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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A comparison of oral hygiene status and dental caries in children on long term liquid oral medications to those not administered with such medications.

Young chronically ill children receive a greater sugar load from liquid medications than do healthy children. They receive variety of oral liquid medications that healthy children do not This study was planned to know the levels of oral hygiene and Dental caries in children on long term liquid oral medicines (LOM) and to know out if any difference existed between these and children not on LOM. 51 children on LOM were compared to 54 not on LOM after equalising for age, oral hygiene and diet intake. Highly significant difference was found for dmft and dmfs in 2-6 year age group and dmft+ DMFT for 6-13 years age group, mostly posterior teeth were affected and for this the difference was statistically significant in 2-6 year old children. Percentage of children with dmft>5 significantly increased in 2-6 years old children on LOM, when compared to that of control. Percentage of various grades of lesions (relating to the severity) also increased with an increase in the duration of LOM.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

The effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide home bleaching system on the gingival health.

Esthetics plays an important role in dentistry today. Because of an increased emphasis on beauty and health, cosmetic dentistry has been the thrust to the forefront of many practices. Many health products are used for bleaching teeth, but all side effects are not known. Tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation are the most common side effects, but they are typically mild and transient in nature. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate objectively the effect of 10% carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence Utradent Inc, USA) on gingival health by measuring changes in Bleeding Index, Plaque Index, and Gingival Index. Eighteen subjects, 11 female and 7 male, age range 15-30 years (mean 24 years), were selected for the study as a convenient sample. Their teeth had either fluorosis, dental stains, smoking, or tetracycline staining. The Opalescence system was used as office monitored, at-home bleaching for three weeks. There was a statistically significant reduction in bleeding on probing (1% - 37%, p < or = 0.003), Plaque Index (4% - 50%, p < or = 0.000), and Gingival Index (2.5% - 34%, p < or = 0.002). Only two subjects reported tooth hypersensitivity, and none of the subjects complained about gingival irritation. There was a positive change in tooth color as far as staining was concerned. Further research including randomized controlled, double blind clinical trials is needed to confirm these findings and to examine other factors related to bleaching of teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[The evaluation of color for the clinical application of thinner porcelain laminate restoration].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of the thinner porcelain laminate restoration, which is initiated in the West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University. METHODS: The color of 51 ceramic veneers was evaluated using the chromatic instrument and visual observation. RESULTS: Among factors affecting the clinical results of the porcelain laminate, the hue of ceramic materials and bond composites played a more important role than the dentition. The brightness of ceramic materials and bond composites were closely correlated with the whole restoration brightness. There was also a close correlation between the brightness and the bond composite. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory restoration results can be achieved by clinical application of thinner porcelain laminate.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of endemic fluorosis and tetracycline staining with macroabrasion and nightguard vital bleaching: a case report.

A patient, diagnosed with a combination of level 3 endemic dental fluorosis and degree 1 tetracycline staining, was treated sequentially by macroabrasion techniques and nightguard vital bleaching. Various pairings of diamond and carbide burs, abrasive disks, rotary polishing points, and diamond polishing pastes were tested to obtain the optimal combination for macroabrasion. This conservative treatment regimen produced results that were termed "excellent" by the patient and met the goals of the dentists.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Extended at-home bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide.

OBJECTIVE: The degree of color change and the dental sensitivity associated with the use of different concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) of carbamide peroxide every night for 6 months was evaluated in tetracycline-stained teeth. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Fifty-nine subjects were shown how to place two different concentrations of carbamide peroxide in the custom trays with reservoirs. For a period of 6 months, the patients were to insert the tray every evening before retiring. Patients returned in 1 and 2 weeks and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 months for evaluation of the degree of color change by subjective shade matching and by photographic means. Sensitivity of hard or soft tissues was self-reported. RESULTS: Fifty-two subjects attended more than 90% of the recalls. A colorimeter was used to convert shade guide tabs to Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color spaces (CIELAB). The most rapid whitening occurred in the first month. At 3 and 9 months, 91% and 85% of the subjects, respectively, were at least "a little pleased" with the results of the bleaching. In the professional evaluation, 90% of the teeth were deemed to have an excellent or satisfactory esthetic result. The higher the concentration of carbamide peroxide, the more rapidly the lightness value and color difference changed. There was no difference among the three concentrations in resulting gingival sensitivity. Patients experienced less tooth sensitivity with 10% gel than they did with 15% and 20% gels. CONCLUSION: Bleaching with 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide is effective for removing tooth staining caused by tetracycline. The 10% concentration has the most advantages and the fewest disadvantages.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of in-office and at-home bleaching treatments.

