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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

AACR - 91st meeting. Interview with Dr James M Pluda.

Angiogenesis is a complex multi-step process that leads to the establishment of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Angiogenesis is important in many physiological processes, such as reproduction, development and wound healing. However, it also plays a part in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer, where the tight regulation under which this process normally functions is disturbed. Although a relatively new field for drug discovery, therapeutics have been described that are able to prevent or limit the extent to which a tumor can survive and grow through the rapid proliferation of the endothelial vasculature. There are no late-stage drugs targeting angiogenesis at present, but a number of reports at this year's AACR did describe some new approaches in this field. In an interview, Dr James M Pluda (Senior Clinical Investigator; Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD, USA), who oversees NCI's clinical drug development program for angiogenesis inhibitors, discussed developments in the field of angiogenesis, and how the NCI is helping to expand the portfolio of novel anti-angiogenic therapeutics which are making their way through preclinical trials and are ultimately made available to the public.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Managing trauma in the South African mining industry.

Deep sub-surface mining is one of South Africa s leading industries. It is also one of the most dangerous. While safety is maintained as much as possible to minimize cave-ins and other accidents, underground tremors and earthquakes are commonplace and unpredictable and usually involve life threatening injuries and loss of life. Crisis intervention and trauma management are essential to helping workers cope with mining accidents. This article describes the trauma management program developed by the employee assistance program at the Chamber of Mines in South Africa to respond to workplace accidents.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1998

[Cholera update and vaccination problems].

Cholera remains an important public health problem. The long-term control of cholera depends on good personal hygiene, uncontaminated water supply and appropriate sewage disposal. However, the improvement of hygiene is distant goal for many countries. Thus the availability of an effective cholera vaccine is important for the prevention of cholera in these countries. Research on new cholera vaccines has mainly focused on oral formulations that stimulate the mucosal secretory immune system. Two oral cholera vaccines were experimented on large scale in human. The first vaccine, containing inactivated bacterial cells and B-subunit of cholera toxin, has been tested in Bangladesh from 1985 to 1989. This vaccine, according to WHO, may prove useful in the stable phase of refugee/displaced person crises, especially when given preventively. The second vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine containing the genetically manipulated Vibrio cholerae O1 strain CVD 103-HgR. Despite its efficacy in adult volunteers, results of a large-scale field trial carried-out in Indonesia for 4 years have shown a surprisingly low protection. Moreover, one of the safety concerns associated with live cholera vaccine is a possible horizontal gene transfer and recombination event leading to reversion to virulence. A new vaccine development program for cholera is based upon the hypothesis that immunoglobulins G directed to the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 could confer protective immunity to cholera by inactivating the inoculum on intestinal mucosal surface. This program may lead to the development of cholera conjugate vaccines to elicit protection in infants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stepwise approach to developing point-of-care testing services in the community/ambulatory pharmacy setting.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a stepwise approach to development and implementation of a point-of-care testing (POCT) patient care service. SETTING: Community and ambulatory care pharmacy practice. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION: To provide community and ambulatory pharmacists with the steps involved in integrating POCT services into their pharmacy practice site. PRACTICE INNOVATION: Authors used various resources to detail the process of implementing pharmaceutical care in community or ambulatory pharmacy settings in combination with individual practice experiences. The five steps involved in developing a POCT service include conducting a needs assessment, researching and organizing information, developing program materials, implementing the service, and evaluating the service. The narrative description of each step is illustrated by a case study example. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Not applicable. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: POCT patient care services are a valuable addition to a pharmacy's services, benefiting patients, health care providers, and the pharmacy. This article presents a structured, deliberate approach with resources that can be used to develop a successful POCT service within a community or ambulatory pharmacy setting.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1992

What's the use of theory?

The barriers to the use of theory in health education practice are addressed by exposing common misperceptions of the nature and usefulness of theory. First, the mystique of theory is addressed through a discussion of theory development and the roots of theory in everyday experience. Two characteristics of theory, generalizability across settings or situations and testability, are described and linked to benefits for practice. Second, a guide for practitioners in applying theory to each stage of the intervention process is provided. A case example illustrates how theory can guide practice as well as the benefits to be gained by applying theory to program development. Finally, the bases for common negative misperceptions of theory are identified and clarified, and the beneficial nature of theory reviewed.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulatory and compliance activities to protect food-allergic consumers in Canada: research in support of standard setting and consumer protection.

An overview is presented of the activities of Health Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) in the area of food allergens. Since the 1990s, changes were made in the Food and Drug Regulations in order to better protect allergic consumers by imposing labeling requirements to clearly identify sources of priority food allergens in prepackaged foods. Policies of application as well as risk management strategies are discussed with some statistics on allergen-related food recalls in Canada for the years 1997--2001. Health Canada's allergen method development program is a pioneering research initiative that was developed in the early 1990s in support of the changing Canadian regulatory environment. The objectives and some of the accomplishments of this program are presented. The development of the Canadian Compendium of Allergen Methodologies under a Web-based application to compile data on evaluated allergen detection methods will provide further support to compliance activities nationally, as well as to the international analytical community in both government and the food industry. Some emerging techniques for the confirmation of results generated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are also discussed.

