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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

A new approach to control of anemia in "at risk" infants and children around the world. 2004 Ryley-Jeffs memorial lecture.

An estimated 60-80% of the world's population is affected by iron deficiency. It is the most common preventable nutritional deficiency in the world, despite global goals for its reduction. Young children are the highest risk group, particularly during their rapid period of growth. Anemia in infants and young children is known to have a negative impact on motor and socioemotional development and cognitive function. A new intervention, microencapsulated ferrous fumarate Sprinkles, has been developed to treat iron deficiency. The development process took the intervention from the idea stage to the research stage to the implementation stage. Multiple micronutrient Sprinkles are a breakthrough in meeting the global challenge to reduce childhood anemia due to iron and other micronutrient deficiencies. The goal of the Sprinkles project is to reduce the global burden of childhood anemia by promoting healthy weaning practices, by advocating home-fortification strategies to increase the micronutrient content of weaning foods, and by making Sprinkles widely available, particularly in developing countries.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed2005

Imagination nourishes dietetic practice. 2005 Ryley-Jeffs Memorial Lecture.

Albert Einstein once stated that imagination is more important than knowledge. How important is imagination to the dietetic profession? What have been the imaginations of dietitians over the years? Where would we be today without these imaginations? Can imagination be fostered and developed? What future imaginations will shape the dietetic profession? This article explores the phenomenon of imagination and why it is important to dietetic practice.

Canada↗
PubMed2006

A nutrition odyssey: knowledge discovery, translation, and outreach. 2006 Ryley-Jeffs Memorial Lecture.

BACKGROUND: The 21st-century model of health research is founded on a broad base of multidisciplinary research that is expeditiously and effectively translated into evidence-based practice, education, policy, and advocacy. The key objective is to improve the health of populations. DIETITIANS' ROLES: Dietitians, whether they are working in clinical or public health nutrition or food science, have a vital role to play in this paradigm of health research. As dietitians' roles have evolved beyond the traditional ones into subspecialties including epidemiology, nutrigenomics, functional foods, nutraceuticals, toxicology, natural health products, and multidisciplinary research, the need for advanced training in subspecialty fields has become essential. OPPORTUNITIES: A dietetics background is an excellent foundation upon which to develop a research career in one of these new areas of nutrition. Opportunities for personnel awards and research funding targeted at nutrition clinician-scientists and other nutrition subspecialists have grown tremendously in recent years. CONCLUSION: The information in this paper is intended to inspire dietitians seeking advanced academic training in one of the new exciting avenues for a career in nutrition. These avenues will permit dietitians to contribute to knowledge discovery, translation, and outreach to improve the nutritional status and health of populations in Canada and globally.

Canada↗
PubMed2006

Neurosurgeons and their contributions to modern-day athletics: Richard C. Schneider Memorial Lecture.

Neurosurgeons in the last half-century have had considerable influence on modern-day athletics. In this article, the authors address the contributions made by neurosurgeons as clinician-scientists, particularly as these relate to the understanding and reduction of the incidence and severity of injury to the nervous system during athletic competition. American football has been a proving ground for the ability of the craniospinal axis to withstand and, in unfortunate cases, succumb to tremendous impact forces; in this way, it has served as a model for translational research and was the arena in which Dr. Richard Schneider made his greatest contributions to sports neurosurgery. Therefore, in his memory and in the spirit of the Schneider lectureship, the authors outline the notable contribution to modern-day athletics made by neurosurgeons as it applies to American football. Neurosurgeons have had considerable influence on reducing injury severity, and this cause has been championed by a few notable individuals whose efforts are discussed herein.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Reflections on research and policy. The Doris Schwartz Award Lecture.

Long-term care research is one of the most exciting areas that I can imagine for a career and I have been very fortunate to be involved in it. There is an endless array of policy problems, theoretical challenges, methodological issues, and funding opportunities. More important, those of us in the disability and gerontology arena can always feel we are doing important work that has the potential for improving the lives and health care of millions of aged and disabled individuals and for building a better future for ourselves and our families as we age.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Surviving heart failure: Robert L. Frye lecture.

Heart failure is increasing in both incidence and prevalence and is associated with a high mortality. In patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease is the cause for about two thirds. Pathophysiologic changes have been linked to altered muscle function and hemodynamics, elevated neurohormones, and, more recently, cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis. Standard triple therapy for symptomatic heart failure consists of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, digoxin, and a diuretic. In patients with severe heart failure, spironolactone should be added. In large clinical trials, ACE inhibitors, spironolactone, and beta-blockers have reduced mortality. Other drugs may be helpful in the treatment of heart failure. Amiodarone is the antiarrhythmic drug of choice in patients with symptomatic arrhythmias and also has a role in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. Angiotensin II receptor blockers are being compared with ACE inhibitors and appear promising. Newer agents being tested include antagonists to endothelin and tumor necrosis factor. Overall, it is clear that polypharmacy is the standard of care for patients with heart failure. A future challenge will be to prevent heart failure from occurring.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2002

Coronary revascularization on balance: Robert L. Frye lecture.

