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Results for “PECTORALIS MUSCLES”

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Biochemical and cytochemical comparison of surface membranes from normal and dystrophic chickens.

Cytochemical and biochemical characteristics of the surface membrane components of avian dystrophic muscle were examined. A Mg2+- or Ca2+-activated ("basic") adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) was localized cytochemically in fixed, intact dystrophic muscle slices in a medium containing Mg2+ or Ca2+, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and 1 microM free Pb2+ to capture enzymatically released phosphate ions. Electron-dense staining precipitates were found to be associated with the plasmalemma and its tortuous invaginations, and the transverse components of the T-system membrane and its associated proliferated networks. Enzymatic analysis of microsomal fractions isolated from 7-day-old and 90-day-old normal and dystrophic muscle showed a complex behavior. Specific activity of "basic" ATPase decreased with maturity in normal and dystrophic animals. The specific activities of the surface membrane associated enzymes, leucyl beta-naphthylamidase, adenylate cyclase, and guanylate cyclase, remained at various elevated levels in the mature dystrophic animals, in contrast to the normal muscle, which showed decreases in the specific activity of all three enzymes with maturation. The persistent high levels in some but not all enzyme activities in 90-day-old dystrophic muscle indicates a complicated developmental pattern in the dystrophic chicken muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1981

Postnatal growth and organ development in the goose (Anser anser).

A hypothesis has been formulated stating that the rate at which growth proceeds is at least partly determined by the distribution of growth between different organs. In order to test the hypothesis a series of studies of organ growth has been undertaken in some birds with widely ranging growth rate factors. This study describes the postnatal growth and the pattern of organ development of the goose, a species with a high growth rate factor. The results show that the pattern of organ growth is characterized by an early development of the digestive organs and the liver and by a late development of the wings, pectorals and feathers. These results are in close agreement with the hypothesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Recent advances in breast reconstruction: transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle singly or with the overlying skin.

This article presents the details of an operation for the transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle as an integral part of the reconstruction of the breast. Muscle alone may be transposed to restore lost pectoralis major muscle contour following the standard Halsted radical mastectomy, or a compound island flap of skin and muscle may be used to replace both the resected muscle and skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Asynergia in cerebellar ataxia--the significance of impairment of elbow fixation in forearm pronation-supination test].

Patients with cerebellar ataxia often show swing of the upper arms or the elbows in forearm pronation-supination test (FPS test). Eleven healthy volunteers and sixteen patients with cerebellar ataxia were examined. We observed FPS test of the subject with their shoulder and elbow joints being flexed at a right angle respectively in sitting position, and recorded them by VTR. We noticed following four points in FPS movement: 1) velocity and regularity, 2) amplitude, 3) finger posture, 4) state of elbow fixation. We recorded surface EMG of the upper arm-fixing muscles (deltoid, pectoralis major, infraspinatus) and the forearm-moving muscles (biceps brachii, pronator teres). In controls, FPS movements were regular and speedy. The upper arm was so well fixed that the elbow did not swing. Continuous discharges were recorded from upper arm-fixing muscles when the upper arm was lifting. Reciprocal grouping discharges were recorded during FPS movements from upper arm-fixing muscles so that they were suppressing the swing of the elbow. In ataxic patients, FPS movements were dysrhythmic and slow. The elbow swung during FPS test. We observed internal rotation and abduction of the shoulder when forearm pronated, and outer rotation and adduction of the shoulder when forearm supinated. Reciprocal grouping discharges that were reverse of normal ones were recorded from upper arm-fixing muscles so that they were aggravating the swing of the elbow. Synergia is an ability to accomplish the various muscle contractions coordinately when making up a certain action. Asynergia is one of the characteristic features of disturbance of the association of muscle contractions of the upper arm and the forearm. FPS test is easy and useful to detect asynergia of the upper extremity in cerebellar ataxia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The ultrastructure of the neuromuscular synaptic terminal in the frog after denervation].

