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Results for “Helping Behavior”

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Microcounseling skills training for informal helpers in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Years of political instability, civil unrest, and disease have left scores of Ugandans in need of mental health services. However, there are few formal mental health services available in the country. Professional helpers such as clergy, teachers, and healthcare workers who have strong ties to their communities are frequently placed in formal counseling roles. AIMS: To develop, implement, and evaluate a training model for developing micro-counseling skills designed specifically for informal helpers in Uganda. METHODS: Forty-four professional helpers were provided with a one-week, 40-hour training program in microcounseling skills. RESULTS: Following the training program, trainees demonstrated proficiency in basic counseling skills and attained an increased knowledge of those skills. CONCLUSIONS: This training was readily assimilated and supported the ecological validity of the microcounseling model.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a peer-mediated phonological skill and reading comprehension program on reading skill acquisition for middle school students with reading disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a peer-mediated instructional approach on the teaching of phonological skills and reading comprehension for middle school (sixth- to eighth-grade) students with reading disabilities. All students (n = 38) were identified as having learning disabilities and reading at the third-grade level or below. One group was taught using a peer-mediated phonological skill program, Linguistics Skills Training (LST), and a peer-mediated reading comprehension program, Peer Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS). The contrast group was taught in the more traditional whole-class format using a widely implemented remedial reading program. The results showed significant differences between conditions, with students receiving the LST/PALS instruction outperforming the contrast group on Letter-Word Identification, Word Attack, and Passage Comprehension using the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Achievement-III. Furthermore, large effect sizes for growth were found on Letter-Word Identification, Word Attack, and Passage Comprehension for the LST/PALS treatment group. No differences were found between conditions for reading fluency. Findings are discussed in regard to instruction delivery format (peer tutoring vs. whole class) with respect to best practices for middle school students with reading disabilities.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Examining knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about depression among Latino adults with type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about depression among Latinos with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Eight 90-minute focus groups were conducted, each moderated by a bilingual, bicultural woman. Participants included 45 self-identified Latino adults with diabetes. Discussion topics included diabetes management, perceived control, emotional barriers, conceptualization of depression, and help-seeking behavior. Themes pertinent to depression and emotional health were identified using a combined deductive/inductive approach and an iterative process of consensus coding. RESULTS: Participants' mean age was 40 years, 44% were male, and most were born in Mexico. The mean time with diabetes was 6.5 years. The primary theme identified was the bidirectional relationship between emotional health and diabetes. Diagnosis of diabetes led to feelings of hopelessness and upset, while difficulty with diabetes management led to feelings of anxiety and depression. Participants felt that being "stressed out" or sad directly affected their blood sugar. Participants described factors that influence the relationship between emotions and diabetes, including family and societal stressors, and they reported little discussion of depression with providers. Depression and emotional health are closely associated with diabetes in the minds of these Latino adults. It is important to ask patients with diabetes about their emotional health, to screen for depression, and to elicit preferences about treatment when indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Empathy-motivated helping: the moderating role of group membership.

In this article, the authors present two laboratory experiments testing a group-level perspective on the role of empathy in helping. Experiment 1 tested the authors' predictions in an intercultural context of helping. Confirming their specific Empathy x Group Membership moderation hypothesis, empathy had a stronger effect on helping intentions when the helper and the target belonged to the same cultural group than when they belonged to different groups. Experiment 2 replicated these findings in a modified minimal group paradigm using laboratory-created groups. Moreover, this second experiment also provides evidence for the hypothesized psychological mechanisms underlying the empathy-(ingroup) helping relationship. Specifically, analyses in the ingroup condition confirmed that the strength of the empathy-(ingroup) helping relationship systematically varied as a function of perceived similarities among ingroup members. The general implications of these findings for empathy-motivated helping are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of a medical interviewing course. Use of the helping relationship inventory.

Changes in beginning medical students' preferred interview responses appear attributable to a course that emphasizes communication techniques for developing patient rapport. For each of five successive classes, pre/postcourse preferences were obtained for alternative response modes (categorized as understanding, probing, interpretive, supportive, and evaluative. Analysis indicated significant increases in students' preferences for understanding responses and decreases in preferences for evaluative responses (p less than .001). Changes are in the desired direction with respect to course goals, since rapport is generally enhanced by conveying understanding and refraining from premature evaluation. Effects on response preferences of some instructor characteristics are analyzed. Implications for health professions education and research are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Social support and long-term survivors of AIDS.

