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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

What information patients require on graduated compression stockings.

Graduated compression stockings are used prophylactically on a variety of patients within acute hospitals. Anecdotal evidence suggests patients have a limited understanding of this treatment. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore patients' experiences of compression stockings and to ascertain perceptions of their use. Information was gathered using telephone interviews from a sample of 12 adults who had been patients within the past 2 months, and who had worn compression stockings for more than 48 hours. The results showed that patients received little or no information from healthcare staff regarding compression stockings, but that they did have knowledge from other sources, such as long-haul flight advice. This raises issues of informed consent and patient empowerment and highlights the need for both verbal and written information. The information gained informed a patient information leaflet, which was developed in partnership with a patient focus group.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

1.1 MW peak-power, 7 W average-power, high-spectral-brightness, diffraction-limited pulses from a photonic crystal fiber amplifier.

We report a large-core, Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier generating diffraction-limited (M2 = 1.04), approximately 0.45 ns, approximately 8 GHz linewidth pulses with energies of 540 microJ, peak power in excess of 1.1 MW, and average power of approximately 7.2 W at a repetition rate of 13.4 kHz. The pulse peak spectral brightness exceeds 10 kW/(sr Hz cm2) and is the highest generated by a fiber source, to our knowledge.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Multistage Yb-doped fiber amplifier generating megawatt peak-power, subnanosecond pulses.

A Q-switched microchip laser generating 1064 nm wavelength, subnanosecond pulses at a 13.4 kHz repetition rate was used to seed a dual-stage amplifier featuring a 40 microm core Yb-doped photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) as the power amplifier. From this source, we obtained diffraction-limited (M2 = 1.05), approximately 450 ps pulses of energy > 0.7 mJ, peak power in excess of 1.5 MW, and an average power of approximately 9.5 W. By further amplifying the PCF output in a multimode 140 microm core Yb-doped fiber, we generated a peak power in excess of 4.5 MW, the highest obtained in a fiber source to our knowledge.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2007

The PROTICdb database for 2-DE proteomics.

PROTICdb is a web-based database mainly designed to store and analyze plant proteome data obtained by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). The goals of PROTICdb are (1) to store, track, and query information related to proteomic experiments, i.e., from tissue sampling to protein identification and quantitative measurements; and (2) to integrate information from the user's own expertise and other sources into a knowledge base, used to support data interpretation (e.g., for the determination of allelic variants or products of posttranslational modifications). Data insertion into the relational database of PROTICdb is achieved either by uploading outputs from Mélanie, PDQuest, IM2d, ImageMaster(tm) 2D Platinum v5.0, Progenesis, Sequest, MS-Fit, and Mascot software, or by filling in web forms (experimental design and methods). 2D PAGE-annotated maps can be displayed, queried, and compared through the GelBrowser. Quantitative data can be easily exported in a tabulated format for statistical analyses with any third-party software. PROTICdb is based on the Oracle or the PostgreSQLDataBase Management System (DBMS) and is freely available upon request at http://cms.moulon.inra.fr/content/view/14/44/.

Databases, Protein↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomy: the bodily order].

In this essay I try to show the source of the knowledge that determines a certain view that the healthcare team, particularly the nursing team, has developed on the body, especially the sick body. I understand that this knowledge determines ways of caring for the hospitalized bodies. Based on texts by Foucault I analyze the subject of Anatomy. I present a brief history of its construction as a field of knowledge since Versalius until today, when we find plastinated and digitized bodies. I highlight the cadaver as the student's first contact with a human body and observe that the illustrations contained in Anatomy books privilege male and white bodies. I characterize the body as a radically historical invention and observe that we are culturally trained to perceive it, in an organized way, from given viewpoints and by using certain lenses.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1998

The role of veterinary research laboratories in the provision of veterinary services.

Veterinary research laboratories play an essential role in the provision of veterinary services in most countries. These laboratories are the source of new knowledge, innovative ideas and improved technology for the surveillance, prevention and control of animal diseases. In addition, many laboratories provide diagnostic and other services. To ensure the optimal integration of various veterinary activities, administrators must understand the functions and constraints of research laboratories. Therefore, a brief discussion is presented of the following: organisational structures methods for developing research programmes outputs of research scientists and how these are measured the management of quality assurance funding of research. Optimal collaboration can only be attained by understanding the environment in which a research scientist functions and the motivational issues at stake.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Decision-making by experienced rugby referees: use of perceptual information and episodic memory.

