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Vitronectin receptors in vascular disorders.
Various integrin antagonist candidates, including antibodies, cyclic peptides, peptidomimetics and non-peptides, have been clinically evaluated and have been shown to successfully modulate certain disease processes. The most advanced integrin antagonists in clinical development include intravenous platelet alphaIIb/beta3 integrin antagonists, leukocyte alpha4/beta1 integrin antagonists and vascular alpha v/beta3 antagonists. This review will focus on the key role of the alpha v integrin (alpha v/beta3 and alpha v/beta5) in vascular disorders, such as angiogenesis-mediated disorders and vascular restenosis.
[Choroidal osteoma--diagnosis and ophthalmic management ].
Two cases of the long term observation and clinical findings of choroidal osteoma are presented. Choroidal osteoma (choroidal osseous choristoma) is a very rare, benign, ossifying tumour of the choroid, which typically affects healthy young women. The etiology is unknown. Neovascularisation and haemorrhage is a frequent associated finding. Subretinal neovascularisation, which tend to develop progressive visual loss, may be treated successfully with argon or krypton laser photocoagulation.
[Proliferative radiation retinopathy].
CASE REPORT: A thirty year-old-woman that had received radiotherapy three years before for a frontal glyoma consulted because of diminished visual acuity in her left eye. Examination showed a proliferative radiation retinopathy in the left eye and non-proliferative radiation retinopathy in the right eye that was confirmed by fluorescein angiography. The patient was treated with panretinal photocoagulation, and her visual acuity remained stable. DISCUSSION: Patients receiving cranial or neck radiotherapy should be followed for long periods of time because radiation retinopathy may appear many years after the treatment. Follow-up may permit early diagnosis of ischemic radiation retinopathy that can benefit from laser photocoagulation.
Induction of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the rabbit eye by intravitreal injections of fibroblast growth factor.
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Effects of Gingko biloba extracts in a model of tractional retinal detachment.
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[Clinical aspect, nature and significance of the retinal vascular proliferations in diabetics].
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[The normal human retinal vascularization. (Demonstration by the method of trypsin digestion of the retinal tissues. Method of Dr. T. Kuwabara)].
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New strategies for preventing vision loss.
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[Histopathological study of retinopathy of prematurity].
Using light and electron microscopy, we studied the histopathological findings of retinopathy of prematurity (zone II, stage 3). The infant was born at 32-week gestational period and the birth weight was 1,255 g. He suffered from intracranial hemorrhage and hydrocephalus, and died at 78 days old. The ophthalmoscopic findings of both eyes at 72 days after birth showed that the intermedia was clear. The optic disc and posterior pole showed normal findings. Ridge formation with non-vascularized retina was seen at the equator of all quadrants of the fundus except the nasal quadrant of retina. Light and electron microscopic studies showed the following; in the most periphery of the vascularized retina, endothelial cell proliferation with the capillary lumen of glomeruloid tufts (rearguard) were seen. There were the aggregation of immature mesenchymal cells (vanguard) near to the rearguard. The cytoplasmic organelles of spindle cells in the non-vascularized retina were different from those of surrounding glial cell. Therefore, they were thought to be mesenchymal cells in the non-vascularized retina. Between the vanguard and the rearguard, the proliferative tissues composed of immature endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells extended into the vitreous body through the inner limiting membranes, and they formed the fibrovascular membranes on the retina. It was concluded that fibrovascular proliferation on the retinal surface in the active case of retinopathy of prematurity was composed of immature endothelial cells with vascular lumen and mesenchymal cells.
[Experimental study of nimodipine and vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative retinopathy].
OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect of the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine on the proliferative retinopathy and it's interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS: A proliferative retinopathy model (OIR) of newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was induced by hyperoxia. Different dosages of nimodipine were injected to the rats through retrobulbar or intraperitoneal routes. Both eyeballs of newborn rats were enucleated for performing pathological sections and were studied by immunohistochemical method, in order to count the nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels and to investigate the expression of VEGF in the retina. RESULTS: The number of nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels and the expression of VEGF in non-treatment group increased significantly as compared with normal control group (P < 0.01). Both parameters decreased significantly in high dosage and medium dosage of retrobulbar injection group as compared with the non-treatment group (P < 0.01) and there was no significant decrease in low dosage group (P > 0.05). In each dosage group of intraperitoneal injection, there was a significant decrease of the expression of VEGF (P > 0.01). CONCLUSION: VEGF can induce cell proliferation by activating the calcium channel in cell membrane through which the influx of calcium is increased. The calcium channel antagonist nimodipine can inhibit proliferative retinopathy by blocking the influx of calcium. Nimodipine can inhibit the expression of VEGF at certain degrees.
