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PubMedDate not supplied

Management and prognosis of gliomas of the optic pathways in children.

A follow-up study was made of 24 children with glioma of the optic pathways. In gliomas restricted to one optic nerve, total excision should be performed. The prognosis is excellent. Radiotherapy is not indicated. In gliomas of the anterior chiasm, a biopsy should be taken; occasionally, partial removal is indicated. The prognosis is good. Radiotherapy is indicated only if the follow-up shows a progression in the visual signs. In most cases, the growth of the tumor seems to be arrested. The vision remains stable and most patients have a useful degree of vision in at least one eye. In gliomas of the posterior chiasm with hypothalamic signs, the prognosis is poor. A biopsy and radiotherapy are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Round Table: Severe asthma in pediatrics: diagnosis and prognosis].

UNLABELLED: Prevalence of asthma in children is calculated around 5-10%. In spite of this, severe asthma is not frequent in children (about 1% of asthmatic children), but its prognosis is very worrying as 90% of children with severe asthma continue with asthma in adulthood. The key question is if doctors dedicated to treatment of asthmatic children are able or not able to do something in order to modify this prognosis. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the role of prevention measures in the evolution of severe asthma in children. METHODS: in 1995 a prospective study was begun with the aim of evaluating the evolution of a group of children who had been diagnosed as moderate or severe persistent asthma (group A; 18 patients) and comparing it with a control group of children with infrequent episodic asthma (group B, 25 patients). On the first visit we carried out anamnesis, physical exploration, skin tests, a lung function study and we trained the patient in the use of the daily diary card documenting peak expiratory flow (PEF) and asthma symptoms. Three (G-A) or six (G-B) month controls were programmed adjusting the medication dosage. Individual immunotherapy was administered, when indicated. RESULTS: both groups have evolved favourably. All of the patients with severe or moderate asthma, who had done the correct prevention measures and/or immunotherapy, have been able to stop the initial treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids (CGS) without lung function or clinical state deterioration. On the other hand the patients with poor compliance of prevention measures continued needing inhaled CGS. CONCLUSIONS: adequate prevention measures and/or immunotherapy can influence prognosis of asthmatic children. All of this, in the long run, could avoid or delay the remodelling process and the negative factors of an intensive pharmacotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[DNA content correlation with the prognosis of pheochromocytoma: 10 cases report].

We investigated the relationship between DNA ploidy and the prognosis of pheochromocytoma. DNA ploidy studies on paraffin-embedded archival specimens from ten cases of pheochromocytoma were performed by flow cytometry according to Hedley's method. Clinical features and pathological results were investigated and follow-up was made. The values of DNA content in assessment of the prognosis of the tumor were discussed. Flow cytometry examination showed that seven cases had aneuploid, two deploid and one tetraploid. The malignent case was tetraploid, and died from matastasis to the bone. The other cases had a benign process. The examination of DNA content is of value in the assessment of the prognosis of pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prognosis for life expectancy using the inductive learning method].

The aim of this paper was to find out the possibility of life expectancy achievement (LEA) prognosis in open population by using epidemiological data, to improve it and to determine the differences between regions. We were using inductive learning software tool, ASSISTANT Professional, based on modified Quinlan's inductive learning method. Data from an epidemiological study of oil/fat consuming influence on diabetes incidence in different regions in Croatia, 1887 examinees, have been used. In spite of limited number of attributes that were available, an improvement in prognosis of LEA has been made by selecting the proper attributes and by changing the limiting values of attributes (values that change the meaning of attributes). We reached the absolute accuracy of 75.54%. Even after further pruning of decision tree that lowered this value, Assistant showed 13% better result than those of random selected outcome. Differences between regions were also established that could not been explained with attributes that were used. Expanding the list of attributes and analysis of their influence in particular region can make further improvement in prognosis of LEA.

Croatia↗
PubMed1999

[Usefulness of tumor size on MR imaging in assessing the prognosis of uterine cervical cancer treated with radiation].

