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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Anti-seminal plasma antibodies associated with infertility: II. Comparative investigation of human antibody binding to normo-, astheno-, and azoospermic seminal plasma antigens.

PROBLEM: Sera from infertile patients with elevated reactivity against normozoospermic seminal plasma (NSP) have been selected to investigate human antibody binding to seminal fluid antigens present in abnormal ejaculates. METHOD: Sera from 32 idiopathically infertile patients and 44 control sera from fertile individuals were examined by ELISA against: 1) pooled seminal plasma from asthenozoospermic ejaculates (AsthSP), 2) pooled seminal plasma from patients with aspermatogenic azoospermia (AzooSP), and 3) chromatographic fractions from NSP, AsthSP and AzooSP. RESULTS: Of 32 patients positive for anti-NSP antibodies, only four exhibited increased reactivity to whole AsthSP and/or AzooSP, while 14 recognized antigens of different Mr and various distributions in the corresponding chromatographic fractions. CONCLUSION: Targets of human anti-NSP antibodies might be lacking, less concentrated, and/or modified in AsthSP and AzooSP. These findings suggest their physiological importance and the possible relevance of the observed auto- and iso-immune responses to infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma antibodies to cow's milk are increased by early weaning and consumption of unmodified milk, but production of plasma IgA and IgM cow's milk antibodies is stimulated even during exclusive breast-feeding.

We measured levels of cow's milk-specific (CM) antibodies of immunoglobulin classes G, A and M by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma of 198 healthy infants; a variable number of samples taken at birth and at ages of 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 28 months were available (altogether 765 samples). The rise in the level of IgG CM antibodies was highest and most rapid in infants exposed to CM formula before the age of 1 month. The level fell by 9 months, but rose again by 12 months. This second rise was attributed to the introduction of dairy milk. Partially breast-fed and fully weaned infants had similar levels of IgG CM antibodies. The levels of IgG CM antibodies were unaffected by the infants' own atopy, their heredity for atopy, and the umbilical serum level of IgG CM antibodies. IgA and IgM CM antibodies were absent at birth. Their levels increased similarly in exclusively breast-fed infants and infants fed CM formula. We conclude that plasma IgG antibodies to cow's milk are increased by early weaning and by consumption of unmodified cow's milk. Production of plasma IgA and IgM antibodies to cow's milk is stimulated even during exclusive breast-feeding.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Zinc and zinc ligands in human seminal plasma. III. The principal low molecular weight zinc ligand in prostatic secretion and seminal plasma.

The principal zinc binding component in human prostatic fluid and seminal plasma has been found to bind zinc reversible and to be of low molecular weight. Treatment of this zinc containing complex (LMW-Zn) with trypsin and pronase or acid hydrolysis failed to alter its zinc binding properties or gel chromatographic characteristics. Removal of citrate with a combination of citrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase did, however, completely abolish its ability to bind zinc. Spectrographical scanning of LMW-Zn preparations obtained by gel chromatography of prostatic fluid or seminal plasma on a Sephadex G-25 column gave identical absorption curves with those obtained by scanning of a zinc-citrate solution. Application of the same analysis to LMW-Zn of human breast milk yielded similar results. It is concluded that citrate is the major low molecular weight zinc ligand in prostatic fluid, seminal plasma and breast milk.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Influence of plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels on the clearance rate of fibrinogen.

Increased plasma levels of fibrinogen are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that lipid levels may influence the fibrinogen levels by a mechanism other than the synthesis rate, for example a decreased clearance rate. We performed a pilot study to explore this possibility. Twelve male Wistar rats were fed for four weeks with a control low fat/low cholesterol diet, a high fat/high cholesterol diet, and a high fat/high cholesterol diet with an additional 0.5% cholic acid. Labeled 125I fibrinogen was injected, and blood was sampled repeatedly. From the plasma radioactivity of the samples, fibrinogen halflife time was calculated for each animal. Our results suggest that plasma lipids lengthen the fibrinogen halflife times, although the differences were not statistically significant in this small study. Our final conclusion from this study is that lipids may have an effect on the turnover rate of fibrinogen and possibly affect fibrinogen levels through this mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changes in plasma bile acids, plasma amino acids, and hepatic enzyme pools as indices of functional impairment in liver-damaged sheep.

