Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OSTEOSCLEROSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Multiple-myeloma bone disease. The comparative effect of sodium fluoride and calcium carbonate or placebo.

A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 26 patients with multiple myeloma to compare the therapeutic effect of sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) and placebo. All patients also received melphalan and prednisone for one week every six weeks. Bone biopsies for microradiography and histology, and videodensitometry as well as conventional roentgenograms, 99mTc-polyphosphate bone scans, and bone densitometry of the mid and distal radius, were done initially and one year after therapy. Microradiography and videodensitometry studies revealed significant increases in bone formation (P less than 0.01) and bone mass (P less than 0.005) in the fluoride-calcium group. Bone trabeculae appeared thickened on roentgenograms of six of 13 fluoride-calcium-treated patients (P less than 0.02). Technetium bone scans and bone densitometry determinations proved insensitive for detection of skeletal changes. Fluoride calcium should be considered a useful adjunct in the treatment for multiple myeloma.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy. The spectrum of POEMS syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) syndrome and osteosclerotic myeloma (polyneuropathy and sclerotic bone lesions) may both be manifestations of plasma-cell dyscrasia, but the interrelation of these diseases is not clear. We therefore set out to define the clinical spectrum of disease in patients with plasma-cell dyscrasia and polyneuropathy who have the complete or incomplete form of the POEMS syndrome or osteosclerotic myeloma. METHODS: Among 2714 patients with plasma-cell dyscrasia who were identified between 1973 and 1989, we reviewed the cases of those with polyneuropathy and plasma-cell dyscrasia who fulfilled the criteria for the POEMS syndrome or osteosclerotic myeloma. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (1.4 percent) with a median age of 51 years were identified, 22 of whom were male. By definition, all had polyneuropathy (37 combined sensorimotor, and 1 primarily motor). Other findings included osteosclerotic bone lesions (82 percent), skin abnormalities (58 percent), lymphadenopathy (42 percent), papilledema (37 percent), peripheral edema (29 percent), hepatomegaly (24 percent), splenomegaly (21 percent), and ascites (11 percent). Thirty-three patients (87 percent) had an abnormal M protein in serum or urine (17 had IgA lambda, and 12 IgG lambda). Five patients fulfilled all the criteria for the POEMS syndrome. The estimated five-year survival in the 38 patients was 60 percent, which was significantly better than the 20 percent survival in 869 patients with multiple myeloma (P < 0.05). The clinical course was similar among the patients with the complete form of the POEMS syndrome and those with the incomplete form. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy is a rare multisystem disease that often presents with osteosclerotic bone lesions. The differentiation of the POEMS syndrome from so-called osteosclerotic myeloma with peripheral neuropathy appears to have no clinical value.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Erdheim-Chester disease of the jaws: literature review and case report.