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of MR imaging (MRI) in evaluating the primary tumor and predicting the prognosis after radiotherapy for uterine cervical carcinoma. MRI was performed before radiotherapy in 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. According to the staging of FIGO, 3 patients were classified as stage Ib, 1 as IIa, 5 as IIb, 13 as IIIb, 2 as IVa, and 1 as IVb. Three-dimensional diameters (transverse, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal) of the primary tumor were evaluated on T2-weighted images. For patients with tumors < or = 4 cm in craniocaudal diameter, i.e., the length of the tumor parallel to the long axis of uterine body, five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 70%. For patients with tumors > 4 cm in craniocaudal diameter, the 5-year DFS was 37%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. For patients with tumors < or = 4 cm and > 4 cm in transverse or anteroposterior diameter, 5-year DFS was 63% and 50% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The results showed the craniocaudal diameter of the tumor to be the most critical factor in predicting prognosis after radiation therapy in uterine cervical cancer. Moreover, MRI was an important means of evaluating the depth of uterine cervical carcinoma. In conclusion, MRI is useful in evaluating the effect of radiotherapy and predicting prognosis in uterine cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Prognosis for patients with angina pectoris accompanied by chronic renal failure].

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the risk factors of a worse outcome for patients with coronary artery disease. However, few studies have assessed the outcome in such patients. This study investigated the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and prognosis for patients with angina pectoris accompanied by CRF and evaluated the validity of current treatment strategy for these patients. A total of 593 patients (248 with stable angina and 345 with unstable angina) admitted to our institution were studied. Renal failure was defined as serum creatinine of > or = 2.0 mg/dl. Patients were divided into 2 groups, with renal failure (46 patients) and without renal failure (547 patients), and the former group was further divided into 2 groups with hemodialysis (26 patients) and without hemodialysis (20 patients). The mean follow-up period was 2.5 +/- 1.2 years and the follow-up rate was 99%. The prevalences of congestive heart failure (26% vs 3%, p < 0.001), hypertension (72% vs 45%, p < 0.005), and multivessel coronary artery disease (65% vs 33%, p < 0.001) were higher in patients with CRF. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume was greater in patients with CRF than in patients without CRF (114 +/- 36 vs 85 +/- 24 ml/m2, p < 0.001). The calcification score of both coronary arteries and abdominal aorta evaluated by electron-beam computed tomography was higher in patients with CRF (2,187 +/- 2,727 vs 631 +/- 841, p = 0.03; 4,091 +/- 3,068 vs 2,191 +/- 2,249, p = 0.02, respectively). In-hospital cardiac mortality was higher in patients with CRF than in patients without CRF (8.7% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001). The cumulative survival was 88% at 1 year and 65% at 3 years in patients with CRF and 99% and 97% in patients without CRF, respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of re-hospitalization due to congestive heart failure was higher in patients with CRF (19% vs 1.3%, p < 0.0001). The cumulative survival in CRF was 93% at 1 year, 57% at 3 years in the medical treatment group and 87% and 75% in the invasive therapy group, respectively (p = 0.1). Patients with angina pectoris and CRF had a poor prognosis under the current treatment strategy. Newly developed therapeutic strategies, such as rotational atherectomy, minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery and combinations, will be necessary to improve the long-term prognosis for these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[The relationship between the prognosis of retinoblastoma and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and argyrophilic protein at nucleolus organizer regions].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the proliferative activity of retinoblastoma (Rb) cells and the prognosis of the tumor. METHODS: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in paraffin-embedded Rb specimens from 48 cases were detected by LSAB immunohistochemical method using an anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody and the technique of ploton. RESULTS: The PCNA labeling index (PCNALI) and the AgNORs counts were well correlated (r = 0.647, P < 0.001). In 29 patients of the 48 cases receiving simple eyeball extirpation and being followed up for 5 years, the mean PCNALI and the mean numbers of AgNORs per nucleus in 19 patients surviving > or = 5 years after operation were markedly lower than that in 10 patients surviving < 5 years after operation (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is indicated that the PCNALI or the AgNOR count is negatively related with the clinical prognosis of Rb patients, and can be useful in judging the prognosis.