This three-month, single-blind clinical study compared two whitening treatments, at-home with 10% carbamide peroxide and in-office with 35% hydrogen peroxide, for the degree of color change of teeth, color relapse and tooth and gum sensitivity. The degree of color change and color relapse was evaluated by using a colorimeter, shade guide and color slide photography. Teeth and gum sensitivity were self-evaluated by the subjects, who recorded daily the tooth and gum sensitivity they experienced during the two weeks of treatment and one week post-treatment. A 14-day at-home treatment was compared with 60 minutes of in-office treatment (two appointments, each with three 10-minute applications). The at-home treatment produced significantly lighter teeth than the in-office treatment during all active-treatment periods and follow-up visits according to all three-color evaluation methods. Color relapse for both treatments stabilized by six weeks. At-home treatment resulted in statistically significant higher gum sensitivity than in-office treatment during the latter part of the first week. For tooth sensitivity there were no significant differences between the treatments. Eighty four percent of the subjects reported at-home treatment to be more effective and 16% found no difference between the treatments. There were no subjects who reported the in-office treatment to be superior in tooth whitening to the at-home treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral health status among the tobacco and betel nut chewers in the Kishore Ganj District of Bangladesh. A statistical study.

A survey was taken among the people of the Kishore Ganj District in Bangladesh regarding their mouth status. A deep analysis was made with respect to the most common habit prevalent among the people namely "Tobacco and Betel nut chewing". This habit is prevalent among both the men and women in that district. The oral manifestations of 780 people were studied in depth and the results noted.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effects of the sonicare toothbrush for specific indications.

The sonicare toothbrush has been shown to reduce plaque and gingivitis better than a manual toothbrush among orthodontic patients. The sonicare toothbrush has also been shown to reduce pocket depths in patients with periodontitis. Use of the sonicare toothbrush reduced hypersensitivity after 8 weeks of use and removed 82% of the extrinsic stain from coffee, tea, and tobacco after 4 weeks of use. It has also been shown to be as effective as or better than a manual toothbrush for reducing plaque and gingivitis around dental implants and to increase salivary flow in xerostomia patients.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed2002

Case selection criteria and a simplified technique for placing and finishing direct composite veneers.

This article addresses the key obstacles clinicians face when considering direct composite veneers as a treatment option for the cosmetic correction of anterior teeth. These obstacles include case selection, material selection, the best technique to allow the expeditious placement of the veneers, and, ultimately, final esthetics. The best clinical situations for choosing direct composite veneers are identified, and a new microhybrid composite resin system, Esthet-X, which offers a simplified solution to shade matching and polishing, is introduced. A clinical case demonstrates a simplified technique for the placement of stratified, polychromatic direct veneers, and describes a new polishing system that generates a microfill type of shine with modern microhybrids.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparative 3-week clinical tooth-shade evaluation of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

A randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, parallel-group clinical trial was performed to compare the tooth-whitening benefits of a novel, nontray, "paint-on" liquid gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel) to those of a commercially available whitening dentifrice. Efficacy was measured by using Vita shade scores obtained at baseline and after 2 and 3 weeks of product use. Eighty subjects were first balanced according to gender, age, and shade scores into two groups. Half were then randomly assigned to either alpha 3-week routine of tooth-brushing (using a nonwhitening dentifrice) and twice-daily 18% carbamide peroxide gel application or a 3-week routine of twice-daily brushing with the commercially available whitening dentifrice. At the completion of the study, the results showed that subjects' teeth in the liquid whitening gel-treated group exhibited a statistically significant (P < .05) 4.12 mean tooth-shade improvement compared to baseline and exhibited a mean score that was 3.7 units higher than the corresponding mean score of the group assigned to use the whitening dentifrice (statistically significant, P < .05). It can therefore be concluded that the combined use of Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel immediately after brushing with a regular toothpaste is clinically superior at whitening teeth than solely using a clinically proven, commercially available whitening dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical comparison of the stain-removal efficacy of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

The objective of this examiner-blind clinical study was to compare the extrinsic tooth-stain removal efficacy of a novel, nontray, "paint-on" liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel) with a commercially available whitening dentifrice. After a baseline examination for extrinsic tooth stain, qualifying adult men and women from Canada were randomized into two treatment groups balanced for age, gender, and level of extrinsic tooth stain. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice (Group 1: nonwhitening dentifrice; Group 2: whitening dentifrice). The subjects in Group 1 also were instructed to use the paint-on whitening gel for 30 minutes twice daily. Examinations for extrinsic tooth stain were repeated after 2 and 3 weeks. Ninety-seven subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At both the 2- and 3-week examinations, subjects assigned to the liquid whitening gel-treatment group exhibited statistically significant reductions in extrinsic tooth stain (P < .05) with respect to stain area (22.7% reduction at 3 weeks), stain intensity (26.3% reduction at 3 weeks), and overall stain removal (32% reduction at 3 weeks) compared with the commercially available whitening dentifrice group. Thus, the results of the examiner-blind clinical study support the conclusion that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel provides a significantly greater level of extrinsic tooth-stain removal efficacy than a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Efficacy of a novel, nontray, paint-on 18% carbamide peroxide whitening gel.