Ultrastructure of certain myoneural terminals were studied on serial sections on day 3, 5 and 8 after denervation. Ultrastructure of the terminal proximal and distal regions and Schwann cell were studied by means of morphometry and reconstruction of single terminals. On day 3 after denervation Schwann cell is activated in terminal proximal regions more rapidly than in distal ones with contractility in the terminal proximal region being more significant than in distal. On day 5 after denervation changes cover both initial and terminal regions and on day 8 almost all the regions where terminal were placed earlier were occupied with Schwann cell. A suggestion is made that structural changes in the Schwann cell-terminal system are the major contributors to decrease of synaptic discharge in early stages of denervation and appearance of Schwann cell potentials in more late ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Chicken dystrophy. The geometry of the transverse tubules.

The pectoral muscle of chickens afflicted with muscular dystrophy, when examined with the electron microscope, contains a) numerous, often quite large vesicles with and without caveolar evaginations, b) tubules with caveolar evaginations, and c) tubular networks. We have demonstrated that all these structures are derivatives of the transverse tubles as revealed by tracer studies and freeze-fracture complementary replicas. The membranes of transverse tubular origin show a small number of intramembranous particles on both P and E faces with no complementary geometry. The membranes of the free sacrcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the junctional SR of normal and dystrophic muscle appear identical in complementary freeze-fracture replicas. Vesicles that carry only a small number of particles on both E and P faces exposed by freeze-fracturing in isolated SR preparations can be taken as presumptive evidence and serve as a morphologic marker for transverse tubular origin of such vesicles when mitochondrial and lysosomal contamination has been excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Identification and characterization of two huge protein components of the brush border cytoskeleton: evidence for a cellular isoform of titin.

Two extremely high molecular weight proteins were found to be components of the intestinal epithelial cell brush border cytoskeleton. The largest brush border protein, designated T-protein, migrated on SDS gels as a doublet of polypeptides with molecular weights similar to muscle titin T I and T II. The other large brush border protein, designated N-protein, was found to have a polypeptide molecular weight similar to muscle nebulin. In Western analysis, a polyclonal antibody raised against brush border T-protein reacted specifically with T-protein in isolated brush borders and cross-reacted with titin in pectoralis and cardiac muscle samples. T-protein was distinguished from the muscle titins by an anti-cardiac titin mAb. A polyclonal antibody raised against N-protein was specific for N-protein in brush borders and cross-reacted with nothing in pectoralis muscle. Immunolocalization in cryosections of intestinal epithelia and SDS-PAGE analysis of fractionated brush borders revealed that both T-protein and N-protein are concentrated distinctly in the brush border terminal web region subjacent to the microvilli, but absent from the microvilli. EM of rotary-replicated T-protein samples revealed many of the molecules to be long (912 +/- 40 nm) and fibrous with a globular head on one end. In some of the molecules, the head domain appeared to be extended in a fibrous conformation yielding T-protein up to 1,700-nm long. The brush border N-protein was found as long polymers with a repeating structural unit of approximately 450 nm. Our findings indicate that brush border T-protein is a cellular isoform of titin and suggest that both T-protein and N-protein play structural roles in the brush border terminal web.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Developmental myosin heavy chain progression in avian type IIB muscle fibres.

Myosin heavy chain species were investigated during development in avian pectoralis major muscles (type IIB fibres) by high resolution anion-exchange chromatography of the myosin head region, subfragment-1. At 15 days in ovo four distinct fast-type heavy chain species, I, II, III and IV, in order of elution, were identified. By 19 days in ovo, form IV had become predominant and remained the major species through 3-days post-hatch. This form has been named the peri-hatch form. Between 3 and 5 days post-hatch, a second massive change occurred such that by 5 days post-hatch a new species, V, apparent at 19 days in ovo in small amounts, dominated and at 8 days post-hatch was the only heavy chain species present. Form V, which corresponds to that previously identified as the post-hatch form, continued as the major species through 20 days post-hatch and was replaced slowly by the adult form. N-terminal sequencing of CNBr peptides from three subfragment-1 heavy chain species, the peri-hatch (form IV), the post-hatch (form V) and adult, revealed differences in amino acid sequence consistent with the three being products of different genes. These results confirm and extend recent reports of complexity in fast heavy chain expression prior to hatching in the chicken (Hofmann et al., 1988; Van Horn & Crow, 1989).

Amino Acid Sequence↗