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PubMed2005

[Determinants of smoking and cessation during pregnancy].

UNLABELLED: Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to both foetus and the woman herself. Identification of determinants of the smoking and cessation is important for any intervention efforts. Then the aim is finding these factors and assesment their impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18,177 medical records gathered in 2001-2002 througout nationwide telematic perinatal registry. Binomial and multinomial regression was used. MAIN OBSERVATIONS: 27% of pregnant woman cease smoking at onset of the pregnancy, 36,4% limit or cease smoking during the pregnancy, 36,5% continue smoking withuot alteration. The smoking and cessation during pregrancy is assotiated mainly with sociodemografic and also with heath charakteristics. RESULTS: Distribution of smoking women one year befor pregnancy is two modal with extrema for 18 and 45 years of age. For smoking during pregnancy urban area increases the odd, pathology in pregnancy increases the odd, married status decreases the odd, the odd decrease with increasing level of education. For smoking cessation at onset of pregnancy urban area increases the odd, first baby increases the odd , married status increases the odd, the odds increase with increasing maternal age. Change in odds doesn't depend on pathology of pregnancy and maternal diseases in past. Distribution by age of the percentage of smoking women proves effectiveness of the smoking control in Poland. Crucial for smoking and cessation are socjodemographic factors, in smaller degree heath factors. Pregnancy is favourable time for smoking interventions programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Feathering the nest: what women want from the birth environment.

The National Childbirth Trust wants all women to be able to give birth with confidence and dignity, and believes it is important for women to begin motherhood feeling fit and well, good about themselves, and valued and supported by others. Good health and positive experiences can act as a buffer against the tiredness and demands of looking after a new baby. This paper draws on surveys conducted in 2003 and 2005 to describe what women want and need from birth environments, and how these factors can help or hinder them in having the kind of birth experience they desire.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interpretative views on Hispanics' perinatal problems of low birth weight and prenatal care.

From a public health perspective, there is a need to recognize that Hispanics, and in particular Mexican Americans, are a very heterogeneous group. They represent all shades of acculturation, education, income, and citizenship status. As this minority group continues to increase in numbers, pertinent information about their perinatal health problems in the context of their sociocultural characteristics will be required. This review examines critically the recent literature related to low birth weight and prenatal care and suggests alternative ways to address these perinatal health issues. Low birth weight is examined in the context of the problem of intrauterine growth retardation and the potential mechanisms and consequences of different types of growth limitation in utero which have not been studied in this population. The use of prenatal care by Mexican American women and its association with birth weight is examined as an indication of maternal behavior or as a health care intervention. The implications for public health policy are discussed in relation to the identification, interpretation, and evaluation of these perinatal health issues in this minority population.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Two sexually dimorphic cell groups in the human brain.

A quantitative analysis of the volume of 4 cell groups in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (PO-AHA) and of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the human brain was performed in 22 age-matched male and female individuals. We suggest the term Interstitial Nuclei of the Anterior Hypothalamus (INAH 1-4) to identify these 4 previously undescribed cell groups in the PO-AHA. While 2 INAH and the SON were not sexually dimorphic, gender-related differences were found in the other 2 cell groups. One nucleus (INAH-3) was 2.8 times larger in the male brain than in the female brain irrespective of age. The other cell group (INAH-2) was twice as large in the male brain, but also appeared to be related in women to circulating steroid hormone levels. Since the PO-AHA influences gonadotropin secretion, maternal behavior, and sexual behavior in several mammalian species, these results suggest that functional sex differences in the hypothalamus may be related to sex differences in neural structure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Mother-father-child interactions in families with a mentally retarded young child.

The functioning of families with a mentally retarded young child was studied by examining maternal, paternal, and child interactions. Forty Israeli families with retarded children and a developmentally matched sample were observed at home. In families with a retarded child, there was less frequent maternal behavior toward the retarded child, less frequent communicative behavior of the retarded child toward the parents, and more frequent spousal interchanges with regard to the child. Fathers of retarded children differed less from fathers of nonretarded children than did mothers. Results were discussed in relation to home-based intervention with retarded children.

Adult↗