The expertise paradigm was used in two studies to examine decision-making by rugby referees. Videoclips were used to assess infraction detection and knowledge base, or sources of information used. In Study 1, referees of high and low experience were compared, and in Study 2 referees and players were compared. Analysis by signal detection used a framework to classify types of information. Study 1 yielded no differences in detection of infractions as a function of experience, however, referees of high experience used significantly more sources of information than the group with low experience across all categories of information. In Study 2, there were no significant differences between referees and players, with the exception that referees displayed greater use of episodic memory information in decision-making.

Attention↗
PubMed2005

Biological assay methods for mosquito repellents.

Three biological assay procedures for repellents are currently documented in the literature: 1) ASTM E951-94, Laboratory testing of non-commercial repellent formulations on the skin. 2) ASTM E939-94, Field testing topical applications of compounds as repellents for medically important and pest arthropods. 1. Mosquitoes. 3) WHO/CTD/WHOPES/IC/96.1, Report of WHOPES informal consultation on the evaluation and testing of insecticides. One public draft set of repellent-testing guidelines is available on the internet: 4) USEPA OPPTS 810.3700, Product performance test guidelines. Insect repellents for human skin and outdoor premises. In practice, the outcome of a repellent bioassay using any of these procedures is affected by the absorption, penetration, and chemical modification of repellent on skin and by evaporation, abrasion, and perspiration. Other abiotic factors that influence mosquito responses to repellent stimuli are light, temperature, humidity, repellent dose, exposure time, and test-cage shape and size. Biotic variables in repellent bioassays are larval nutrition, carbohydrate availability for adult mosquitoes, age and parity of females, and differences in the innate attraction/ repellency of test subjects. Geographic location and seasonal and diel activity cycles in mosquitoes determine when and where repellents can be tested in the field. Critical knowledge of these sources of variation can be converted to improved precision and accuracy in repellent bioassays and the resulting information used to efficiently select new repellent compounds for toxicological evaluation and field testing.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful cryopreservation of microvenous allografts.

Vein grafts are used in approximately 20% of microsurgical cases. Although autogenous veins currently form the major source, they are associated with increased operating time and donor site scars. Cryopreserved allograft veins may serve as an alternative source. To our knowledge, cryopreservation of veins (1 mm or less) has not been reported. In this article we have described the process of cryopreserving rat veins (less than 1 mm in diameter) and their preliminary use as interpositional vein grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bronchial asthma of occupational origin: a review.

There are immediate benefits when one can establish the diagnosis of occupationally induced asthma. It is a man-made disease and is thus reversible. Diagnosis depends on knowledge of the source and types of exposure which can be correlated with the clinical, physiological and immunologic patterns of affected workers. The discovery of one case can often lead more readily to recognition of others. Individuals with asthma of an occupational origin should be removed from work. Equally as important is the initiation of proper industrial hygiene procedures which would improve the occupational environment and periodic medical surveillance of workers for the identification of early disease or individuals with few or no symptoms.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

Contraceptive practice by women presenting to a free-standing abortion clinic.

A study was made of the contraceptive methods practised by the first 1,007 women who presented to the Preterm Sydney Clinic regarding pregnancy termination, after the clinic opened in June, 1974. The women's use of contraception at the time of the conception in particular, and also the women's general contraceptive history are described. These factors are related to social and demographic variables of age, marital status, educational level, occupation, country of birth, and religion. Additional discussion is included on the types of contraception used, the sources of contraceptive knowledge, and the methods chosen to use after the abortion.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1992

Self-perceived competence of Canadian public health nutritionists.

This study investigated the self-perceived competence of public health nutritionists employed in provincial and municipal/regional departments of health in Canada. One hundred and fifty-three (78%) of all eligible Canadian public health nutritionists responded to a mailed questionnaire. Nutritionists were asked to rate their level of competence on 10 competency scales and to indicate sources of their knowledge and skill development. Respondents gave the highest ratings to their interpersonal and communication skills and the lowest ratings to their research and information management abilities. T-tests showed that nutritionists who had completed a postgraduate degree felt significantly more competent in their managerial and administrative (p less than .05), organizational (p less than .01), program planning/evaluation (p less than .001), research (p less than .001), and supervisory/leadership/facilitating skills (p less than .05) than those with only a bachelor's degree. One-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of geographical location for eight competency scales. The results of this study identify continuing education needs and have implications for the graduate education of public health nutritionists.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Funding clinical research: the need for information and longer term strategies.