A naturalistic study design using ethnographic interviews was employed to elicit data about the phenomenon of being a long-term survivor of AIDS from 14 men and 6 women. Data were generated through multiple intensive open-ended interviews, demographic data sheets, and self-reported CD4 counts. Data were analyzed using latent and manifest content analysis techniques and the method of constant comparison. One of the dimensions that emerged from the data was "being in relation to others," the complex set of interpersonal relationships that have been renegotiated to maintain the reconstructed life. Specific ways of being in relation to others included dealing with one's family, renegotiating the friendship group, helping others with HIV, and developing a relationship with a higher power. The results of this study have implications for counseling people with HIV disease, and for nursing actions to enhance social support in this vulnerable group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Surrogate decision making: special issues in geriatric psychiatry.

Surrogate decision-makers, usually family and friends, are often called on to assist seniors who are incapable of making certain decisions. The literature to date has focused primarily on decisions regarding medical treatment. Less has been written about issues faced by surrogates when making other types of decisions that often arise in the practice of geriatric psychiatry. This article outlines a case relating to personal care decision-making. The discussion focuses on areas that need to be addressed to understand and assist surrogates in making personal care decisions in the future.

Advance Directives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of social support in facilitating postpartum women's return to employment.

PURPOSE: More than half of mothers with infants under 1 year are employed. This study explored the role of social support in facilitating women's return to employment during the 1st year postpartum. DESIGN: Analysis of existing longitudinal, repeated-measures questionnaire data gathered at 4 and 12 months postpartum. PARTICIPANTS: 94 postpartum women who were married or partnered, employed, and residing in a large urban area in the northwestern United States. OUTCOME MEASURES: Satisfaction with decision to return to work, role performance, work-family balance. RESULTS: Relationships between indicators of social support and return-to-work experiences were absent to modest. Satisfaction with child care was related to satisfaction with the decision to return to work. Workplace support was related to work-family balance at 12 months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory child care arrangements and supportive relationships in the workplace are the most significant facilitators of women's return to work postpartum.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Domestic violence between same-gender partners: recent findings and future research.

Empirical literature about same-gender domestic violence was relatively nonexistent until the past 20 years, and conducting research with this population about a sensitive topic remains a daunting endeavor. Existing studies reveal similarities between opposite-and same-gender domestic violence in prevalence, types of abuse, and various dynamics, as well as dispel myths and establish a theoretical basis on which to conduct future research. Differences are evident in areas such as help-seeking behaviors and correlates, thus demanding unique assessment and intervention strategies. This article presents further explanation of the latest research, recommendations for future studies, and effective as well as problematic methodological practices about same-gender domestic violence.

Crime Victims↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of three views of spirituality in oncology nursing.

This article compares three views of spirituality with specific consideration for persons who live with cancer. These views represent theological, psychological, and nursing perspectives. Three dimensions of theologically inspired spirituality are discussed: institutional religious approaches, intellectual questioning, and mystical experiences. The authors review numerous psychological perspectives on the topic of spirituality, particularly from the analytic, humanistic, and existential schools of thought. A human becoming nursing theory perspective is also offered. The authors, who were friends, one a nurse and the other a person with cancer, suggest that nurses, who are able to offer true presence from a place of hope and fulfilled-emptiness, bear witness to persons in a way that can help them transfigure the experience of living with cancer.

Existentialism↗
PubMed2004

The lived experience of feeling cared for: a human becoming perspective.

The purpose of this study was to answer the research question, What is the structure of the lived experience of feeling cared for? The participants were 10 women volunteers who were struggling with lack of economic, social, or interpersonal resources and who were or had been homeless. The Parse research method, a phenomenological-hermeneutic method, was used to discover the meaning of feeling cared for. The major finding of this study is the structure: Feeling cared for is contentment with intimate affiliations arising with salutary endeavors, while honoring uniqueness amid adversity. The structure provides knowledge about feeling cared for and its connection to health and quality of life. Feeling cared for is discussed in relation to the principles and concepts of human becoming and in relation to how it can inform nursing practice and future research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Life-closing spirituality and the philosophic assumptions of the Roy adaptation model.

Secondary analysis of data from a previous study that referenced spirituality was coded, categorized, and grouped into themes. Life-closing spirituality for 44 (45.4%) of 97 total participants was shaped by a core theme of believing that was central to dying persons. Believing was linked to six other themes: comforting, releasing, connecting, giving, reframing, and requesting. These themes supported the philosophic assumptions and principles of humanism and veritivity as defined in the Roy adaptation model.

Adaptation, Psychological↗