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Results for “Goiter”

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Incidence of differentiated cancer in nodular goiter.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in surgically treated thyroid nodules and to study its clinical and pathological aspect. The objective was to formulate a uniform departmental policy for the most appropriate surgical management of this potentially curable disease. METHODS: This is a prospective clinicopathological study carried out at the Department of General Surgery, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 1996 through to December 2000. A total of 483 thyroidectomies were performed. Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer was based on clinical and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The patients were identified as low risk and high risk groups for surgical treatment. The histopathological diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer was confirmed in 103 patients (21.3%). The medical records of all these patients were reviewed for age, sex, clinical presentation, investigations and outcome of surgery. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients (21.3%) with histopathologically confirmed differentiated thyroid cancer were studied. The female to male ratio was 4:1. The mean age was 36.7 years. Sixty-five percent of patients were between 21-40 years. Nodular goiter was the most frequent presentation observed in 78.6% cases. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of malignancy in 86.4% cases. Most of the patients (84.5%) were identified as low-risk. Papillary carcinoma was the most common tumor (89%) followed by follicular cancer (8.7%). Eight percent of patients had cervical lymph node involvement at presentation. Total lobectomy was performed in 50.5% and total thyroidectomy in an additional 29% of patients. Overall operative morbidity was 6.8% with zero mortality. Two (1.9%) patients presented with ipsilateral lymph node recurrence with mean follow up of 26.5 months and underwent limited neck dissection. CONCLUSION: The relatively high incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in surgically treated nodular is attributed to increased confidence in FNAC and careful patient selection. Total lobectomy with isthmusectomy for low risk and total thyroidectomy for high risk patients may be recommended as the preferred treatment modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Influence of iodine preparations and triiodothyronine on the histological structure of the thyroid gland in experimental goiter].

Histological changes in the thyroid gland of rats in experimental goiter caused by administration of 6-methylthiouracil during 9 months, as well as changes in the structure of these glands under the effect of diurnal ingestion with food of microiodine (iodized potassium 2 mg+iodine 0.2 mg per animal), diiodotyrosine (1.25 mg per animal) and triiodthyronine (5 mcg per animal) are described. As a result of the exposure to the above mentioned preparations, there were noted a decrease in the weight of the thyroid glands reduction in the number and size of microadenoms therein, a drop of the intensity of hyperplastic processes in the thyroid epithelium, and an increased proliferation of clear cells. The greatest effect was observed in the animals which received triiodothyronine: weight and histological structure of the glands in these animals was approximating the norm. There were revealed anaplastic changes in the microadenomas remained after the exposure to iodine preparations and triiodothyronine, and an increased proliferation of clear cells with formation of microadenoms out of them.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent goiter.

The authors report on 134 patients operated upon in the years 1950 through 1973 for recurrent goiter at the Department I of General Surgery, Institute of Surgery, Medical Academy in Poznań. The causes of recurrence, manifestations, indications for operation and the types of operations, postoperative complications and results of follow-up examinations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Failure of triiodothyronine to prevent propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism and goiter in fetal sheep.

Administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) to pregnant, third trimester sheep led to decreasing serum thyroxine and increasing serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in both mothers and fetuses. Hypothyroidism appeared more pronounced in the fetuses than in the ewes, and goiter formation was observed in all fetuses exposed to PTU. Concomitant administration of triiodothyronine failed to protect the fetuses from the effects of PTU.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Extensive squamous metaplasia in nodular goiter--a diagnostic dilemma in the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology--a case report.

Metaplastic changes are commonly found at widespread locations occurring in both reactive and neoplastic conditions. They can simulate tumors histologically. Squamous metaplasia is rarely seen in areas of fibrosis and inflammation secondary to hemorrhage in nodular goiters. If it is extensive with associated degenerative changes and present clinically in the form of a nodule, cytopathologist must take care to differentiate this from primary or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma or even anaplastic carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2003

A giant retrosternal goiter with severe tracheal compression and superior vena cava syndrome: an operative experience.

The peculiarities in the operation of a giant retrosternal goiter with severe tracheal compression and superior vena cava syndrome are highlighted in this report of a 53 year-old female with a large anterior neck swelling interfering with normal breathing and swallowing. From the initiation of the neck incision, mobilization of the gland and performing the subtotal excisions there was troublesome bleeding. Pneumothorax resulting after delivery of the massive retrosternal portion was managed with an underwater-seal drainage tube.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1992

Iodine and goiter involution.

Iodine administration, although efficient in goiter treatment or prevention, is also responsible for adverse effects such as cell necrosis or thyroiditis. These two effects were reproduced in iodide-treated goitrous mice. Morphological observations strongly suggest that thyroid cell death results from an excessive production of free radicals, which initiates lipid peroxidation. This hypothesis is strengthened by the facts that the thyroidal concentration of malonic dialdehyde, a stable product of lipid peroxidation, is increased, and that necrosis is partially prevented by free radicals scavengers. Epithelial necrosis is associated to an inflammatory reaction. The infiltrate is mainly made of cells expressing class II molecules of major histocompatibility complex (macrophages and dendritic cells), but also of T lymphocytes. However, this inflammation, which varies among mouse strains, is transient and it is not amplified or maintained by administration of cytokines, IFN gamma or TNF alpha, known to induce class II expression on thyrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Determinants of outcome in sporadic nontoxic goiter.

