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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Indication and risk of internal intestinal splinting. Comments and supplement to the published article of W. Kapral: Splinting of the small intestine with the Miller-Abbot tube. Chirurg (1984) 55:394].

The usefulness of splinting of the bowel to prevent recurrent bowel obstruction caused by adhesions is analysed. For that is differentiated between three possible indication groups: 1. late bowel obstruction, 2. early postoperative bowel obstruction, 3. mixed peritonitic and mechanical ileus. The risk of splinting of the bowel can only be seen in relation to the number of recurrences, complications and mortality rates as seen in the three indication groups, treated without splinting. From that it shows that in case of peritonitis splinting can only be an adjuvant measure of therapy, and that in case of both recurrent late bowel obstruction and early postoperative bowel obstruction splinting of the bowel has a real preventive effect. This differentiation in indication is of no importance in childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

The Chinese herbal preparation Qing Yi Tang (QYT) improves intestinal myoelectrical activity and increases intestinal transit during acute pancreatitis in rodents.

The aim was to investigate alterations of intestinal motility in models of acute pancreatitis and to investigate the effects of the Chinese herbal preparation Qing Yi Tang (QYT) on these alterations. Upper gastrointestinal transit was evaluated in mice following induction of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) using caerulein. Myoelectrical activity was recorded in rats after induction of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) using sodium deoxycholate (SDOC). The contractility of jejunum segments was evaluated in the presence of SDOC, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and trypsin. QYT accelerated the transit in MAP mice in a concentration dependent manner. Slow wave activity of smooth muscle in rat stomach and jejunum remained unchanged following SAP, but the spiking activity was significantly decreased, with bursts of 7.2 +/- 2.6/10 min compared with 47.9 +/- 13.2/10 min without SAP (p < 0.01). QYT reversed this decrease. Additionally, the amplitudes of slow waves and spikes were enhanced by QYT in SAP rats. The tension and amplitude of spontaneous contractile activity was reduced by SDOC and LPS and increased by trypsin. Gastrointestinal (GI) transit is altered by SAP but not by MAP. The Chinese herbal preparation QYT improves disturbed motility in AP by stimulating myoelectrical activity and accelerating GI transit.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Decompression of the large intestine in Ogilvie's syndrome by a colonoscopically placed long intestinal tube.

A technique whereby a long intestinal tube piggy-backed on the colonoscope was placed in the cecum for decompression of the large bowel in Ogilvie's syndrome is described. This technique eliminates the need for fluoroscopy as a KUB can easily confirm the placement of the tube. Although the tube can be potentially dragged back out by the colonoscope, we have not found this to be a problem. This technique appears to be safe and effective in the management of colonic pseudo-obstruction. It can be added to the physicians' armamentarium in managing this clinical entity.

Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction↗
PubMed2001

The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: risk factors for cases of infectious intestinal disease with Campylobacter jejuni infection.

This is a case-control study aimed at identifying risk factors for intestinal infection with Campylobacter jejuni. Cases were defined as subjects with diarrhoea occurring in community cohorts or presenting to General Practitioners (GPs) with Campylobacter jejuni in stools. Controls were selected from GP lists or cohorts, matched by age, sex, and GP practice. Travel abroad and consumption of chicken in a restaurant were statistically significantly associated with being a case. There was no statistically significant risk associated with consumption of chicken other than in restaurants nor with reported domestic kitchen hygiene practices. Consumption of some foods was associated with a lower risk of being a case. Most cases remained unexplained. We suggest that infection with low numbers of micro-organisms, and individual susceptibility may play a greater role in the causation of campylobacter infection than previously thought. It is possible that in mild, sporadic cases infection may result from cross contamination from kitchen hygiene practices usually regarded as acceptable. Chicken may be a less important vehicle of infection for sporadic cases than for outbreaks, although its role as a source of infection in both settings requires further clarification in particular in relation to the effect of domestic hygiene practices. The potential effect of diet in reducing the risk of campylobacteriosis requires exploration.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed2003

[Intestinal barotrauma after diving--mechanical ileus in incarceration of the last loop of the small intestine between a mobile cecum and sigmoid].

A few hours after a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) dive at 30 meters depth, a 49 years-old man complained of diffuse abdominal pain with nausea and vomitus. A laparotomy was performed 36 hours after a conservative treatment because of persistent mechanical small bowel obstruction. The last ileal loop was strangulated between a mobile ceacum and a long sigmoid loop. The man never had previous abdominal surgery. In absence of intestinal necrosis, a caecopexy was done and there was no post-operative complications. The gas distension during the ascension following the Boyle-Mariotte law and its distribution induced in this man with a special anatomy a mechanical small bowel obstruction. The treatment of mobile caecum and the literature of abdominal barotrauma is reviewed.

Barotrauma↗
PubMed1990

[Intestinal triplication--a case report of embryogenesis of tubular and cystic small intestine duplication].

Case report of a triplication of the ileum that has not been described so far in this form, with tubular as well as additional cystic duplication within the first malformation, in a boy of 3 years of age. Due to recurrent massive bleeding per anum and the impossibility of separation, resection of the entire involved intestine was performed. The cause of bleeding was found to be a 10 to 8 mm ulcer within the dystopic gastric mucosa that extended into the submucosa. The theories of pathogenesis are discussed, implying that there is no uniform genesis of this disorder. The clinical pattern, diagnosis and therapy are that of the duplication.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Detection of intestinal and extra-intestinal strains of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis by the HT-29 cytotoxicity assay.

Bacteroides fragilis strains with enterotoxic activity can be isolated from the faeces of newborn farm animals with diarrhoea and are called enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF). These strains can now be detected in an in-vitro cytotoxicity assay with HT-29 cells. In this study, 146 B. fragilis strains (95 faecal and 40 extra-intestinal isolates) and 64 Bacteroides isolates belonging to species other than B. fragilis were tested for their ability to produce enterotoxin. Sixteen strains of ETBF were identified; all belonged to the fragilis species and represented 11% of all B. fragilis examined. The prevalence was similar among extraintestinal and faecal strains, 11.5% and 10%, respectively. The production of enterotoxin in clinical isolates appeared to be associated with infections where tissue destruction was more prominent. Enterotoxigenicity was not associated with the presence of a plasmid and the plasmid profiles of ETBF strains that harboured plasmids were different. These results show that enterotoxin production by human isolates of B. fragilis is not uncommon and could represent a new virulence factor of B. fragilis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Modulation of cytotoxin production by Clostridium difficile in the intestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice inoculated with various human intestinal bacteria.

Gnotobiotic mice died 2 days after inoculation of a cytotoxigenic Clostridium difficile strain. Protection occurred when mice were previously inoculated with a strain of Escherichia coli or Bifidobacterium bifidum. Intestinal cytotoxin production was highly reduced in the surviving mice, whereas the C. difficile population level did not decrease to a great extent.

Adult↗