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PubMed2002

Decolorization of synthetic textile dyes by lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Neem hull waste (containing a high amount of lignin and other phenolic compounds) was used for lignin peroxidase production by Phanerochaete chrysosporum under solid-state fermentation conditions. Maximum decolorization achieved by partially purified lignin peroxidase was 80% for Porocion Brilliant Blue HGR, 83 for Ranocid Fast Blue, 70 for Acid Red 119 and 61 for Navidol Fast Black MSRL. The effects of different concentrations of veratryl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, enzyme and dye on the efficiency of decolorization have been investigated. Maximum decolorization efficiency was observed at 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide, 2.5 mmol/L veratryl alcohol and pH 5.0 after a 1-h reaction, using 50 ppm of dyes and 9.96 mkat/L of enzyme.

Azadirachta↗
PubMed1998

N,N-dimethylformamide--influence of working conditions and skin penetration on the internal exposure of workers in synthetic textile production.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the external and internal exposure to the solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) of 126 workers from a factory producing synthetic fibers. METHODS: Air measurements were carried out using personal air samplers with diffusion tubes (Drager, ORSA 5). For the purpose of biological monitoring the levels of N-methylformamide (NMF) in urine were measured in preshift and postshift samples. Determinations were carried out using gas chromatography. Anamnestic data were collected with standardized questionnaires, including personal data, working history and current working conditions, and former and current illness with regard to the effects of DMF. Skin diseases were documented by a dermatologist. RESULTS: DMF concentrations measured in the air ranged between <0.1 and 37.9 ppm (median 1.2 ppm). Concentrations of NMF varied from 0.05 to 22.0 mg/l (preshift values) and from 0.9 to 100.0 mg/l (postshift values). The creatinine-related values (0.02-44.6 mg/g preshift; 0.4-62.3 postshift) were subject to less variation and therefore represented the level of exposure better than the values related to volume. Additional investigation of a subcollective (n=31) over a period of 4 days showed that NMF did not accumulate in the organism. The positive but relatively weak association observed between the DMF concentrations measured in the workplace air and the values recorded for internal exposure in this study can be explained by influencing factors such as dermal absorption or protective clothing. Interindividual differences in internal exposure were found for the specific work areas. The German BAT value (15 mg NMF/l urine) was exceeded in 36 persons (29%) despite the use of breathing protection and protective gloves, without increased values being measured in the air. Increased absorption without higher-level exposure could particularly also be observed in employees with eczema. CONCLUSIONS: From the point of view of the prevention of disease, biological monitoring is the best instrument for exposure assessment of workers exposed to DMF.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Decolourisation of reactive textile dyes Drimarene Blue X3LR and Remazol Brilliant Blue R by Funalia trogii ATCC 200800.

Decolourisation of reactive dyes Drimarene Blue X3LR and Remazol Brilliant Blue R by white rot fungi Funalia trogii was studied under static conditions. The effect of various conditions such as mycelial age, initial dye and glucose concentrations on decolourisation were also investigated. Decolourisation activity of F. trogii was compared with Phanerochaete chrysosporium known as test microorganism. It was found that 7-day-old cultures were more effective than 5-day-old cultures of F. trogii for decolourisation of these dyes. Decolourisations by F. trogii of both dyes were increased with glucose concentration decreasing. In contrast, decolourisations by P. chrysosporium were decreased. F. trogii decolourised 92-98% of both dyes within 4-10 h. However, P. chrysosporium partiallydecolourised (11-20%) these dyes during 10 days incubation period under the same conditions.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed2006

On the performance of Fe and Fe,F doped Ti-Pt/PbO2 electrodes in the electrooxidation of the Blue Reactive 19 dye in simulated textile wastewater.

