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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Periarticular soft tissue calcification and ossification in the septic joint.

We encountered three infants who developed juxta-articular calcification adjacent to the anterolateral aspect of the ilium. All had had drainage of a septic hip using an anterior approach. Calcification was not found among five infants whose septic hips were drained using a posterior approach. Some surgeons who employ the anterior approach facilitate exposure of the joint capsule by elevation of the origins of the sartorius and rectus femoris muscles. We feel this juxta-articular calcification in this setting is a sequla of anterior surgical drainage of the hip in which there has been surgical elevation of the iliac periosteum. It does not imply an unfavorable outcome.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1985

Enhancement of transmission at the frog neuromuscular junction by adenosine deaminase: evidence for an inhibitory role of endogenous adenosine on neuromuscular transmission.

Adenosine deaminase reversibly increased the amplitude and the quantum content of the end-plate potentials (EPPs) recorded from superficial muscle fibers of frog sartorius preparations in which twitches have been prevented with high-magnesium solutions. Adenosine deaminase prevented the inhibitory effect of exogenously applied adenosine but not that of 2-chloroadenosine on the amplitude of EPPs. The effect of adenosine deaminase was abolished by erythro-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA). The results suggest that endogenous adenosine exerts an inhibitory 'tone' over neuromuscular transmission.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1980

An attempt to distinguish between the actions of neuromuscular blocking drugs on the acetylcholine receptor and on its associated ionic channel.

The effects of lobeline and tubocurarine on the voltage-clamped endplates of frog sartorius and cutaneous pectoris muscles were examined at room temperature (20-23 degrees C). Like tubocurarine, lobeline causes nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. The half-time of decay (t((1/2))) of endplate currents (e.p.c.s) recorded at a holding potential (V(m)) of -90 mV was significantly shorter in endplates treated with lobeline (50 muM; mean t((1/2)) +/- SEM = 0.41 +/- 0.02 ms) or tubocurarine (11.4 muM; t((1/2)) = 0.64 +/- 0.04 ms) than in those treated with Mg(2+) (13 mM; t((1/2)) = 1.39 +/- 0.11 ms) or a low concentration of tubocurarine (3 muM; t((1/2)) = 0.87 +/- 0.05 ms). Similarly, lobeline (10 muM) shortened the t((1/2)) of untreated miniature e.p.c.s by 35%; tubocurarine, however, abolished miniature e.p.c.s at the concentration required to observe its actions on e.p.c. decay kinetics. The t((1/2)) of e.p.c.s recorded from preparations treated with Mg(2+) (13 mM), tubocurarine at low concentrations (3 muM), or untreated miniature e.p.c.s was logarithmically related to V(m), being slower at more hyperpolarized values. By contrast, the t((1/2))s of e.p.c.s recorded in either lobeline (50 muM) or tubocurarine (11.4 muM) were independent of voltage in the range -150 to -80 mV. The ability of lobeline to shorten t((1/2)) and to remove the voltage dependence of t((1/2)) was partially antagonized by Mg(2+) (13 mM). As expected, when lobeline or tubocurarine was removed from the bath or when acetylcholine release from the motor nerve terminals was increased by 4-aminopyridine (20 muM) and Ca(2+) (10 mM) (in the presence of lobeline or tubocurarine), the amplitude of e.p.c.s increased as a function of time. However, the t((1/2)) of the decay phase of the e.p.c.s remained shortened (i.e., unaltered from the earlier treatment). These results suggest that both tubocurarine and lobeline have at least two distinct postjunctional actions including: (i) a block of the acetylcholine receptor and (ii) a block of the ionic channel associated with the acetylcholine receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Tendinitis of the knee].

The diagnostic criteria for tendinitis of the knee are: (1) strict localization of the pain in the whole length of the tendon from its body to its end; (2) recrudescence of pain during movements that stretch or rub the tendon, and (3) positive local anaesthesia test if needed. Only this approach makes it possible not to miss a tendinitis of the extensor system in a so-called femoro-patellar syndrome, or to misdiagnose a tendinitis of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscles when confronted with an osteoarticular pathology of the medial femoro-tibial compartment.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Topographic distribution of groin lymph nodes. A study of 50 female cadavers.