[Influence of membrane dissection and en bloc excision on the outcome of vitreous surgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy].
OBJECTIVE: Compare membrane dissections and en bloc membranectomy in vitrectomy of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Retrospective comparative (non-randomized) interventional study. 296 eyes of 276 patients with fibrovascular proliferation in diabetic retinopathy performed by vitrectomy from 1996 approximately 2000 were analyzed. 201 eyes complicated with vitreous hemorrhages in different severity, 110 eye with traction retinal detachment. We used membrane dissection in 110 eyes and en bloc excision in 186 eyes. Follow up time required more than 4 months, for the silicone oil temponade eyes required 3 months after silicone oil removal. The iatrogenic holes, postoperative hemorrhages, rubeosis iridis and visual improvement were compared in the same intraocular temponade for membrane dissections and en bloc excision, as well as visual acuity > 0.1. RESULTS: There is no statistic significant difference in age, sex and type of fibrovascular proliferations for both groups. Membrane dissection techniques showed a lower incidence of iatrogenic breaks (35.5%) than that in en bloc membranectomy techniques, no significant difference in postoperative vitreous hemorrhages and visual improvement for both techniques. CONCLUSION: Both techniques showed no difference to visual results and postoperative complications, but membrane dissection techniques can decrease the formation of iatrogenic breaks.
The effect of light on oxygen-induced vasoproliferative retinopathy in newborn kittens.
The effect of bright fluorescent light (115 fc) on oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn kittens was compared with that of complete darkness and cyclic illumination of 12 hr of bright light (115 fc) and 12 hr of complete darkness. No significant difference was found in the extent of preretinal vasoproliferation and retinal ultrastructural findings among the three groups of kittens reared in different levels of illumination and a control group raised in a standard laboratory illumination level of 40 fc. These results confirmed that light is not a required factor for the development of oxygen-induced retinopathy in kittens.
[Angiogenic activity and VEGF level in sera of diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy].
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness. The majority of studies concerning this problem were performed in patients with late stage of disease, demonstrating proliferative retinopathy, when malformations of retinal vessels became irreversible. Numerous angiogenic factors related to retinal angiogenesis have been described. Among them, VEGF is thought to be the major mediator of proliferative retinopathy. Our present study was performed on sera collected from patients with earlier stage of ocular complications, manifested as background retinopathy. We have believed that the knowledge of the earliest events leading to pathological angiogenesis may be valuable for establishing some prophylactic regimens. Sera of 22 persons with DM1, aged 33-70 years, 37 persons with DM2, aged 37-79 years, 51 healthy people, aged 22-80 years (as controls) were studied. Direct serum-induced cutaneous angiogenesis test in mice (SIA) was applied. VEGF concentration in sera was mesured by ELISA (R & D Systems) test. Angiogenic activity and VEGF concentration of DM1 patients sera were highly statistically lower than these parameters in DM2 patients and controls.
[New treatment methods in pathologies of the choroid and retina including the use of subthreshold power of diode infrared laser radiation].
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[The Bruch membrane and choroid. Angiography and functional characteristics in age-related changes].
Age-related changes in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmoscopically visible drusen in the macular area may precede the complications causing visual loss. In addition to these localized depositions of debris in Bruch's membrane, histological methods could demonstrate linear deposits in Bruch's membrane which may also profoundly influence the development of complicated macular aging changes. It is difficult to identify linear deposits clinically, but as an indirect criterion for diffuse thickening and linear deposits in Bruch's membrane regression of the choriocapillaris with consequent prolongation of the choroidal filling phase in fluorescein angiography is suggested. This feature was observed in 26% of elderly patient. In association with these areas of regressed choroidal capillaries, loss of visual function was found in fine matrix perimetry.
[An uncommon case of central retinal artery occlusion].
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