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare systemic lipogranulomatous disorder of adults that shares some histopathologic features similar to Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and that results in characteristic radiographic changes in the long bones. Relatively few cases have been reported in the jaws. We present a literature review of jaw cases and the first case report to describe detailed radiographic and pathologic features of jaw involvement, as well as clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic follow-up of the untreated jaw lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle involvement in myotonic dystrophy: a study by magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in myotonic dystrophy (MD) patients. STUDY DESIGN: MRI of the masticatory muscles and TMJ was performed in 15 MD patients, 11 male and 4 female, aged 16 to 53 years (mean, 31 years). Many of them had dental malocclusion, especially Angle class III and anterior open bite, and 3 complained of recurrent TMJ dislocation. TMJ and masticatory muscle pain was not observed, and joint sounds were noted in only 1 patient. RESULTS: The analysis of MRI scans showed masticatory muscle involvement in 13 patients (86.6%). In 11, the involvement was moderate to intense. The main abnormalities observed were increased intramuscular tissue signal on T1 (fatty infiltration) and volumetric reduction of muscles. Regarding the TMJ, articular disk displacement was seen in only 1 patient, but abnormalities of disk shape were common. Mild bone abnormalities were frequently observed, including changes of shape and contour of bone surface, and sclerosis of bone marrow. In 4 patients the condyle moved anterior to the eminence with the mouth opened fully (condylar hyperexcursion). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that masticatory muscles are frequently and intensively affected in MD patients. Bone changes are the most consistent abnormalities observed in the TMJ. It is possible that remodeling is caused by biomechanical changes in the jaw as a result of masticatory muscle involvement.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Value of computed tomography findings in differentiating between intraosseous malignant tumors and osteomyelitis of the mandible affecting the masticator space.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography (CT) images in the differentiation between intraosseous malignant tumors and osteomyelitis spreading into the masticator space. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective evaluation was carried out by using CT images from 12 patients with intraosseous malignant tumors and 9 patients with osteomyelitis involving the masticator space and accompanying mandibular bone destruction. The following CT observations are discussed: (1) bone destruction pattern subdivided into spotty, gross, or permeative; (2) cortical bone expansion; (3) diffuse osteosclerotic changes; (4) periosteal reaction; (5) masticator muscle involvement; (6) enlargement of the facial muscle; and (7) attenuation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. RESULTS: The pattern of permeative bone destruction, cortical bone expansion, and the enlargement of both the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles were all observed in patients with malignant tumors. In contrast, diffuse sclerotic change and a periosteal reaction were significant observations in patients with osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of CT in establishing a differential diagnosis of malignant tumors or osteomyelitis is supported by this study.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

47Ca turnover in endemic fluorosis and endemic genu valgum.

1. Calcium turnover was determined after intravenous injection of radioactive 47Ca in patients with fluorosis and endemic genu valgum and in age-matched controls. Total Ca turnover in the body, loss of Ca from the body in urine, faeces and sweat (external turnover) and bone mineralization rate were calculated from whole-body retention of 47Ca and specific activity of 47Ca in serum. 2. Total Ca turnover was significantly higher in younger subjects than in older subjects. 3. Total Ca turnover was significantly higher in patients with fluorosis and in those with endemic genu valgum than in age-matched controls, but the external turnover of Ca was lower in both groups of patients than in controls. 4. Bone mineralization rate was significantly higher in patients with fluorosis and in those with genu valgum as compared to age-matched controls. 5. Total body Ca turnover and bone mineralization rates were significantly higher in patients with endemic genu valgum than in those with fluorosis. The differences persited even after adjusting for differences in age between patients with fluorosis and those with genu valgum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Progression of radiographic changes in the temporomandibular joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in relation to inflammatory markers and mediators in the blood.

The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal radiographic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with clinical involvement of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relation to the blood level of inflammatory mediators and markers. Sixteen patients were investigated by computed tomography on two occasions 25-46 months apart. The radiographs were assessed independently for changes in presence of erosions, sclerosis, flattening, osteophytes, and subchondral pseudocysts. The serum (S) or plasma (P) concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), thrombocyte particle concentration, scrotonin (S-5-HT and P-5-HT), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor type II, interleukin-1 soluble receptor type II (P-IL-1sRII) and interleukin 6 as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. The radiographic status showed no consistent or significant change during the observation period, but the individual variation was considerable. The radiographic signs of erosion and sclerosis varied most. Regression of erosions was associated with high S-5-HT and P-IL-1sRII, while progression of erosions was associated with high P-5-HT. Regression of sclerosis was associated with an increase in P-5-HT and high ESR. Progression of flattening was associated with high CRP. In conclusion, this study indicates that the progression of radiographic changes that occurs in the TMJ of patients with well-controlled RA during a period of 25-46 months seems to be related to the blood levels of CRP, 5-HT, and IL-1sRII. However, only minor progression can be expected to occur, and with considerable individual variation.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of new sclerotic bone metastases in breast cancer patients during treatment.