The Chief Medical Officer's Working Group on Specialist Medical Training recommended that training in research methodology should be a recognised component of all postgraduate training programmes and that further consideration be given by those responsible for postgraduate education, training and research to establishing how this might be achieved. Funding of the trainee in research is a crucial aspect of this directive, yet both trainers and trainees have described this as haphazard, invariably reliant on 'soft' money. The subject has raised wide discussion and debate. A questionnaire was sent to 205 consultant urologists in the UK, 154 (75%) replied and 130 (84%) had experience of research during their training. The first report examined their opinion about the contribution of research to their training; this report covers the questions directed towards funding, the source of their funding, whether sufficient funds, advice and information were available and where they might expect to obtain such details. The replies indicated a variety of sources of funding; knowledge about the financial support available for research was sparse and the majority considered there was insufficient advice and information available for trainees on the subject. Substantial funds are available for high quality scientific research programmes providing unprecedented opportunities for multidisciplinary collaboration that is essential for advancing clinical practice alongside technological developments. The process of obtaining support can be a time-consuming exercise, raising the need for an administrative infrastructure to select, prioritise and co-ordinate an appropriate research strategy for the future.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed2000

Ultrasound in dermatology. Part I. High frequency ultrasound.

This paper addresses the basic terminology of modern ultrasound equipment for the examination of the skin, the technical limitations of currently available equipment and the normal skin structure. Different applications for dermatosonography are discussed, and the paper summarises current knowledge about common sources of variation in the ultrasound image of the skin, such as skin tumours and selected skin diseases.

Skin↗
PubMed2001

Advocating for quality cancer care: making evidence-based practice a reality.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To highlight oncology nurses as innovators who evaluate published data, develop new skills, and incorporate current knowledge into practice. DATA SOURCES: Published articles and book chapters. DATA SYNTHESIS: Established methods of synthesizing knowledge that can be used to evaluate data and identify areas of innovation. Oncology nurses can influence the adoption of new ideas into their practice. As healthcare evolves, oncology nurses need to adapt and refine their skills. CONCLUSIONS: Oncology nurses and oncology practices will need to demonstrate their value in the future healthcare paradigm. Oncology nurses must think more broadly about their roles. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses should incorporate evidence-based techniques into their practice. Oncology nurses should identify and begin obtaining the skills needed to continue offering high-quality patient care as healthcare systems evolve.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2001

The Patient Informatics Consult Service (PICS): an approach for a patient-centered service.

The Patient Informatics Consult Service (PICS) at the Eskind Biomedical Library at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) provides patients with consumer-friendly information by using an information prescription mechanism. Clinicians refer patients to the PICS by completing the prescription and noting the patient's condition and any relevant factors. In response, PICS librarians critically appraise and summarize consumer-friendly materials into a targeted information report. Copies of the report are given to both patient and clinician, thus facilitating doctor-patient communication and closing the clinician-librarian feedback loop. Moreover, the prescription form also circumvents many of the usual barriers for patients in locating information, namely, patients' unfamiliarity with medical terminology and lack of knowledge of authoritative sources. PICS librarians capture the time and expertise put into these reports by creating Web-based pathfinders on prescription topics. Pathfinders contain librarian-created disease overviews and links to authoritative resources and seek to minimize the consumer's exposure to unreliable information. Pathfinders also adhere to strict guidelines that act as a model for locating, appraising, and summarizing information for consumers. These mechanisms--the information prescription, research reports, and pathfinders--serve as steps toward the long-term goal of full integration of consumer health information into patient care at VUMC.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed2001

Combining decision support and image processing: a PROforma model.

This paper addresses two important problems in medical image interpretation:(1) integration of numeric and symbolic information, (2) access to external sources of medical knowledge. We have developed a prototype in which image processing algorithms are combined with symbolic representations for reasoning, decision making and task management in an integrated, platform-independent system for the differential diagnosis of abnormalities in mammograms. The prototype is based on PROforma, a generic technology for building decision support systems based on clinical guidelines. The PROforma language defines a set of tasks, one of which, the enquiry, is used as means of interaction with the outside world. However, the current enquiry model has proved to be too limited for our purposes. In this paper we outline a more general model, which can be used as an interface between symbolic functions and image or other signal data.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

[Subjective symptoms without objective findings--a challenge for theory and practice of general medicine].

Most practitioners know patients who suffer from subjective symptoms, although the doctor cannot find any objective findings or causal explanations. The majority of patients with medically unexplained disorders are women. In this article, I challenge the idea that these disorders are really unexplainable and inaccessible to diagnosis, treatment, or therapy. I present some experiences and findings from the research project "Symptoms as a source of medical knowledge", where an objective is to develop strategies where the patient's symptom experiences can be used to enhance the doctor's understanding of apparently unexplained disorders, their origins and consequences. Applying the theoretical framework of "recognition" and "empowerment", I propose some strategies intended to help the practitioner to encounter these challenges in everyday clinical practice.

Diagnosis, Differential↗