thorax and abdomen were used.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Morphology of immobilized skeletal muscle and the effects of a pre- and postimmobilization training program.

The hind limbs of mice were immobilized with plaster cast for different periods of time, and the atrophy of the anterior tibial muscle was examined by measuring fiber cross sections. In a second series of experiments, mice were trained on a treadmill before and after immobilization. The most pronounced decrease in fiber diameters was observed during the 1st week; during prolonged immobilization, only a moderate atrophy occurred. Red fibers were found to be more susceptible to immobilization atrophy than white fibers. The ultrastructural observations extended to loss and fragmentation of myofibrils, mitochondria, and the sarcotubular system. Some fibers split and appeared to undergo segmental necrosis, which was followed by invasion of leucocytes into the muscle. Still while immobilized, the muscles exhibited a regenerative capacity; satellite cells differentiated to myoblasts, which fused to myotubes, being the precursors of new muscle fibers. This was already observed during the 1st week of immobilization. The effect of training after immobilization was documented by an increase of fiber diameters. The ultrastructural alterations, however, in these muscles were severe; it was concluded that a postimmobilization training has to be undertaken very carefully. When the muscles were trained before immobilization, the atrophy was almost negligible. A preimmobilization training can probably prevent the muscle from developing severe atrophy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adapted exercise important after stroke. Acute and long-term effects of different training programs].

Following stroke, persons experience deficits in motor control, reduced muscle strength, disuse atrophy, reduced cardiovascular fitness and elevated energy expenditure during locomotion. Recent exercise studies with few subjects, report beneficial outcomes after strength and low intensity aerobic exercise training. Progressive strength and aerobic exercise programmes from 3 to 6 months produced gains in functional recovery and health-related functional status such as motor function, peak isokinetic torque, balance, endurance, peak aerobic capacity and overall fitness without exacerbating spasticity. Increased access to community-based physical activity programmes is recommended to prevent deconditioning and to improve health related quality of life in persons after stroke. Well-functioning rehabilitation from acute care, through special rehabilitation units to community-based physical activity programmes is important.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed2002

A training program in portable fluoroscopy for the detection of glass in soft tissues.

OBJECTIVES: The role of emergency department (ED) bedside fluoroscopy is incompletely defined. One potential application is the evaluation of glass foreign bodies (GFBs). We studied the effect of a training intervention on the ability of emergency physicians to detect GFBs in an established chicken leg model. We also studied performance one week after training. METHODS: Assessment of this teaching intervention involved nine emergency medicine residents with minimal prior hands-on fluoroscopy experience. Zero, one, or two clear glass shards no larger than 1.0 mm in any dimension were inserted into fresh chicken legs. Each subject scanned 12 to 15 legs without being given any feedback to determine baseline accuracy. Next, 27 to 30 more legs were immediately scanned with feedback given after each response. Subjects scanned 15 more legs one week later without feedback as follow-up. Data were analyzed using mixed-model analysis of variance. RESULTS: At baseline, overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.40 and 0.61, respectively. At follow-up, sensitivity and specificity were 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Subjects were significantly more accurate during training and follow-up than at baseline. This level of proficiency reached during training was maintained and continued to improve one week later. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medicine residents previously inexperienced in fluoroscopy may, through a brief training intervention, acquire the skill to accurately detect small pieces of glass in a chicken leg model, and maintain proficiency one week later. Further studies of emergency department fluoroscopy in GFB management in humans are warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American Association for Thoracic Surgery off-pump training program.

BACKGROUND: Opportunities to acquire knowledge and skills in new technology are limited for cardiothoracic surgeons after completion of residency. In 2000 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American Association for Thoracic Surgery Joint Committee for New Technology Assessment accepted an educational grant from the Foundation for Advanced Medical Education to implement and test an instructional program for practicing cardiothoracic surgeons in off-pump coronary bypass surgery. METHODS: Twenty-four surgeons were selected for participation. Instruction was provided in three phases: (1) a preliminary video illustrating the techniques; (2) 2-day training sessions at two separate locations linked by videoconference; and (3) visits by trainees to observe preceptor surgeons at their institutions, followed by visits of preceptor surgeons to the institutions of the trainees. Evaluation of the program was made by review of trainee case lists in the year after completion of the program and by written surveys completed by trainees and preceptors. RESULTS: Seventeen surgeons completed all phases of the program. Most of them reported frequently utilizing off-pump bypass surgery in practice with good results. Two surgeons dropped out of the program before the first phase, and 5 surgeons did not complete all preceptor visits. Most survey respondents commented that the program met or exceeded their expectations. CONCLUSIONS: Some trainees were unable to complete proctor visits because of professional responsibilities at home or because of difficulty in advanced scheduling of procedures. More rigorous selection and stronger administrative controls might have reduced program dropouts. The instructional model worked extremely well for properly selected and motivated surgeons.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2004