Allergens↗
PubMed2006

Geriatric education across 94 million acres: adapting conference programming in a rural state.

Montana, a predominantly rural state, with a unique blend of geography and history, low population density, and cultural diversity represents the challenges for program development and implementation across remote areas. The paper discusses two statewide multidisciplinary geriatric education programs for health professionals offered by the recently established Montana Geriatric Education Center (MTGEC); use of telecommunications technology; collaborations with Geriatric Education Centers (GECs) and the Montana Healthcare Telemedicine Alliance (MHTA); and training outcomes, insights, and implications for continuing education of health professionals who practice in hard-to-reach regions. In addition, data from a statewide needs assessment are presented specific to preferred format. The MTGEC training model that combined traditional classroom and videoconference increased attendance by twofold and may be adapted in other regions to train providers in remote areas of the U.S.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Integrating clinical guidelines into nursing education.

A project planning group consisting of college and university representatives from a collaborative undergraduate nursing program developed an inclusive, process-oriented faculty development initiative to enhance the integration of clinical guidelines in clinical courses. In the first phase, results of a needs assessment were used to inform the development of a six-hour workshop for the third year clinical faculty in acute care, mental health, and community health. Pre-post surveys were conducted with students and clinical faculty during the first phase. Results from the workshop and surveys were used to develop a four-hour workshop for clinical faculty in all years of the program. The relatively short workshop process shows promise for initiating integration of clinical guidelines in undergraduate nursing education.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

International perspectives in early emotional development.

This article provides a unique look at development-the lessons highly industrialized nations can learn from the rest of the world. Thailand, for example, created a comprehensive child development program through integration of health, education, economic development, social welfare, and community involvement. The program was proven to improve developmental outcomes that included IQ and nutritional status.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Suicide in the 1970s: a second look.

The decade of the 70's has been reviewed with the document Suicide Prevention in the 70's serving as a guide. Twenty-one goals put forward in the report were reviewed in light of subsequent progress in the field. Although progress was noted on many fronts, four areas were outstanding in the sense that envisioned goals were met or exceeded. These involved the areas of promulgation of information about suicide, establishment of standards and certification procedures, development of regional organizations to forward training and program development, and education of the public to improve awareness of suicide as a public problem. This analysis also identified areas where little or no progress has been made. From this there developed four recommendations: 1. The funding and establishment of a national case file using a standard nomenclature and a standard data base to improve epidemiologic knowledge, and to provide pooled data appropriate for more sophisticated research analyses. 2. The establishment of a task force to study the application of program evaluation methods to suicide prevention efforts. 3. The development of new programs at local levels to try to reach known high-risk groups and to provide relevant programs of suicide prevention for them. 4. Making creative efforts toward elaboration of a comprehensive theory of life-threatening behavior and exploration of developmental corrolates of such behavior.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The development of public health education: the Mauritius experience].

A public course has been initiated in 1990 in Mauritius for covering the national growing needs of public health specialists. This training course was organized jointly by the Ministry of Health, the University of Bordeaux II and the French Cooperation. After 3 sessions dedicated specifically to the Mauritian physicians, the course has been re-designed for the needs of the other countries of the region. A feasibility study performed in 1994 in the countries of the Indian ocean region showed that during the past decade, the district level had become the focus point to integrate the health programs. This process has progressively transferred a wider and stronger part of the responsibilities from the central level to the district level and the survey showed that most of the health district managers were physicians that did not have the proper background for carrying such responsibilities. According to these results, a course curriculum was created by the Mauritian Ministry of Health and the University of Bordeaux II and submitted to various organisms supporting health program development in the region. This proposal was strongly supported by several agencies (the french Cooperation, Unicef, WHO, World Bank...) who agreed to sponsor candidates for that training course. The first session was organized in 1995, a second one in 1996. This training course is targeted to the medical doctors who are in charge of the management of health services at the district level. It is divided in two parts: A six-weeks intensive training course performed in Mauritius that include formal teaching and practical exercises in small groups for a total of 210 hours. The curriculum is mainly targeted on the various aspects of management as the management of health information (biostatistics epidemiology and computing), the management of human resources, financial resources and material resources. In addition to these main topics, there is an introduction to pedagogy, communication skills and applied research methodology. Following this six-weeks, training the students come back to work in their country and have 8 months to perform a thesis supervised by a local public health specialist. The subject of the thesis has to be closely related with one of the topic taught and should provide an obvious improvement for the public health situation in the district where this physician is acting. In 1995, 22 candidates attend to the course (13 from Madagascar, 4 from Mauritius, 3 from Comoros, 1 from Angola, 1 from Equatorial Guinea and 1 from Tchad), 19 had successively completed all the modules and got the diploma of public health delivered by the University of Bordeaux II. This diploma has been recognized as an equivalent to a master in public health in Mauritius. The evaluation of the courses-performed by the students, the teachers and the financial agencies gave a very positive results although the workload was considered as too important for a six-weeks training course. The recommendations of the 1995 session were included in the 1996 programs which is still on going for 23 candidates. The 97 session will probably extend the number of students up to 40, divided in 4 subgroups for practical exercises. In parallel to the course, a quarterly bulletin will be created and sent to the present and past candidates of this course in order to support a continuous medical education training program targeted to the district physicians.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

Lessons learned from the PMM Network experience.