Eye Enucleation↗
PubMed1999

Prognosis in women with a carcinoma in situ of the breast: a population-based study in Sweden.

We studied the risk of invasive breast cancer and breast cancer death after a breast carcinoma in situ during a period when mammography screening became a nationwide practice and when breast conservation was introduced. In a study base including all 4661 women registered to the Swedish Cancer Registry for a first carcinoma in situ between 1960 and 1992, we selected a cohort of 3398 women diagnosed between 1980 and 1992. The recruitment period was chosen according to the reporting routines for the registry. The corrected survival was 97.4% after 10 years. The risk of invasive cancer was similar in the ipsilateral and contralateral breast. Women diagnosed between 1989 and 1992 ran a relative risk of 0.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.0-0.9) of dying of breast cancer, as compared with women diagnosed from 1980-1982. Residence in counties where mammography screening was available was associated with a relative risk of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.0-2.1) for breast cancer death in the age groups screened. Screening mammography may have contributed to the improvement of prognosis over this time period. This study cannot distinguish between lead time effects and a "true" improvement in prognosis. The increased use of breast conservation was not associated with a worse prognosis in the group as a whole. The study indicates that at least 50% of invasive cancers occurring after treatment for in situ lesions may be new cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Simultaneous serum assays of lipase and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: There are no systems for the rapid diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis in the Emergency Department. Our aim was to evaluate whether the combined use of serum lipase and interleukin-6 or serum lipase and C-reactive protein is able to simultaneously establish both the diagnosis and the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Eighty patients with acute abdomen were studied on admission to the Emergency Room. Forty patients had nonpancreatic acute abdomen, and 40 had acute pancreatitis (25 had mild acute pancreatitis and 15 had severe pancreatitis). Forty healthy subjects comparable for sex and age were also studied as controls. Lipase, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein were determined on serum in all subjects. RESULTS: Using lipase to discriminate between patients with nonpancreatic acute abdomen and patients with acute pancreatitis (cutoff values ranging from 419 to 520 U/L), one patient with acute pancreatitis was not identified correctly. To discriminate between patients with severe acute pancreatitis and those with mild pancreatitis in the remaining 39 patients, interleukin-6 (cutoff value, <3.7 microgram/L) had a sensitivity of 100% (15 of 15) and a specificity of 83% (20 of 24); 75 of 80 (94%) patients were classified correctly. C-reactive protein (cutoff values ranging from 6 to 7 mg/L) showed a lower prognostic efficiency than interleukin-6: sensitivity of 87% (13 of 15) and specificity of 46% (11 of 24). Sixty-four of 80 patients (80%) were classified correctly. The area under the ROC curve for interleukin-6 (0.911 +/- 0.049) was significantly (P = 0.013) greater than that for C-reactive protein (0.685 +/- 0.090). CONCLUSION: The combined use of serum lipase and interleukin-6 is useful in simultaneously establishing both the diagnosis and the prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Communicating prognosis in early breast cancer: do women understand the language used?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the degree to which women with early breast cancer understand the prognostic information communicated by clinicians after breast cancer diagnosis, and their preferences for how this information is presented. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted within two months of breast cancer diagnosis, using a self-administered written questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: One hundred women attending five Sydney teaching hospitals and one country hospital, who were diagnosed with early stage breast cancer between January and December 1997. RESULTS: The 100 respondents represented 70% of the 143 women originally approached to participate. Many respondents did not fully understand the language typically used by surgeons and cancer specialists to describe prognosis: 53% could not calculate risk reduction (with adjuvant therapy) relative to absolute risk; 73% did not understand the term "median" survival; and 33% believed a cancer specialist could predict an individual patient's outcome. Women in professional/paraprofessional occupations understood more prognostic information than nonprofessional women. There was no agreement on the descriptive equivalent of a "30%" risk, nor the numerical interpretation of a "good" chance of survival. Forty-three per cent of women preferred positively framed messages (e.g., "chance of cure"), and 33% negatively framed messages (e.g., "chance of relapse"). The information women most wanted was that relating to probability of cure, staging of their cancer, chances of treatment being successful, and 10-year survival figures with and without adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that misunderstanding is responsible for women's confusion about breast cancer prognosis. Clinicians should use a variety of techniques to communicate prognosis and risk, and need to verify that the information has been understood.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of MIB-1 index in the prognosis of resectable pancreatic head cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cell kinetics are important indicators of the biological behavior of various human tumors. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic values of the proliferative factors including MIB-1 index, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction, and further determined the independent prognostic factors in pancreatic head cancer after pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODOLOGY: Patients with pancreatic head cancer undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were included. Cell proliferative parameters including MIB-1 index, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction measured by flow cytometry were evaluated and compared with the conventional clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: There were 21 resectable pancreatic head cancers. By univariate analysis MIB-1 index, cell differentiation and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors. The 5-year survival rate was 22.2% for overall patients and 29.2% for patients with MIB-1 < or = 11%, while it was 0% for MIB-1 index > 11%, p=0.011. Tumors without lymphovascular invasion had significantly better prognosis than those with lymphovascular invasion (median survival: 38 vs. 10 months, p=0.009). The median survival was significantly longer for well-differentiated cancers than for moderately and poorly differentiated cancers (44 vs. 11 and 9 months, p=0.038). There was no correlation between the MIB-1 index and the other 2 conventional prognostic factors. After multivariate analysis, only the MIB-1 index emerged as the independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: MIB-1 index played a significant role in the prognosis of the resectable pancreatic head cancer and could potentially complement the conventional factors in predicting the prognosis and determining the optimal treatment strategy. MIB-1 index was also an important independent prognostic factor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thalamic hematomas: etiology, clinical findings and prognosis].