Choice of vascular surgery as a specialty: survey of vascular surgery residents, general surgery chief residents, and medical students at hospitals with vascular surgery training programs.

PURPOSE: Under the direction of the Association of Program Directors in Vascular Surgery, a survey was mailed to vascular surgery residents (VSRs), general surgery chief residents (GS-CRs), and fourth-year medical students (MSs) to better define reasons why trainees do and do not choose vascular surgery as a career. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to all accredited VSR programs and their associated GS programs in the United States and Canada in 2001 (survey 1) and in 2003 (survey 2) and to 2 medical schools with VSR programs in 2001. A total of 197 VSRs, 169 GS-CRs, and 78 MSs responded (overall program response rate of 78% for VSRs, 46% for GSRs, 20% for MSs). A scoring system was assigned, with 1.0 the least important and 5.0 the most important reasons to choose or not choose vascular surgery. RESULTS: Technical aspects, role of mentors, and complex decision making involved in vascular surgery were the most important reasons that VSRs, GS-CRs, and MSs would choose vascular surgery as a specialty (average scores > or =4.0 for VSRs and GS-CRs; > or =3.5 for MSs). Responses of GS-CRs and VSRs did not vary significantly between surveys 1 and 2, except endovascular capabilities of vascular surgeons had a more important role in choosing vascular surgery, and future loss of patients to other interventionalists had a more important role in not choosing this specialty in the more recent survey of GS-CRs and VSRs. MSs identified lifestyle as a surgical resident (4.3) and as a surgeon (4.2) as the most important negative factors. A training paradigm consisting of 4 years general surgery + 2 years vascular surgery with a GS certificate was favored by 64% of GS-CRs and 48% of VSRs, compared with a paradigm of 5 years + 2 years with a general surgery certificate, which was favored by 29% of GS-CRs and 25% of VSRs, or 3 years + 3 years without a general surgery certificate, favored by 7% of GS-CRs and 27% of VSRs. Of note, 86% of MSs favored 3 years general surgery + 3 years vascular surgery or 2 years general surgery + 4 years vascular surgery compared with longer general surgery training periods. CONCLUSION: These findings may help vascular surgery program directors devise strategies to attract future trainees. The importance of mentorship to general surgery junior residents and medical students in choosing vascular surgery cannot be overestimated. Endovascular capabilities of vascular surgeons have an increasingly positive role in career choice by GS-CRs and VSRs, but these residents express increasing concerns about potential loss of patients to other specialists. Lifestyle concerns are the most important reasons why medical students do not choose vascular surgery as a career.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the training program "OBELDICKS" for obese children and adolescents].

UNLABELLED: The evaluation of treatment programs in obese children and adolescents is uncommon but necessary to prove effectiveness and to improve treatment modalities. We studied the effectiveness of the a one-year structured outpatient training programme "OBELDICKS" consisting of physical exercise, nutrition education and behaviour therapy in 132 participants based on the criterions developed by the Institute of Medicine and German Obesity Group (degree of weight reduction, improvement of comorbidity and health behaviour, minimising of side effects). Furthermore, we analysed degree of overweight (SDS-BMI) two years after the end of the outpatient training (n = 60). - 74 % of participants reduced their overweight (intention to treat). The mean reduction of SDS-BMI was 0.43. 34 % of the participants was not obese any more at end of the training. The degree of overweight was significantly (p < 0.001) lower two years after intervention compared to baseline. The comorbidity was improved (significant reduction of the frequencies of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia). The nutrition, exercise and eating habits (cognitive control and disinhibition of control) were significantly improved. Side effects were not found. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness based on the criterions of the Institute of Medicine and the German Obesity Group was proven for the outpatient training "OBELDICKS". Long-term weight reduction can be achieved in most of the obese participating children due to this long-term, specialised treatment.

Adolescent↗