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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Evaluation of a competitive enzyme immunoassay in screening for syphilis.

A competitive immunoenzymatic method has been developed and evaluated for the serological screening of syphilis. The method detects both anti-Treponema Pallidum IgG and IgM. The kit, commercially known as "Syphilis Screen", is produced by DIESSE Diagnostica Senese (Siena, Italy); all the required reagents are included and are ready for use. The test is performed on undiluted serum and a single incubation step is necessary. The method can be easily automated, and the results do not require a subjective interpretation. A good correlation was found with the Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) technique: only 14 out of 2350 samples tested (2090 non reactive and 260 reactive) were found to be in disagreement. This test can be considered an alternative to the TPHA method in screening for syphilis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

Reactivity to beta 2 glycoprotein I clearly differentiates anticardiolipin antibodies from antiphospholipid syndrome and syphilis.

Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) detected by standard ELISA are found in association with autoimmune and infectious diseases. It is now recognized that beta 2 glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) is a cofactor for aCL binding to cardiolipin (CL). To examine differences in cofactor requirements, aCL positive sera from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and syphilis were studied. Using an ELISA with human purified beta 2GPI adsorbed onto irradiated plates, we detected high binding activity in 29 out of 35 samples from APS patients and low in only 1 out of 37 aCL positive syphilis sera. Moreover, a good correlation (r = 0.79) was also observed in the former group between aCL and anti beta 2GPI. Whole IgG and affinity purified IgG aCL from APS patients did not bind to CL in the absence of beta 2GPI, but recognized beta 2GPI on irradiated plates in the absence of phospholipids. In contrast, IgG purified from syphilis patients only bound to CL alone. Taken together, these data indicate that performing both ELISA (aCL and anti beta 2GPI) it could be possible to distinguish aCL from autoimmune or infectious diseases.

Antibodies, Anticardiolipin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern diagnosis and management of acquired syphilis.

Syphilis presents to clinicians in a wide range of disciplines and requires a high index of suspicion. This article summarizes the interpretation of syphilis serology and provides practical guidelines for the management of acquired syphilis in liaison with local genitourinary medicine physicians.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

[The combination of secondary recurrent syphilis and HIV infection].

HIV infection in connection with other venereal diseases change greatly there clinic development. Authors discuss comprehensively the peculiarities of infectious process in case of syphilis connection with HIV-infection, and in particular face syphilid, which is met little in practice of venereologists. Syndrome of aggravating influence of HIV-infection on clinic syphilis development is noted. It usually more serious. In given example syphilis was diagnosed only two month later after patient had took medical advice.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Syphilis screening among women arrestees at the Cook County Jail--Chicago, 1996.

Cook County (Chicago) Department of Corrections (i.e., Cook County Jail [CCJ]) is one of the largest jail systems in the United States, with a daily census of approximately 10,000 arrestees. CCJ contracts with Cermak Health Services (CHS) to provide medical services, including routine syphilis screening, to arrestees at CCJ. On January 6, 1996, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) STD/HIV Program, in collaboration with the CCJ, CHS, and CDC, implemented the Rapid Plasma Reagin (Stat RPR) Project at CCJ to improve syphilis identification and treatment rates among women. This report describes the project and provides data from the first year of operation. The findings indicate that Stat RPR yields a higher treatment rate for women arrestees than routine syphilis testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Congenital syphilis in a newborn: an immunopathologic study.

A 3-week-old girl presented to the emergency room with respiratory distress and generalized maculopapular rash. The newborn was hospitalized with a presumptive diagnosis of congenital syphilis, but she died after 2 days of therapy. Tissue from the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver, spleen, and lung was studied by using direct fluorescent antibody and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for Treponema pallidum. The inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by using IHC against CD3, CD20, CD68, and smooth muscle actin. The diagnosis of congenital syphilis was confirmed by demonstrating spirochetes in tissues with IHC and direct fluorescent antibody examination. IHC showed abundant treponemes in the small intestine and liver and occasional spirochetes in the meninges. Bacteria were seen as intact spirochetes, granular staining, or large extracellular collections of antigen. A constant pathologic feature throughout the tissues was concentric macrophage (CD68-positive) infiltrate around vessels, giving an onion-skin appearance. IHC identified the macrophages as the prime immune response in congenital syphilis.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2003

Syphilis and otolaryngology.

Syphilis is the oldest known sexually transmitted disease. Because of its multiple clinical manifestations it is known as "the great imitator." Although the antibiotic era has greatly diminished the prevalence of syphilis, sporadic outbreaks continue to occur. Because of its multiple head and neck manifestations, the otolaryngologist should be familiar with the basic pathogenesis and clinical presentations of this disease.

Head↗
PubMed1965

SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS; USE OF THE TREPONEMA PALLIDUM IMMOBILIZATION (TPI) TEST AND THE FLUORESCENT TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY (FTA) TEST.