Plasma bile acids, plasma amino acids, and the total hepatic pools of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase were compared in control sheep (Group 1), sheep with subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis (Group 2), and in sheep with acute hepatocellular necrosis associated with the hemolytic phase of chronic copper poisoning (Group 3). Subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis was not associated with any changes in bile acid or amino acid status but was associated with a significant decline in the hepatic pools of sorbitol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. This observation could not be explained in terms of enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes and suggested that pyrrolizidine alkaloids might specifically inhibit hepatocellular enzyme synthesis. Group 3 sheep also had reduced hepatic enzyme pools which were at least partly referable to enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes. In these sheep, increases in plasma bile acids were a more sensitive index of hepatic function than were either increased aromatic amino acid concentration or the ratio between branched chain and aromatic amino acids.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Effects of water availability on plasma protein and sodium concentration, haematocrit and plasma osmolality in the pig.

Eighteen young growing pigs of the Large White breed were housed in individual pens or metabolism stands and habituated to drinking their water from a bowl. Those housed in the metabolism stands were surgically fitted with a catheter placed in he jugular vein to allow collection of blood samples. The voluntary intake of water after periods of progressively increasing water deprivation was measured. The measurements were made by allowing the pigs to drink to satiety after either a 2, 4, 8, 12 or 18 h period of water deprivation. Voluntary water intake was a function of the duration of water withdrawal and the rate of intake increased with progressive deprivation. Changes in plasma concentration of sodium and protein, haematocrit and osmolality could be detected after 12 and 18 h of dehydration. The progressive changes in plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]), osmolality, protein concentration and haematocrit during adaptation to dehydration when water was withheld for 72 h were examined in six pigs. Using a technique of continuous blood sampling, the rapid changes in the same blood parameters during rehydration, when water was made freely available at the end of the 72 h period, were also monitored. The [Na+] and osmolality dropped precipitously following the onset of drinking. From the 15 min stage to the 4 h stage with water available ad libitum, the values of both parameters remained below their control levels. However, the plasma protein concentration and the haematocrit values remained significantly above their pre-dehydration control levels up to the 4 h stage, even with water freely available, thus showing that drinking stopped even though the extracellular fluid phase remained dehydrated. Only with food available did the blood measures return to normal. It is concluded that the cellular fluid phase forms an integral part of the mechanisms involved in the termination of drinking in the pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Optimization of quantitative culture assay for human immunodeficiency virus from plasma. Plasma Viremia Group Laboratories of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases).

Experimental conditions essential to a simple, reproducible, quantitative human immunodeficiency virus plasma assay were determined. Five parameters were evaluated: length of culture, reproducibility, assay dilution schema, washing procedures, and anticoagulant usage. The recommended quantitative plasma assay utilizes undiluted citrated plasma cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 14 days with fivefold dilutions and a medium change on day 1 with no washing.

Blood↗
PubMed1979

Distribution of gold among plasma fractions in rheumatoid patients undergoing chrysotherapy compared with its distribution in plasma incubated with aurothiomalate in vitro.

The distribution of gold among the globulin, albumin, and unbound fractions of plasma, obtained either from rheumatoid patients receiving long-term aurothiomalate therapy or from samples incubated with aurothiomalate in vitro, has been investigated. In the rheumatoid patients it has been found that, although the majority of the plasma gold is always bound to albumin, the distribution varies cyclically in phase with the dose schedule. An explanation of these phenomena is provided, based on data obtained from the reaction between aurothiomalate and plasma constituents in vitro.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1976

Plasma renin, angiotensin II, and plasma and urinary aldosterone in running exercise.