The electrochemical performance of pure Ti-Pt/beta-PbO2 electrodes, or doped with Fe and F (together or separately), in the oxidation of simulated wastewaters containing the Blue Reactive 19 dye (BR-19), using a filter-press reactor, was investigated and then compared with that of a boron-doped diamond electrode supported on a niobium substrate (Nb/BDD). The electrooxidation of the dye simulated wastewater (volume of 0.1 l, with a BR-19 initial concentration of 25 mg l(-1)) was carried out under the following conditions: current density of 50 mA cm(-2), volume flow rate of 2.4 l h(-1), temperature of 25 degrees C and electrode area of 5 cm2. The performances of the electrodes in the dye decolorization were quite similar, achieving 100% decolorization, and in some cases 90% decolorization was achieved by applying only ca. 0.3 A h l(-1) (8 min of electrolysis). The reduction of the simulated wastewater organic load, monitored by its total organic carbon content (TOC), was greater for the Ti-Pt/beta-PbO2-Fe,F electrode obtained from an electrodeposition bath containing 1 mM Fe3+ and 30 mM F-. In this case, after 2 h of electrolysis the obtained TOC reduction was 95%, while for the pure beta-PbO2 and the Nb/BDD electrodes the reductions were 84% and 82%, respectively.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2006

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye X-3B using polyoxometalate-TiO2 hybrid materials.

Titanium dioxide functionalized with Keggin type polyoxometalate (POMs) [X(n+)W(12)O(40)]((8-n)-) (XW(12); X(n+)=P(5+), Si(4+), Ge(4+)) were prepared by sol-gel method. The Keggin structure and dispersion state of POMs were monitored by FT-IR and XRD. The composites showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO(2), pure POMs or mechanical mixture of TiO(2) and POMs for X-3B degradation. Among the three POMs-TiO(2) hybrid materials, the reactivity was: PW(12)>SiW(12)>GeW(12). With different loading weights for the same POMs, the reactivity followed the order: 30wt.%>15wt.%>45wt.%.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Case study of the sonochemical decolouration of textile azo dye Reactive Black 5.

The decolouration and mineralization of reactive dye C.I. Reactive Black 5, a well-known representative of non-biodegradable azo dyes, by means of ultrasonic irradiation at 20, 279 and 817kHz has been investigated with emphasis on the effect of various parameters on decolouration and degradation efficiency. Characterization of the used ultrasound systems was performed using calorimetric measurements and oxidative species monitoring using Fricke and iodine dosimeter. Experiments were carried out with low frequency probe type, and a high-frequency plate type transducer at 50, 100 and 150W of acoustic power and within the 5-300mg/L initial dye concentration range. Decolouration, as well as radical production, increased with increasing frequency, acoustic power, and irradiation time. Any increase in initial dye concentration results in decreased decolouration rates. Sonochemical decolouration was substantially depressed by the addition of 2-methyl-2-propanol as a radical scavenger, which suggests radical-induced reactions in the solution. Acute toxicity to marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri was tested before and after ultrasound irradiation. Under the conditions employed in this study, no toxic compounds were detected after 6h of irradiation. Mineralization of the dye was followed by TOC measurements. Relatively low degradation efficiency (50% after 6h of treatment) indicates that ultrasound is rather inefficient in overall degradation, when used alone.

Aliivibrio fischeri↗
PubMed2006

Biosorption of benzidine based textile dyes "Direct Blue 1 and Direct Red 128" using native and heat-treated biomass of Trametes versicolor.