There is a discrepancy between anatomy textbooks' description of groin node position and Way's technique of lymphadenectomy. On the one hand, anatomic studies have demonstrated that the deep femoral nodes are on the medial side of the femoral vein, lying on the deep portion of the fascia lata, and can be seen easily through the opening of the fossa ovalis. On the other hand, the standard technique of deep femoral lymphadenectomy consists of removing the fat lying lateral to the femoral artery through the incision and detachment of the fascia lata from the sartorius to adductor longus muscle. With the aim of demonstrating that a correct deep femoral lymphadenectomy does not require removal of the fascia lata, we dissected Scarpa's triangles in 50 female cadavers. The examination of 100 specimens demonstrated that the deep femoral nodes are always situated within the opening of the fossa ovalis, and no lymph nodes are distal to the lower margin of the fossa ovalis, under the fascia cribrosa. These findings suggest that deep femoral lymphadenectomy can be performed without removing the fascia lata.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Phenomenon of asynchrony of induced mediator release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog].

"Hump-like" distortions of evoked end-plate currents were observed with the help of extracellular focal recordings in sartorius and cutaneous frog muscle preparations at 20 degrees C. These distortions resembled spontaneous or unitary evoked responses by their amplitude and time course. Statistical analysis allowed rejecting the simplified assumption that these "humps" were the result of spontaneous nervous signals superimposed on the evoked ones. The asynchronous release of single quanta forming the multiquantal response seemed to be a more plausible explanation. A distinct correlation between the distribution of synaptic delay values of unitary responses (at low quantal content) and observed asynchronous responses (at high quantal content) was found. A polymodal pattern of distribution of synaptic delays was shown in both cases. It is concluded that the presence of asynchronous responses and discrete character of variations in synaptic delays are an intrinsic property of the transmitter release mechanism.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1973

Anserina bursitis. A treatable cause of knee pain in patients with degenerative arthritis.

The anserina bursa is located on the medial surface of the tibia deep to the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semimembranosus muscles and superficial to the insertion of the tibial collateral ligament. Knee pain, a palpable swelling of the bursa, and tenderness over the medial anterior aspect of the tibia just below the knee are the hallmarks of anserina bursitis. In a three-year period, 24 patients with anserina bursitis were seen in a rheumatology clinic. All but one were women, 18 were obese, and only four were under 50 years old. Knee x-ray studies showed degenerative arthritis in 20 of the 24 patients. In ten, varus knee deformities were present, while three had valgus deformities. Ultrasound or local steroid injections gave dramatic relief in all but one patient.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of preparations altering cAMP metabolism on the bioelectrogenesis of the skeletal muscles].

In the frog isolated m. sartorius, microelectrode technique and in vivo TV microscopy differentiating bioelectrical phenomena in separate fibers of different groups (dark, light, intermediate), revealed that the drugs altering cAMF exchange (adrenaline, caffeine, imidazole) and used in concentration 10(-5) M, affect to different extents the resting potential and the AP. The effect of the drugs is more obvious in respect to excitatory potential. Mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2005

Recruitment of the thigh muscles during sprint cycling by muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate recruitment patterns of the thigh muscles during maximal sprint cycling by muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI). Twelve healthy men participated in this study and performed 2, 5, and 10 sets of 6-s supramaximal cycling with a load of 7.5 % of their body weight with 0.5 min of rest between the sets. Before and immediately after the exercise, T2-weighted MR images, i.e. mfMRI, of the right-thigh were taken to calculate T2 of eleven thigh muscles. Vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and sartorius were the highest activated, i. e. had the greatest T2 change, among the quadriceps, hamstring, and adductors, respectively, compared with other muscles. Total power output during 2, 5, and 10 sets of sprint cycling was correlated with percent change in T2 in the quadriceps correlated (r (2) = 0.507 to 0.696, p < 0.01), the hamstring (r (2) = 0.162 to 0.335, p < 0.05 approximately 0.001), and the adductor muscles (r (2) = 0.162 to 0.473, p < 0.05 approximately 0.0001). With use of stepwise regression analysis, total power output was significantly correlated with % change in T2 of the vastus medialis (VM) (p < 0.0001) and vastus intermedius (VI) (p < 0.05) (r (2) = 0.698, p < 0.0001). We concluded that eleven thigh muscles were activated non-uniformly, and that the VM and VI play a key role during maximal sprint cycling.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Mechanisms of transmitting excitation in the electromechanical connections system of frog phasic muscle fibers].