Comparative data from four different laboratories on the TPI and FTA tests on VDRL-reactive sera from patients with no symptoms of syphilis showed agreement of results of the FTA test with those obtained with the TPI test (the reference test) varying from 71 per cent to 112 per cent. The FTA test is complex and requires additional research before its use as a routine public health laboratory procedure can be recommended. The TPI test appears to be unequivocally the test of choice for the diagnosis of late and latent syphilis.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed1984

Syphilis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.

Clinical manifestations of primary, secondary, congenital, and late syphilis are described. Darkfield examination is the most important laboratory method for diagnosis of primary syphilis. The VDRL and FTA-ABS are the most common serologic tests used for diagnosis and follow-up. Penicillin remains the treatment of choice in nonallergenic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Syphilis serology today.

Serologic testing is an important adjunct in the diagnosis and management of syphilis. In this review, the various currently used serologic tests, both non-treponemal and treponemal, are considered. Special emphasis is placed on their relative advantages, applications, and limitations. Conditions under which these tests may be falsely positive are discussed. Additional diagnostic tools cited are the dark-field examination, for use in early-lesion syphilis, and cytological and immunochemical techniques for determining potentially active neurosyphilis. The analysis of every serologic report, and its correlation to the historical, epidemiological, and clinical findings, is highlighted.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An application of ridge regression analysis in the study of syphilis data.

We provide a brief summary of the theory of ridge regression, regress reported rates of congenital syphilis on three stages of adult syphilis using both ridge regression and least squares techniques, and discuss the results. We also develop a principal components regression model for the same example and compare the results. The example demonstrates the usefulness of ridge regression to handle multicollinearity in data. Problems of overestimation and instability associated with ordinary least squares estimates of these non-orthogonal data diminish with use of the ridge regression techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Detection of the 47-kilodalton membrane immunogen gene of Treponema pallidum in various tissue sources of patients with syphilis.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the 47-kDa immunogen gene of Treponema pallidum in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), skin lesions, and serum, but less consistently in purified granulocytes or ejaculates of patients with manifest and latent syphilis. Therefore, skin lesions and PBMCs may serve as the most reliable sources for a PCR-based diagnosis of syphilis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Syphilis in adults.

This article reviews the clinical manifestations of syphilis, diagnostic tests that might help to diagnose accurately the disease, and current recommendations for therapy. The association of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus infection raises additional questions related to transmission, diagnosis, and therapy of both diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reinfection primary and secondary syphilis: the post treatment serologic response.

It has long been observed that patients with reinfection primary and secondary syphilis have a slower serologic response to treatment than those with an initial infection. The case records of three patients with reinfection primary and seven patients with reinfection secondary syphilis were examined and confirmed the clinical observation.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reinfection primary, secondary, and latent syphilis: the serologic response after treatment.

An infection with Treponema pallidum does not confer solid immunity to reinfection. Consequently, it is not unusual for the physician to see a patient with reinfection syphilis. In this study there were 36 patients who, after having an initial infection with T. pallidum, became reinfected with the primary, secondary, or latent stage of syphilis. The titers of antibody to T. pallidum during reinfection were consistently higher than those during the first infection, and the serologic responses to treatment were always slower.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of recommended maternal therapy to prevent congenital syphilis.

A pregnant women with secondary syphilis received appropriate therapy with penicillin in the last trimester of pregnancy. At delivery, her titre had fallen fourfold, and the baby had a non-reactive cord blood titre at birth. However, the treatment failed to prevent infection in the infant, and the baby had developed signs of congenital syphilis at 10 weeks of age. The definition of "adequate therapy" of pregnant women is unclear, and recent guidelines are contradictory. Therefore, literature that pertains to penicillin therapy in pregnancy is reviewed, and new guidelines for therapy proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Early malignant syphilis observed during infection and reinfection in the same patient.

Malignant syphilitic infections occurring in the same woman at an interval of 38 months is reported. The first infection was diagnosed as secondary papulopustular and ecthymatous syphilis. The reinfection was more severe, taking the form of secondary ulcerative syphilis with fever, general deterioration, and loss of weight. Numerous Treponema pallidum were present in the serum expressed from the papulopustular lesions during the first infection, but they were absent from the secretion expressed from the margins of the ulcerative symphilides during the reinfection. Many treponemes were present in the plasma cell infiltrates in histopathological sections of the biopsy specimens taken from the margin of the ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Therapeutic effect of oral doxycycline on syphilis.

Fifty-one patients with syphilis were treated with oral doxycycline. A course of the antibiotic treatment consisted of 200 mg of doxycycline daily in two divided doses for 28 days. The courses were repeated three to four times a year with an interval of several months. Quantitative Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Wassermann reaction (WR), and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests were performed monthly to evaluate the therapeutic effect of doxycycline treatment. The response rate was 100% for primary, 90% for early, 68% for late, and 90% for congenital syphilis in adults. No notable side effects were encountered except for epigastric fullness in one patient, which did not require the treatment to be discontinued. No abnormalities were detected in the results of laboratory tests.

Administration, Oral↗