Plasma renin activity (PRA), renin concentration (PRC), angiotensin II and urinary aldosterone of four male athletes were investigated before and after a running exercise of 3 X 300 m. After the exercise, there were marked increases in all these parameters. The maximal increases (of the means and the ranges), found in the samples taken 30 min after the exercise, were: 108% (27-230%, P less than 0.05) in PRA, 490% (240-800%, P less than 0.01) in PRC, 830% (400-1,970%, P less than 0.025) in plasma angiotensin II and 1,600% (160-3,920%, P less than 0.02) in plasma aldosterone. The increase in the urinary excretion of aldosterone was 120% (42-180%, P less than 0.025). This study demonstrates that intense physical exercise may cause marked changes in all the three main components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The significance of these changes for the physiological function of the human organism in physical stress needs further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relation between plasma prolactin and plasma homovanillic acid in normal subjects.

The relation between fasting, a.m. plasma prolactin and plasma/homovanillic acid (HVA) was studied in 9 healthy males on one occasion and in 9 healthy females on two occasions (in the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle). There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma HVA and plasma prolactin in females in the follicular phase only. The correlation between these two measures, although also in the same direction, was not significant in females in the luteal phase or in males. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of vertebral artery infusions of oxytocin on plasma vasopressin concentration, plasma renin activity, blood pressure and heart rate and their responses to hemorrhage.

Infusion of oxytocin into one vertebral artery of anesthetized dogs did not alter plasma vasopressin concentration, blood pressure or heart rate. However, there was a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in plasma renin activity (PRA; delta = 7.6 +/- 2.3 ng/ml X h). A 35% hemorrhage caused blood pressure to fall by 9.4 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and PRA to rise by 8.8 +/- 2.7 ng/ml X h (p less than 0.05). In 8 dogs that were subjected to a similar hemorrhage and that also received an intravertebral infusion of oxytocin, blood pressure was maintained and PRA increased by 14 +/- 4.3 ng/ml X h (p less than 0.05). Heart rate and plasma vasopressin responses were similar in both hemorrhage groups. The results indicate that oxytocin prevented the fall in blood pressure associated with a hemorrhage, possibly by increasing renin release.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of acute increases in plasma osmolality on plasma vasopressin-associated neurophysin in conscious rats: implications for osmoregulation.

We studied the responses of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system to intravenous infusions of 18% saline, 25% mannitol and a combination of 15% mannitol and 1.35% saline in conscious, chronically catheterized Long-Evans rats. Infusions of 18% saline and 25% mannitol produced similar increases in plasma osmolality (Posm) and plasma vasopressin-associated neurophysin concentration [( VP-RNP]). As expected, plasma sodium concentration [( Na+]) for the 18% saline-treated animals was significantly elevated while that for the 25% mannitol-treated animals was significantly reduced. Mannitol infusion caused a significantly greater loss of body weight. The slopes of the relationship between delta [VP-RNP] and delta Posm were almost identical for the two groups. Infusion of a combination of 15% mannitol and 1.35% saline produced a rise in Posm comparable to that observed for the other two infusion regimens, but caused smaller increases in [VP-RNP], the slope of the relationship between delta [VP-RNP] and delta Posm being about half of those for the infusion with 18% saline or 25% mannitol. This combination also maintained [Na+] close to normal levels and in these animals there was a loss of body weight that was significantly smaller than that for those rats receiving 25% mannitol. The results of this study imply that factors other than osmoreceptors and/or sodium receptors are involved in causing a release of neurohypophysial principles during acute infusion of hypertonic solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Biliary contrast agents: comparative study about the binding to human plasma and the effect of human plasma on hepatic uptake.

The binding of one oral and five intravenous biliary contrast agents to human plasma was determined by equilibrium dialysis. Large differences of the binding strength were found. The presence of human plasma in the incubation medium largely inhibited the rate of the uptake of the six drugs by rat livers slices. A positive linear correlation between the extent of the plasma protein binding and the inhibition of the hepatic uptake could be demonstrated for the six biliary contrast agents investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison between the unsaturated plasma folate binder and in vivo labelled plasma folate binder.