The effect of replacement of Na ions by isomorphic Li ions on the dynamic parameters of isometric contractions and the distribution of Na, K, and Li in the frog m. sartorius involved increase of the muscle maximum tension during first 10-15 min. A possible role of Na and Li ions in the muscle contraction is discussed with regard to the assumption of a mechanism of participation of Na ions in the transmission of excitation from the plasmic membrane to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Myosin heavy chains IIa and IId are functionally distinct in the mouse.

Myosin in adult murine skeletal muscle is composed primarily of three adult fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. These isoforms, MyHC-IIa, -IId, and -IIb, are >93% identical at the amino acid level and are broadly expressed in numerous muscles, and their genes are tightly linked. Mice with a null mutation in the MyHC-IId gene have phenotypes that include growth inhibition, muscle weakness, histological abnormalities, kyphosis (spinal curvature), and aberrant kinetics of muscle contraction and relaxation. Despite the lack of MyHC-IId, IId null mice have normal amounts of myosin in their muscles because of compensation by the MyHC-IIa gene. In each muscle examined from IId null mice, there was an increase in MyHC-IIa- containing fibers. MyHC-IIb content was unaffected in all muscles except the masseter, where its expression was extinguished in the IId null mice. Cross-sectional fiber areas, total muscle cross-sectional area, and total fiber number were affected in ways particular to each muscle. Developmental expression of adult MyHC genes remained unchanged in IId null mice. Despite this universal compensation of MyHC-IIa expression, IId null mice have severe phenotypes. We conclude that despite the similarity in sequence, MyHC-IIa and -IId have unique roles in the development and function of skeletal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Surgical management of groin lymphatic complications after arterial bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: The authors undertook a retrospective study to define the incidence of groin wound lymphatic complications at their institution and to review their experience with treatment of the complications. METHODS: Operating room records and patient databases of the two primary vascular surgeons at an academic teaching institution were reviewed retrospectively. Groin lymphatic complications were diagnosed by clinical presentation and confirmed with noninvasive imaging. Surgical management included percutaneous methods, ligation of leaking lymphatics, excision, and/or muscle flap coverage. RESULTS: From June of 1989 to June of 2002, 538 patients had arterial revascularization procedures involving the groin. Twenty-seven patients with groin wound lymphatic complications were identified; seven of them had bilateral complications, for a total of 34 complication sites. Common comorbidities included hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic renal insufficiency, and tobacco use. The majority (85 percent) had artificial material in the bypass graft, and 10 patients had undergone a previous operation at the same site. The mean time to identification of groin lymphatic complications after vascular surgery was 14 days. Common presentations included swelling (n = 16), drainage (n = 13), erythema (n = 4), and leg edema (n = 1). At presentation, 17 patients (63 percent) were receiving antibiotics and 21 (78 percent) were receiving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. Of the 34 complication sites, 12 were managed with drainage or excision and 22 with muscle flap surgery, 10 of which failed less aggressive therapy. Muscle flaps included the gracilis (n = 19), sartorius (n = 1), rectus abdominis (n = 1), and rectus femoris muscles (n = 1). Operative cultures were positive in 23 of the 34 groin lymphatic complication sites. A biopsy specimen of a healed gracilis flap obtained at 1 year demonstrated notable lymphatic channels, possibly supporting theories that rotated muscle becomes a lymphatic conduit. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that muscle flap surgery provides single-intervention therapy for successful resolution of lymphoceles, with a low complication rate and fairly rapid recovery in a high-risk patient population. Flaps also salvage cases that have failed conservative therapy and provide hardy coverage for a wound bed that is often infected.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Membrane electrical properties of frog slow muscle fibres.