The capacities and mechanisms of native and heat-treated white rot fungus "Trametes versicolor" biomass in removing of two different benzidine based dyes (i.e., Direct Blue 1, DB-1 and Direct Red 128, DR-128) from aqueous solution was investigated with different parameters, such as molecular weight of dye, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and ionic strength. In the batch system, the biosorption equilibrium time for both dyes was about 6h. The maximum biosorption was observed at pH 6.0 for DB-1 and at pH 3.0 for DR-128 on the native and heat-treated fungal biomass. The biosorption capacities of the native and heat-treated fungal biomass (at 800 mg/L dye concentration) were found to be 101.1 and 152.3 mg/g for DB-1 and these were 189.7 and 225.4 mg dye/g biomass for DR-128, respectively. The Freundlih and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium. The Freundlich and Temkin models were able to describe the biosorption equilibrium of DB-l and DR-128 on the native and heat-treated fungal preparations. The Freundlich model also showed that the small molecular weight dye (i.e., DR-128) had a higher affinity of adsorption that than of the higher molecular weight dye (i.e., DB-1). The dye biosorption on the fungal biomass preparations followed the second order kinetics model.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Textile analysis of heavy weight, mid-weight, and light weight polypropylene mesh in a porcine ventral hernia model.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the burst strength and stiffness of heavy weight (HW), mid-weight (MW), and light weight (LW) polypropylene mesh pre-implantation and 5 months post-implantation in a porcine ventral hernia model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HW (95 g/cm2), MW (45 g/cm2), and LW (28 g/cm2) polypropylene were tested as dry samples (n = 8/mesh) before implantation using a stamp strain machine. Three weeks after creating four hernia defects in each mini-pig (n = 18), the polypropylene meshes (8 x 10 cm; 24/mesh type) were implanted in the preperitoneal space, ensuring 2 cm overlap circumferentially. At 5 months, the mesh was harvested en bloc with the abdominal wall. Testing of burst strength and stiffness was repeated on the ex vivo specimens. RESULTS: After implantation in the pig for 5 months, the mean burst strength and stiffness of HW and MW meshes remains the same. LW mesh with an absorbable monofilament in its weave has significant reductions in mean burst strength (P = 0.01) and mean stiffness (P < 0.0001). The burst strength for all meshes tested was much higher than measured for the abdominal wall fascia alone. The degree of shrinkage of the various weight meshes did not differ. CONCLUSION: A reduction in mean burst strength and stiffness occurs after 5 months implantation of LW polypropylene mesh with an absorbable monofilament. All meshes exhibited burst strengths that were much greater than the burst strength of the abdominal wall fascia alone. After tissue incorporation, the LW polypropylene mesh maintains mean burst strength comparable to MW polypropylene mesh, while becoming less stiff than HW mesh. Long-term, this may contribute to more physiological abdominal wall compliance after LW polypropylene mesh implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Individual and combined effects of ultrasound, ozone and UV irradiation: a case study with textile dyes.

Comparative degradation of azo dyes by 520 kHz ultrasonic irradiation and its combinations with ozone and/or ultraviolet light (UV) was investigated using a probe dye C.I. Acid Orange 7. Operation parameters such as ultrasonic power density, ozone flow, UV intensity, and type and injection mode of the bubbling gas were optimized based on the rate of absorption decay in the visible and UV bands as estimated by regression analysis of absorption-time data. At equivalent initial dye concentrations and contact times, individual effects of UV irradiation, ultrasound and ozone were "no effect", "bleaching", and "bleaching/organic carbon degradation", respectively. UV irradiation, however, was found to induce a catalytic effect when applied in combination with either ultrasound or ozone schemes; and the overall degradation process was most rapid under simultaneous operation of the three in the presence of a continuous flow of a gas mixture made of argon and oxygen. The synergy observed in combined schemes was attributed to enhanced ozone diffusion by mechanical effects of ultrasound, and the photolysis of ultrasound-generated H(2)O(2) to produce hydroxyl radicals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Immobilization of catalases from Bacillus SF on alumina for the treatment of textile bleaching effluents.

A catalase preparation from a newly isolated Bacillus sp. was covalently immobilized on silanized alumina using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The effect of the coupling time of the enzyme-support reaction was determined in terms of protein recovery and immobilization yield and a certain balance point was found after which the activity recovery decreased. The activity profile of the immobilized catalase at high pH and temperature was investigated. The immobilized enzyme showed higher stabilities (214 h at pH 11, 30 degrees C) at alkaline pH than the free enzyme (10 h at pH 11, 30 degrees C). The immobilized catalase was inhibited by anionic stabilizers or surfactants added to the hydrogen peroxide substrate solution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Decolourisation of the textile dye Astrazon Red FBL by Funalia trogii pellets.

The effects of various conditions such as initial pH, dye concentrations, amount of pellet, temperature and agitation on decolourising activity of Funalia trogii were investigated. These, except initial pH, were all found to be important for dye decolourising activity of F. trogii. The decolourisation of the dye involved adsorption of the dye compound by fungal pellets at the initial stage, followed by the decolourisation through microbial metabolism. Heat-killed pellets were also tested for their ability to decolourise Astrazon Red dye. These pellets adsorbed the dye and 55% decolourisation was obtained in 24 h. But at the second cycle there was only 24% decolourisation. Our observation showed that Astrazon Red dye decolourisation by heat-killed pellets was mainly due to biosorption. The longevity of the decolourisation activity of F. trogii pellets was also investigated in repeated batch mode. Variations in the amount of pellet increased % decolourisation and stability of pellets.

Color↗