INTRODUCTION: The appearance of new neuroimaging techniques has permitted study of large series of thalamic hematomas, amongst which differences have been observed according to the size and arterial territory affected. OBJECTIVE: To determine the existence or not of differences between thalamic hematomas, according to their arterial territory and size, with regard to the aetiology, clinical findings and short term prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was made of 60 patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of thalamic hematoma (between January 1987 and July 1997) classified according to localization as: anterior, dorsal, posterolateral, posteromedial and global, and according to size as: large (> 20 mm), and small (< 20 mm) in which we analyzed the aetiology, clinical signs and prognosis up to discharge from hospital. RESULTS: The commonest aetiology was found to be arterial hypertension (60%); with regard to the arterial territory involved we have observed different clinical and prognostic features but the number of patients in each group was too small to permit statistical analysis. Significant differences were shown with regard to the size of the hematoma: large hematomas more often extended to nearby structures, caused hydrocephalia, were associated with alteration in the level of consciousness, severe motor deficit, oculomotor changes, alteration in superior functions and hemianopsia, and had worse prognosis and increased mortality and dependence in everyday activity than small hematomas. CONCLUSION: According to their size, thalamic hematomas show statistically significant clinical and prognostic differences.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Histopathological grade, mucinous differentiation and DNA ploidy in relation to prognosis in colorectal carcinoma.