1. Pyriformis slow (and sartorius twitch) fibres from Rana temporaria were studied with a three-micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique to obtain an approximate measurement of membrane current density at a fibre end. In most experiments, a modified Ringer solution containing 2H20 and 230 mM-sucrose was used to reduce movement. 2. Linear membrane properties of slow fibres obtained with this method are consistent with results from previous studies. Measured Cm (microF/cm2) increases with fibre diameter in a manner consistent with a tubular location of part of the fibre capacitance. 3. Voltage steps to -50mV and more positive potentials result in outward membrane currents in both slow and twitch fibres. These currents develop along similar sigmoid time courses and are blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA+) ions. The reversal potential for delayed current channels in slow fibres varies with external K+ concentration, suggesting that the delayed current in slow fibres, as in twitch, is carried by K+ ions. 4. Maximum GK,GK, in slow fibres is an order of magnitude smaller than twitch fibres. The steady-state GK-V curve of slow fibres is very broad (e-fold for approximately 15 mV), saturating at very positive voltages, whereas the GK of twitch fibres varies more steeply with voltage. 5. No evidence of inward currents was seen in slow fibres during pulses of duration up to 96 msec. 6. Slow outward currents, which do not inactivate appreciably, are seen in slow fibres during long (10 sec) pulses. Tail currents following such long pulses are very slow. The reversal potential shifts to more positive values with increasing pulse duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

K and Ca in muscle mechanics, II. K-contracture.

K-rich solution, the isotony of which corresponds to normal Ringer's solution, was used in our experiments: 4.59 g KCl + 40.5 g saccharose, 1000 ml bidistilled water. Freshly prepared living muscles of Rana esculenta (m. sartorius, m. iliofibularis, m. peroneus, m. tibialis, m. gastrocnemius, m. semimembranosus) got into K-contracture in this solution, but they relaxed within some minutes. In muscles of dead frog (which canno tbe stimulated with 110 V a.c.) the K-rich solution did not elicit contracture, i.e. on the one hand K-contracture could be observed only in living muscle and on the other hand, the muscles did not lose their excitability after the K-contracture had ceased (a.c. 2V).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Physiological regulation of synaptic effectiveness at frog neuromuscular junctions.

1. Nerve terminals in two different muscles of the frog, the sartorius and cutaneous pectoris (c.p.), have been found to differ sharply in safety factor. This difference is shown to be attributable to corresponding disparities in the amount of transmitter released, without evident correlated morphological differences. 2. In Ringer containing 0.3 mM-Ca2+ and 1 mM-Mg2+, quantal content of c.p. junctions exceeded that of sartorius junctions by 3-4 times. 3. When quantal content was corrected for nerve terminal size, c.p. terminals still released 2-4 times more transmitter per unit terminal length. 4. Light and electron microscopic examination of junctional morphology in the two muscles revealed no significant difference in the spacing of presynaptic active zones, the width of synaptic contact, or the density of presynaptic vesicles and mitochondria. It seems likely, therefore, that the greater release at c.p. junctions is due to a 'physiological' difference between the two populations of terminals. 5. No evidence could be found that action potential invasion of the terminal was less complete in the sartorius than in the c.p. 6. The dependence of evoked and spontaneous release on Ca2+ concentration was of similar slope for terminals in the two muscles, but of different absolute value, consistent with the observed difference in release.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

The "intermediate component" of the radiosodium efflux from frog skeletal muscle.

The influence of diversity in the size of the cells of the frog's sartorius on the radiosodium efflux from the muscle was investigated. Morphometric analyses of light micrographs of complete cross sections of the muscle were done in the proximal and distal regions. The results were used to predict the shape of the radiosodium washout curve under the following assumptions: the cells differ in size and shape, but each has a single internal pool of exchangeable sodium; the sodium exchange properties of the limiting membranes are the same for all cells; and the diversity of the true areas of the limiting membranes is reflected by the diversity of the apparent areas measured at the light microscopic level. Radiosodium efflux measurements were performed on similar muscles. The model correctly predicted the occurrence of a continuous decline of the fractional loss of radiosodium, which was not due to diffusional delay and which would be interpreted as a second internal compartment in a compartmental analysis, and an effect of short versus long isotope loading intervals on the efflux. It was concluded that the existence of cell size diversity satisfactorily explains the flux data. No "special region" must be postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Relationship between the heat resistance of different muscles and frog viability during heat selection].

An attempt was made to elucidate the relation between the survival of mature frogs Rana temporaria during sudden (unforeseen) thermal selection and the heat resistance of several muscles: m. interfalangealis, m. ileofibularis, m. sartorius, m. gastrocnemius and m. rectus abdominis. It has been found that of greater selective value are the individuals with lower heat resistance not in all muscles, but in those having lesser heat resistance, such as m. ileofibularis and m. sartorius.

Adaptation, Physiological↗