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PubMed1979

[Inside the labyrinth of feminine delirium.].

In order to understand the problem of the relationship between woman and madness, it is important to take history into account. Mental illness consists in the difficulty to express one's sexual difference in a wide sense (economic, political, ideological, imaginary and symbolical), this is where history comes into consideration. Woman, relegated in the far recess of history, deprived of the possibility to express herself, is today searching for her true expression. As far as the man's confusion of ideas is concerned, because of his denial of woman, all he had left was to differentiate himself from himself and therefore creates symbolic social classes ; this thesis is not an idealistic one - it goes without saying that this symbolical evolution develops itself in interrelation with economic and material development of society. The masculine confusion of ideas (délire) is historical while the feminine one is hysterical. This view of mental illness has political and ideological consequences. The annihilation of the roots of mental illness will come about only through the elimination of social classes and the real liberation of woman. This does not mean the rejection of therapeutic work, revolutions never cured anybody, but the extension of the clinical world to politics, the breaking down of established practices and interdisciplinarity. In short term, we have to deal with individuals who feel in themselves the after effects of an aged social structure, therefore not strictly individual but collective behaviors. In the long term, only a profound social transformation can limit the number of victims of the situation. One day maybe every one will be able to express and achieve themselves in a fully realised communism. This text wanted to be a locus of information on the historical and political basis of mental illness and the interconnected role played by the feminine 'délire' (madness).

English Abstract↗
PubMed1991

[The labyrinth].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Austria↗
PubMed1991

[Congenital cerebrospinal fluid pressure labyrinth].

The audiograms and CT scans of three children with a bilateral congenital mixed deafness are presented. Two children underwent an exploratory tympanotomy revealing a fixed stapes footplate: a perilymph gusher arose during platinotomy in both cases. The gusher was controlled successfully with a large fat graft in both children, and hearing remained unchanged. Two of the children were brothers: they had no other deformities except an enlarged fundus of the auditory canal on CT scans, and no clearly defined bony barrier to the vestibule, suggesting a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Neither a patent nor an abnormal cochlear aqueduct could be detected in all three cases. It is likely that the three patients present an X-linked mixed deafness syndrome with fixation of the stapedial foot plate and perilymph gusher. A classification of congenital perilymph-CSF shunts is proposed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMed1991

[Dealing with labyrinths. General practice and research in psychoanalysis--an evaluation].

If psychotherapy research is to yield results relevant for therapeutic practice, it must broaden its receptiveness for the peculiarities of this field and for the methods employed by therapists. The therapist works on-line, while the researcher enjoys the advantage of working off-line. Research in psychotherapy has addressed the world of images and affects, the interactive process, the dependence on models, and the specific manner of information processing characteristic of therapy. The author compares the different ways in which the therapeutic and the empirical settings handle suspicion and error.

Affect↗
PubMed1989

[Thyroliberin-induced motor asymmetry as an indicator of the individual behavioral strategy of rats in a radial labyrinth].

The individual peculiarities of functional changes in motor asymmetry determined by behavioral test in T-maze have been shown in experiments with rats (nonpedigree and line LATI). The application of thyroliberin (10 mkg/kg) causes and increases the left-side lateralization which introduces alteration in the individual strategy of the successive round of 12 rays of radial maze with food during solution of spatial orientation task.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transmitter neurochemistry of the efferent neuron system innervating the labyrinth.

It is likely that several mechanisms contribute to the efferent control of cochlear and vestibular function. Different effects are probably mediated by different neuronal transmitters. In spite of a number of transmitter candidates, it is still widely assumed that the entire efferent system can be globally characterized as cholinergic. We attempted to label retrogradely identified efferent neurons in the brainstem with a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine (ACh) synthesizing enzyme. Only a portion of the vestibular efferents could thus be shown to be cholinergic in the rat. Medial cochlear efferents, terminating under outer hair cells, may also be cholinergic since they stain intensely for acetylcholine esterase (AChE) after pre-treatment with the AChE inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). The lateral cochlear efferents terminating under inner hair cells, as well as more than half of the vestibular efferent neuron population, reacted negatively with either method designed to identify cholinergic neurons. Half of the lateral olivo-cochlear neuron population filled retrogradely with tritiated gamma-amino butyric acid [( 3H]-GABA). These cells were similar in size and distribution to neurons staining for the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Retrograde transport of [3H]-aspartate from the inner ear to the brainstem was seen in half of the lateral olivocochlear population, as well as in part of the efferent vestibular population in group E and in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (CPR). Since various peptides have also been located in efferent neurons, this system is chemically diversified. Several distinct mechanisms of efferent control with presumably differing functions must, therefore, exist.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of nystagmus of labyrinth origin on the eye movement curve and optokinetic nystagmus].

The authors evaluated the interaction of follow-up eye movements, of the optokinetic nystagmus with the nystagmus of labyrinthine origin. In 15 subjects without data on an impaired vestibular system they observed during a calorically induced nystagmus follow-up eye movements and the optokinetic nystagmus. They confirmed changes of these curves which were closely associated with the direction of the nystagmus. The above changes can be used as one of the criteria for the differentiation of a spontaneous nystagmus of peripheral origin from central nystagmus.

Adolescent↗