AIMS: We investigated parameters which might help identify poor prognosis colorectal cancers and, in particular, we stratified Dukes' stage B carcinomas in order to identify those patients who would benefit from adjuvant therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Histopathological parameters and DNA ploidy were analysed in a consecutive series of 256 resected colorectal cancers and their relationship with patient survival were investigated. By univariate analysis, Dukes' stage, degree of differentiation, nature of the invasive margin and DNA ploidy all correlated with prognosis. However, degree of differentiation assessed by the worst pattern seen anywhere in the tumour correlated more significantly with clinical outcome than did the predominant pattern. This was confirmed by multivariate analysis which showed only Dukes' stage and worst pattern differentiation as independent prognostic variables. Mucinous carcinomas showed no significant difference in outcome when compared to adenocarcinomas. DNA ploidy correlated with prognosis but only at a low level (P = 0.035) but this was maintained for Dukes' B carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Dukes' stage and degree of differentiation provide independent prognostic information in colorectal cancer. However, differentiation should be assessed by the worst pattern and not by the predominant pattern as is currently recommended by the UKCCCR. DNA ploidy provides some prognostic information and does stratify Dukes' B cancers and thus might provide useful information on which to base decisions concerning adjuvant therapies in this difficult group. Mucinous differentiation has no prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1997

[Prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy of axillary node-negative breast cancer patients].

The significance of postoperative chemotherapy was studied in 439 cases of unilateral primary breast cancer which were proved histologically with no axillary lymph node metastasis. The survival rate was analyzed by life table method. The prognosis of node negative breast cancer patients was mainly associated with tumor size. 10 year survival rate of patients with tumor less than 3 cm treated operativel and by operation combined with chemotherapy was 92.60% and 94.13% respectively. If tumor size was larger than 3 cm, the ten year survival rate of the patients treated operatived was 79.89%, and that of the patients with combined theropy 96.02%. The prognosis was statistically different between the two groups. As to age, status of menopause, pathologral type, kind of surgery and status of ER, the prognosis of patients treated by combined therapy was better than that of patients treated by operation alone. The postoperative chemotherapy was not significantly beneficial to breast cancer patients with tumor less than 3 cm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

[Improvement of prognosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: role of early diagnosis and optimized medical treatment. Study Group on Heart Muscle Diseases].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which a more widespread use of new effective treatments for heart failure associated with earlier detection of the disease may have contributed to enhancing the prognosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) patients over the past 20 years. METHODS: Heart transplant-free survival curves were analyzed in 343 IDC patients, prospectively enrolled from January 1, 1978 to June 30, 1997 in the Heart Muscle Disease Registry of the Cardiology Department in Trieste (94 enrolled between 1978 and 1987, Group 1; 249 between 1988 and 1997, Group 2). At enrollment, 91 patients had no heart failure symptoms (NoHF), whereas the remaining 252 showed HF of recent (HF < or = 6 months, n = 132) or non-recent (HF > 6 months, n = 120) onset. RESULTS: In comparison to Group 1, Group 2 was treated more frequently with ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers (p < 0.0001) and showed a better long-term survival (p = 0.0034), resulting from a reduction of death for refractory HF or need for heart transplant (p = 0.011). Conversely, the risk of sudden death did not significantly differ between the two groups. NoHF, HF > 6 months and HF < or = 6 months groups were similarly treated with ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers. Long-term survival was better in patients without HF than in those with overt HF (p = 0.0015). As compared to Group HF > 6 months, Group HF < or = 6 months had a poorer one-year prognosis (p = 0.045), related to the presence of a subgroup of patients with refractory HF and need for heart transplant, but showed a better survival rate over the following years (p = 0.015). Over the two subsequent decades of enrollment, a significant improvement in patient survival was observed within Groups NoHF (p = 0.03) and HF > 6 months (p = 0.01), but not in Group HF < or = 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 20 years, the increasing use of ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers in IDC was associated with a significant improvement in long-term survival, resulting from a reduction in mortality for refractory heart failure or need for heart transplant. In addition, early diagnosis may have contributed significantly to enhancing the prognosis of IDC, since the benefits of medical therapy were lower in patients identified and treated in advanced stages of the disease. Moreover, early diagnosis was shown to be useful in recognizing patients with recent onset of heart failure who are not responders to aggressive medical treatments and urgently need heart transplant.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed2000

[Prognosis after late versus early nonfatal myocardial infarction].