A double-blind, 3-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the tooth-whitening efficacy of a novel nontray, "paint-on" liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel). Efficacy was based on measured Vita tooth-shade scores collected at baseline and after 2 and 3 weeks of product use. Eighty healthy volunteers were balanced into 2 groups based on gender, age, and shade scores (A3 or higher). The duration of product usage was 30 minutes, twice daily, for 3 weeks. Results from this clinical study showed that subjects' teeth in the liquid whitening gel-treated group exhibited an overall mean 3.84-shade improvement and a 3.5-shade difference compared with teeth in the placebo gel group (statistically significant, P < .05) after 3 weeks. Furthermore, this improvement exceeds the minimum requirement to claim "clinical efficacy" as established by the "Guidelines for the Acceptance of Peroxide-Containing Oral Hygiene Products," published by the American Dental Association in 1994. Therefore, it can be concluded that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel significantly whitens teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Frequently asked questions about bleaching.

Nightguard vital bleaching, or at-home bleaching using a 10% carbamide peroxide material in a custom-fitted tray, has become the standard for tooth whitening. This article answers many of the questions associated with this process, and compares the procedure with other whitening options.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

In-office vital tooth bleaching--what do lights add?

Aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been used clinically at 30% to 35% levels to lighten teeth for many years, but the process has required multiple visits. Heat and light have been used empirically in attempts to catalyze H2O2 decomposition and speed tooth lightening. The contribution of bleaching lights (LumaArch, Optilux 500, and Zoom!) to act as catalysts for lightening teeth was studied in 83 pairs of contralateral anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth on 15 human subjects. Split-arch design using centrals, laterals, and canines on one side treated with bleach plus light, were compared with contralateral teeth using bleach alone. Three researchers trained in the use of the Vitapan 3D-Master Shade Guide took shades with independently agreement within 0.5 value-chroma sum 89% of the time throughout the study Laboratory tests determined bleach gel chemistry, bleach light output, and effects on the bleaches of light alone and heat alone. Results showed that the three test lights did not lighten teeth more than their bleach gels alone. All teeth lightened to nearly the same degree (1.7 color increments), but LumaArch required 60% less time and Zoom! used 1/3 lower H2O2 concentration. Laboratory tests indicated that the proprietary chemicals mixed into each bleach gel just before use acted as catalysts and were probably responsible for more rapid lightening produced by LumaArch gel, and need for less H2O2 in Zoom! gel. Neither the heat produced by the accessory lights, nor the light output itself were responsible for catalytic activity with any of the three systems tested. Collectively, the data demonstrate positive effects from chemical catalysts added to bleaching gels. No output from any of the lights resulted in heat or light that catalyzed the gels.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tray whitening: what the evidence shows.

In recent years, many dental professionals have changed their philosophy regarding the use of trays with at-home bleaching regimens. However, facts do not change--and successful vital tooth bleaching still occurs only when tooth surfaces are in direct contact with the appropriate concentration of active whitening agent for a specific amount of time. Because the science of tooth whitening is still in its infancy--this article reviews a series of remaining questions regarding vital tooth bleaching based on current scientific information and research findings on products using trays.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMed2003

Over-the-counter tooth-whitening systems.

Sales of over-the-counter (OTC) tooth-whitening products have increased sharply in recent years because of heightened consumer demand for esthetic care, success of in-office and professional home bleaching systems, and heavy promotion by product manufacturers. All the whitening products contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide and differ in their mode of delivery. Because tooth whiteners are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, many retail products have not undergone rigorous, objective, clinical testing and hence may be of questionable efficacy and safety. OTC tray-based systems in particular must be used with caution because ill-fitting trays can lead to soft-tissue injury, malocclusion problems, and poor compliance. Non--tray-based systems, including a paint-on system and whitening strips, have recently become available. These products are inexpensive, convenient, and easy to use, and they represent the fastest growing segment of the retail market. Whitening dentifrices comprise approximately 50% of OTC tooth whitening products work mainly by abrasion to remove superficial stains. With heightened consumer interest in whiter teeth, clinicians must become familiar with OTC products to provide optimal solutions and treatment to patients.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of three professional at-home tooth whitening systems.

A three-cell, randomized, parallel, investigator-blinded clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of three professional at-home tooth whitening systems, including Crest Professional Whitestrips (6.5% H2O2), Day White 2 (7.5% H2O2) and Nite White Excel 2 (16% carbamide peroxide equivalent). Ninety subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (30/group). Subjects were instructed to use the assigned whitener following the manufacturers' instructions. Clinical examinations at baseline, and on days 3, 7, 14, and 18 (Day White), or 21 (Crest Professional Whitestrips and Nite White) included the following parameters: 1) oral tissues; 2) tooth shade by the Vitapan Classical shade guide; 3) tooth shade by a chromameter with a jig; and, 4) tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. The results showed significant shade reductions with time in all three groups. Nite White resulted in significantly greater shade reductions in periods between days 7, 14, or 21 and baseline than did the other two systems. Tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation, which were mostly mild and transient, occurred in all groups. It is concluded that all three whitening systems evaluated are effective and safe. Nite White Excel is superior to the other two systems because it provides a greater whitening efficacy with comparable or lower incidence of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation.

Adult↗