The first generation of multicenter randomized controlled trials of coronary artery bypass surgery vs medical treatment in the 1970s found survival advantage only in patients with left main coronary artery disease or with multiple risk factors. Over time, these results have remained reproducible and biologically plausible and continue to be the basis for contemporary guidelines for bypass surgery. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which became available some 10 years after surgery, was compared with medical treatment in various clinical settings. Patients with stable angina receiving aggressive medical therapy had survival rates comparable to those undergoing PCI in several trials. In the presence of unstable angina, evidence suggests benefit from intervention after stabilization. In the setting of acute myocardial infarction or cardiogenic shock, PCI showed results superior to lytic therapy in centers with large PCI volume. A comparison of the 2 revascularization methods in the 1990s resulted in no overall 7-year survival difference except in patients with treated diabetes in whom bypass surgery prolonged life compared with angioplasty. None of the revascularizations had an effect on the incidence of myocardial infarctions, but importantly, the presence of bypass grafts reduced their fatal impact compared with both medical treatment and PCI. All revascularization trials reported improvement in quality of life, including symptoms, compared with less aggressive therapy. In the pursuit to explain 3 decades of steady decline of cardiovascular mortality in the United States, health economists attempted to model the decline due to availability of intervention by estimates obtained from contemporary randomized prevention and intervention trials. They concluded that, thus far, treatments have made a greater contribution to the decline than has primary prevention. Randomized trials not only contribute to evidence-based clinical practice, but also can reveal underlying biological mechanisms and provide quantitative data to model population trends. Thus, they should be regarded as the basic science of medical therapeutics and population health.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2002

Genetic causes of inherited cardiac hypertrophy: Robert L. Frye Lecture.

Cardiac hypertrophy is well recognized as a cardiac manifestation of systemic disorders such as hypertension or intrinsic myocardial disease, but it can also reflect an underlying genetic defect. Molecular studies of inherited forms of cardiac hypertrophy have defined 2 novel pathways that lead to cardiac remodeling in adults, discoveries that increasingly provide insights relevant for both diagnosis and management. This article reviews the genetic studies that led to the current molecular understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and discusses more recently discovered causes of inherited cardiac hypertrophy.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uniting practice and theory in an occupational framework. 1998 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture.

The term occupation conveys the powerful essence of our profession--enabling people to seize, take possession of, or occupy the spaces, time, and roles of their lives. Occupation is activity that is both purposeful and meaningful to the person who engages in it. Our uniqueness lies in our use of occupation as a therapeutic agent, but our unique focus on occupation is not always apparent in practice. Four global groups of activities that occupational therapy practitioners use in practice are described--exercise, contrived occupation, therapeutic occupation, and adaptive occupation. Therapeutic occupation and adaptive occupation are proposed as the legitimate activities of occupational therapy. The Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model is then presented. This model stresses a top-down approach to evaluation and provides a framework for implementing adaptive occupation for purposes of compensation as well as therapeutic occupation for purposes of remediation.

Colorado↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The 1999 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture. Defining lives: occupation as identity: an essay on competence, coherence, and the creation of meaning.

This article presents a view of occupation as the principal means through which people develop and express their personal identities. Based on a review of theory and research, it proposes that identity is instrumental to social life because it provides a context for deriving meaning from daily experiences and interpreting lives over time. The article proposes that identity also provides a framework for goal-setting and motivation. It is asserted that competence in the performance of tasks and occupations contributes to identity-shaping and that the realization of an acceptable identity contributes to coherence and well-being. Within this framework, it is postulated that performance limitations and disfigurement that sometimes result from illness or injury have identity implications that should be recognized by occupational therapy practitioners. By virtue of their expertise in daily living skills, occupational therapy practitioners are well positioned to help address the identity challenges of those whom they serve. In so doing, they make an important contribution to meaning and well-being.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The 2004 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture--Time, space, and the kaleidoscopes of occupation.

Our daily round of occupations occurs within time and space. Our understanding of occupation has traditionally viewed time and space as part of the external environment. Patterns of the "when?" and "where?" of occupations can be described. But relating time and space to the internal experience of occupation reflects more of the meaning to individuals and more complex patterns arise. Like the varied bits of glass in the object case of an art kaleidoscope, the multiple elements of occupation interact. Reflected in mirrors of our choice, we find always-changing, complex patterns of daily occupation. The elements of occupation most important for maintaining or regaining health and the mirrors and lens through which we view occupation historically have formed shifting patterns in occupational therapy, patterns of how we view ourselves, our practice, and those to whom we provide our services. We must combine the science and the art of occupational therapy as the metaphor of the kaleidoscope combines both, producing awe and wonder at the result.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

The 1999 Schering Lecture. Cancer: the long and winding road.

Control, hope, uncertainty, and spirituality are not new phenomena, but perhaps we can see them in a different light. We still have much to learn about how these phenomena influence and are influenced by the cancer experience. I have asked you to reflect and consider how you, in your own practice, and your nursing colleagues can reframe cancer as a long-term condition. I have asked you to consider how this may change the ways in which you interact with clients and families. How refocusing might affect the care provided to travellers on the trip of a lifetime; the journey of cancer and the impact nursing can have on that journey. Are we ready to accept the opportunity to be part of someone's story--to journey with them? In their paper on the myth of control of suffering in palliative care, Gregory and English (1994) concluded that, "Reaching out is accomplished through presence, touch and careful listening" (p 22). People experiencing cancer choose those who will journey with them, offering a privilege of the maximal magnitude.

Adaptation, Psychological↗