For eight years, the Prevention of Maternal Mortality (PMM) Network in West Africa designed, implemented and evaluated projects to reduce barriers to care for women with obstetric complications. Many valuable lessons were learned concerning program development and implementation. A multidisciplinary approach enabled the Network to address the various aspects of the problem; collaboration between teams encouraged the sharing of resources and experiences; and collaboration with government and communities enhanced project sustainability. Capacity building through long-term, systematic technical support resulted in a Network of proficient researchers. Existing human and material resources were utilized to enhance the feasibility and sustainability of projects--a strategy that could be adopted in other developing countries. Cost-tracking was used as a management and evaluation tool. The collective experience of the Network offers guidance for program planners and researchers working on maternal mortality in developing countries.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed2004

Giving infants a great start: launching a national smoking cessation program for pregnant women.

Data suggest that 12%-22% of women smoke during pregnancy. The link between smoking during pregnancy and adverse health and reproductive outcomes has been well documented. Great Start is a public education and smoking cessation program developed especially for pregnant women. Launched in December 2001, Great Start was the first national program focused on providing free and confidential smoking cessation counseling to pregnant women through a toll-free quitline. Great Start consisted of a media campaign to raise awareness and direct women to telephone counseling tailored for the pregnant smoker, and educational materials designed to support pregnant women through cessation counseling. The program was evaluated to assess the ability of the television ads to reach pregnant smokers and the effectiveness of a quitline for increasing cessation rates among pregnant women. Great Start demonstrates that it is possible to reach pregnant smokers through television ads that provide information about the consequences of smoking while pregnant, are affirming in tone, and provide direction for women to take action. Initial response to the program indicates that pregnant women want to quit and confirms the need for programs designed specifically to address the needs of this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Integrating outcomes measurement into clinical practice improvement across the continuum of care: a disease-specific episode of care model.

This article describes a model for incorporating outcomes measurement into a comprehensive, continuum-wide clinical practice improvement program developed at Lovelace Health Systems (Albuquerque, N.M.). Created in 1993, the Lovelace Episode of Care Program currently includes nine disease-specific multidisciplinary teams that are working to improve care by addressing such issues as severity, appropriateness, efficiency, continuous quality improvement indicators, practice guidelines, care maps, and outcomes. Key features and advantages of the model are discussed, as well as implementation issues, successes, lessons learned, program restructuring and improvement, and applicability of the framework across diseases and health organizations.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed2002

Utility of participatory rural appraisal for health needs assessment and planning.

BACKGROUND: While poverty and lack of life opportunities are root causes of a high burden of disease and infant and maternal mortality, inadequate health care contributes heavily. Often those who are left without care are those who need it most. Existing health services are managed without taking into account acceptance and need perspectives. This further reduces the effectiveness of and equity in health care. In order to guide the planning of reproductive health services by a national NGO, health needs were assessed in a district in Sindh using a combination of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and qualitative and quantitative research methods. PRA is considered as a better framework to assess, analyse and develop programs with communities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of PRA was to initiate community involvement and to understand the needs of health care from a community perspective. METHODOLOGY: PRA was conducted with groups of men and women from three rural areas in a district of Sindh, Pakistan using a life cycle framework. The community members identified various stages of their life with the associated health issues. RESULTS: This research was empowering to community members as it facilitated community involvement. The respondents took charge of the process of identification of health needs at PRA sessions. PRA helped identify health problems considered prevalent and important by the community. More importantly, it helped potential service providers and the community to initiate community involvement in planning. CONCLUSION: PRA is not only an effective tool for assessment and analysis of health issues but also a vehicle to promote community involvement. Additionally, participatory methods contribute to understand the context of quantitative data generated for planning purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

International health services management education: an overview of major efforts and lessons learned during the 1990s.

In this paper, the authors examine select major pedagogical and methodological issues concerning health care management executive training and academic program development in the former Soviet sphere of influence during the 1990s. Experience from programs offered during the 1990s has direct implications for the continued development of health care management programs and faculty in the United States. In essence, each of the nations that were involved represented an experimental setting for the introduction and improvement of management skills in the health care sector and the development of professional health care managers. Evaluative findings should help to inform future efforts to construct and deliver effective international and domestic management educational programs.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Successful business process design. Business plan development for the occupational health services unit.

1. The occupational health nurse is often mandated by management to validate health services offered and programs developed for employees as valuable to the business and company mission. 2. The business plan of the occupational health service is a working document, changing as needs of the client/customer and internal and external business and socio-economic environment evolve. 3. Alignment with and support of the company mission, goals, and objectives is another method of proving good occupational health is good business. 4. Business planning is a basic business tool the wise and prudent occupational health nurse can use in proving good occupational health is vital to the success of a company.

Commerce↗