Endogenous plasma folate binder denuded of folate by dialysis at pH 3, subsequently bound more methylfolate than folic acid, in contrast with the minor unsaturated plasma binder which bound folic acid in preference to methylfolate. On Sephadex DEAE-A50 chromatography 14C-CH3H4PteGlu bound to acid-denuded endogenous binder, eluted like the endogenous binder-radioactivity, labelled in vivo after oral 14C-CH3H4PteGlu. It is suggested that the endogenous plasma folate binder is not identical with the unsaturated binder.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hypothermia on plasma metabolites in preterm newborn infants with particular references to plasma free amino acids.

Blood glucose, blood lactate, plasma free fatty acids, plasma alpha-amino nitrogen, plasma free amino acids and blood urea nitrogen were measured in 15 hypothermic preterm infants (mean rectal temperature: 34.5 +/- 0.28 degrees C) during a 2-hour 'warming-up' period following admission to our neonatal intensive care unit. Hypothermia was associated with lactacidemia and hyperalaninemia. The increase in body temperature of the infants resulted in the decrease of lactacidemia and hyperalaninemia. Normal levels of other metabolites remained unchanged.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of antiepileptic drugs between plasma, plasma water, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and brain.

The following conclusions can be drawn from our results. The concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid correspond to the concentrations of the unbound part and saliva at a high lipid solubility. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain were interpreted as a uniform compartment. The unbound concentrations of low lipid soluble drugs in plasma do not reflect the concentrations of drugs in cerebrospinal fluid. The correlation between the unbound drug in plasma, CSF and brain must be determined. The concentrations of lipid soluble drugs in plasma, water or saliva is representative for the concentration of antiepileptic drugs in central nervous system.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Species, diet, and gender differences in plasma postheparin lipolytic activities in nonhuman primates. Relationships with plasma lipids and high density lipoproteins.

Studies were done in selected groups of nonhuman primates in which the diet (low fat and high fat as either polyunsaturated or saturated fat), gender, and species (African green monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys) were varied. Large differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were found among these groups, providing the opportunity to examine their relationships to postheparin lipolytic activities (PHLA) including lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL). PHLA was measured in plasma drawn 20 minutes after injection of heparin (100 units/kg). The assay was done with a radioactive triglyceride emulsion, and LPL and HTGL activities were estimated after 1 M NaCl inhibition of the former. LPL activity was high in both species of monkeys, and HTGL activity was low; the ratio of HTGL/LPL was consistently less than 0.5. The mean values for LPL activity did not vary significantly among experimental groups, but significant negative correlations between LPL activity and plasma triglyceride concentration were found. Statistically significant diet, species, and gender differences in HTGL activities were found. In high-fat-fed compared to low-fat-fed animals, HTGL activities were higher, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and the percentages of HDL2b were also higher. African green monkeys had consistently higher HTGL activities than cynomolgus monkeys and had higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol and a greater proportion of HDL as the larger HDL2b subfraction. Significantly lower HTGL activities were found in females compared to males fed the low-fat diets, and females had a significantly greater proportion of total HDL in the HDL2b subfraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in angina pectoris. Influence of plasma insulin and acute-phase response.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis. It circulates in blood both in free active form and in inactive form complexed with tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Control mechanisms for its synthesis and release from hepatocytes and endothelial cells are important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. Possible risk factors for myocardial infarction include high insulin and PAI-1 levels, which correlate with one another in healthy subjects, and fibrinogen, which together with PAI-1, is an acute-phase reactant. We therefore studied the interrelationships between PAI-1, plasma insulin, and acute-phase proteins in 67 patients with angina pectoris. Plasma insulin correlated strongly (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001) with PAI activity, free PAI-1 antigen (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001), and total PAI-1 antigen (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001). The acute-phase proteins, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein, correlated significantly with t-PA antigen, total PAI-1 antigen, and PAI-1/t-PA complexes but not with PAI activity or free PAI-1. The results suggest that insulin stimulates synthesis and release of free PAI-1 (probably via hepatocytes as previously shown with cell culture) and that endothelial cell synthesis and release of t-PA, together with PAI-1, reflects a nonspecific acute-phase response to chronic vascular disease. Hyperinsulinemia found in patients with angina pectoris could play a role in the development of myocardial infarction via the induction of high plasma PAI-1 activity.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