PURPOSE: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for response of bone metastases to therapy, new lesions indicate progressive disease. We intended to prove that a new sclerotic lesion on conventional radiography may also be a sign of a positive therapeutic response in a previously undetectable lytic metastasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous placebo-controlled clinical trial of clodronate (Ostac) therapy, 139 breast cancer patients with bone metastases underwent both conventional radiography and bone scan every 6 months for 2 years with 99mTc before and during clodronate treatment. WHO criteria were applied for therapy response evaluation. RESULTS: In 24 patients, 52 new sclerotic lesions observed during therapy were selected for re-evaluation of conventional radiographs and bone scans. In 8 of the 24 patients, 17 of 52 new sclerotic lesions (33%) had showed positive uptake on previous bone scans. These lesions were possibly misinterpreted as new when applying WHO criteria. CONCLUSION: For better assessment of new sclerotic lesions during treatment, more sensitive techniques, e.g. bone scan, are needed as a complement to conventional radiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Radiographic morphology in the temporomandibular joint after diskectomy.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the radiographic appearance in the temporomandibular joint after diskectomy in patients refractory to conservative treatment. The diskectomies were performed in patients in which the common diagnosis were internal derangement or symptoms of osteoarthrosis. Postoperative radiographs were taken in 25 patients after 1-17 yrs and compared with the preoperative from both the operated and the nonoperated joints. Moderate to severe osteoarthrotic changes were found on the operated side in all but two patients in contrast to on the nonoperated side where such changes were absent in all patients except in one who had minor to moderate changes. The radiographic examinations showed flattening of the condylar head but also irregularities and bone apposition. In almost all patients the fossa showed a sclerotic surface, flattening but only occasionally bone apposition and irregularities. Sclerotic changes were found in about 50% of the patients but erosions only rarely. Similar postsurgical changes were also seen on the articular eminence. A reduced joint space was seen in 18 patients. The postsurgical radiographic changes are the normal out come of diskectomy and do not have clinical significance even though they resemble degenerative joint disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inflammatory mediators and radiographic changes in temporomandibular joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and serotonin (5-HT), the inflammatory markers erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and thrombocyte particle concentration (TPC) in blood versus temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiographic changes in patients with clinical TMJ involvement by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty patients were included. Venous blood was collected for quantification of the mediators, markers, and TPC. The radiographic signs of erosion, flattening, sclerosis, subchondral pseudocyst, and osteophyte as well as radiographic grade were investigated with computed tomography. The median (IQR) plasma levels of TNFalpha and 5-HT were 0 (13) pg/ mL and 13 (22) nmol/L, respectively, while serum level of 5-HT was 1360 874) nmol/L ESR, CRP, and TPC were abnormally high in 53%, 250%, and 15% of the patients, respectively. The most frequent radiographic signs were sclerosis (75%), erosion (50%), and flattening (30%). Erosion was found to be associated with high TPC and flattening with high plasma level of TNFalpha. In conclusion, patients with clinical TMJ involvement by RA show an association between high level of TPC and TNFalpha in plasma versus radiographic signs of joint bone destruction.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Radiographic characteristics in mandibular condyles of orthodontic patients before treatment.

Pretreatment panoramic radiographs and patient files of 625 orthodontic patients (269 males and 356 females), aged 4-15.9 years (mean 11.0, SD 1.7) were evaluated with special emphasis on the mandibular condyles and malocclusions. Radiographic characteristics in the mandibular condyle were seen in 14 children (2.2 per cent), comprising six boys (2.2 per cent) and eight girls (2.3 per cent). There were no statistically significant differences between orthodontic patients before treatment and normal population controls (n = 410,229 males and 181 females, mean age 11.4 years, SD 1.8). No statistically significant difference in the frequency of condylar characteristics was found between younger (under 12) and older (over 12) children. Angle Class II molar relationship was the only type of morphological malocclusion associated (P < 0.05) with condylar characteristics. The means of several cephalometric measurements in the children with condylar characteristics were close to those of children with harmonious skeletal relationships.

Adolescent↗