Many recent studies have identified nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction (RNMI) as the most significant predictor for later outcome. Almost all of these studies have been based on the studies of RNMI in the first year after the index infarction. The prognosis after late RNMI has not been studied properly. In 3,867 nonselected patients below 76 years of age with an acute myocardial infarction we studied the prognosis after a first RNMI depending on the year of its occurrence after the index infarction. Mortality was estimated by the method of Kaplan-Meier and the differences were evaluated by means of the Tarone-Ware test. Four hundred and ninety-three (13.6%) patients had a first RNMI in the first, 151 (5.4%) in the second, 105 (4.2%) in the third, and 71 (3.8%) in the fourth year after the index infarction (group 1-4). One-year mortality rate after RNMI was 23.7% in the first group, 24.1% in the second, 17.5% in the third, and 22.8 in the fourth group. When all the groups were compared with each other no significant difference was found between the mortality rates (p = 0.12) or Standardised Mortality Rates. We concluded that late and early RNMIs have almost the same grave prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Histopathologic findings predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis of patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma: analysis of 240 surgically resected tumors.

BACKGROUND: If it were possible to elucidate the histopathologic findings predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis in superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SSCCE), they could be used as markers to identify patients who do not require additional surgical resection after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). METHODS: Two hundred forty surgically resected SSCCEs were examined histopathologically. Histopathologic factors including vertical tumor invasion depth in the submucosal layer (VTIDsm), degree of nuclear atypia (low, one point; high, two points), growth pattern (expansive, one point; infiltrative, two points), and histologic grade (calculated by adding the latter two scores to obtain Grade 1, two points; Grade 2, three points; and Grade 3, four points) were evaluated to investigate the associations among these factors, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. RESULTS: No lymph node metastasis was found in 54 patients with carcinoma limited to the lamina propria. Their 5-year survival rate was 100%. Multivariate analysis of 186 carcinomas invading beyond the lamina propria showed that lymphatic permeation correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001) and the presence of lymph node metastasis and a high histologic grade were independent factors indicating a poor prognosis (P = 0.0061 and 0.023, respectively). In 53 patients whose tumors had invaded the lamina muscularis or slightly invaded the submucosa (VTIDsm <500 microm), no lymph node metastasis was found in the lymphatic permeation negative and blood vessel permeation negative patients with VTIDsm values <200 microm and histologic Grades 1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphatic permeation is a good predictor of lymph node metastasis in patients with SSCCE. Lymph node metastasis and the histologic grade are independent prognostic factors. Vessel permeation, VTIDsm, and histologic grade were found to be important factors for identifying patients who did not require additional surgical treatment after EMR.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

Cerebral circulation and prognosis of the patients with hypoxic encephalopathy.

Recent progress in cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques improved the survival rate of patients with acute cardiopulmonary disturbances. However, severe cerebral complications remained frequently in patients who survived the acute stage. Early prediction of cerebral prognosis is important to optimize the management of these patients. We examined the relations between radiological findings (Xe-CT and MRI) and cerebral prognosis. Patients included in this study were selected from all patients with hypoxic encephalopathy admitted to our hospital. There were 11 men and 10 women. Causes of hypoxic encephalopathy were heart disease (11 cases), suffocation (4 cases), CO intoxication (2 cases), asthma (1 case), pneumothorax (1 case), anaphyraxy shock (1 case) and electric shock (1 case). Xe-CT and MRI were carried out 3 weeks after the onset. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the patients was measured at rest and 15 minutes after intravenous administration of acetazolamide (1 g). The prognosis was evaluated 3 months after the onset in accordance with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Low hemispheric CBF (30 ml/100 g/min), poor reactivity of acetazolamide challenge test (10 ml/100 g/min), presence of hyperintensity areas in the basal ganglia in T1 weighted images (T1WI) and T2 weighted images (T2WI) are the factors associated with poor outcome in hypoxic encephalopathy.

Acetazolamide↗