The author points out that natural history of sporadic nontoxic goiter (SNG) is characterized by increasing thyroid volume, nodularity and autonomy of function leading to hyperthyroidism in 13-16% of the patients after a medium follow-up of circa 12 years. Successively, the author reports and discusses the effectiveness and the outcome of the therapeutical modalities used for SNG: thyroidectomy, thyroid hormones and radioactive iodine.

Goiter↗
PubMed1992

Involvement of the immune system in iodine deficient goiter.

Iodine deficient goiters were studied by immunohistochemistry and showed extensive presence and typical arrangement of dendritic cells, known to have excellent antigen presenting capacity. These cells were positive for all MHC-class II epitopes and for ICAM-1. Epithelial follicle lining cells were also seen to be class II positive but lacked ICAM-1. Thyroglobulin seemed not to be iodinated at the C-terminal hormogenic site, as shown by reactions with monoclonal antibodies. Iodine therapy, as well as thyroxine therapy were effective in reducing thyroid size. Both forms of therapy were found to decrease the pretreatment levels of circulating thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins (TGI).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2003

A rare coexistence of primary hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular goiter--a case report.

The frequent association of thyroid and parathyroid disorders has been reported. Most commonly, hyperthyroidism may coexist with hypercalcemia, but the latter is successfully treated when euthyroidism is achieved. However, the concomitant hyperthyroidism with primary hyperparathyroidism is of a rare occurrence. Moreover, it may frequently go unrecognized. In this paper we report a case of a patient with hypercalcemia due to PTH--secreting parathyroid adenoma associated with hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular goiter. This case demonstrates the dramatic outcome of those two coexisting disorders. We point out that in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism thyroid function test should always be carried out. A proper, first-line treatment of hyperthyroidism will prevent the deterioration of primary hyperparathyroidism course, and thus surgical parathyroid treatment may safely be introduced.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of a cytogenetic study of children from radionuclide-contaminated goiter endemic zone of the Rivno region of Ukraine ].

Under the conventional cytogenetical examination of 6 different children groups (with and without non-stohastic thyroid pathology, exposed and nonexposed to the iodine isotopes in 1986) from the goiter endemic zone of Ukraine which belongs to the territory contaminated by 137Cs radionuclides, the identical to the spontaneous level of somatic chromosome mutagenesis of the last decade in all observed groups with the tendency to increasing of stable aberrations in some persons had been established.

Cesium Isotopes↗
PubMed2003

[Multi-nodal euthyroid goiter and carcinoma of the thyroid gland].

In 66 patients carcinoma was formed on background of euthyroid multinodal goiter (MNG). There was established, that the malignant tumours in patients with euthyroid MNG in principal are the papillare thyroid carcinoma of a small size, do not invade the capsula of thyroid gland, that testifying relatively favourable course of the disease.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Percutaneous puncture thyroid cytology: cyto-histologic correlations in 136 nodular goiter surgical patients].

Percutaneous puncture for cytologic study was performed in 136 patients with nodular goiter. All patients were operated on and correlation of cytologic and histologic findings was obtained. Echographic study revealed a solid aspect in 72%, cystic aspect in 10% and mixed in 18%. The cytologic findings were classified as: benign--hyperplasia--, chronic thyroiditis, follicular neoplasm (adenoma and carcinoma), oxyphilic neoplasm (adenoma and carcinoma), papillary cancer, medullary cancer, anaplastic cancer and insufficient material. Surgery revealed cancer in 36 patients (26.5%). There were 3 false positives for cancer in the cytologic study. Percutaneous cytology was able to detect 88% of patients with cancer and 83% of patients with neoplasms. False negatives for cancer (n = 5) were due to insufficient sample (2), topographic error (2) and cytology error (1). No follicular cells were obtained in 13 patients with cystic follicular adenoma and the diagnosis was missed. Surgery confirmed that 24 of 25 patients with cystic aspect on echography had a basic underlying lesion. Thus, percutaneous cytology of the thyroid is useful in the evaluation of patients with cold nodules. Main limitations of the technique are found in patients with cystic lesions and follicular neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Personnel standardization in clinical diagnosis of goiter: how to evaluate agreement among thyroid examiners?].

The use of the t Student and Cochran tests to evaluate central tendency measures, as well as the F test to evaluate variability and correlation analysis, have been incorrectly used for the evaluation of concordance between thyroid examiners. This paper presents the intraclass Kappa test (Bloch & Kraemer, 1989), as well as the experience of its use in Central America to standardize thyroid examiner personnel who participated in national surveys carried out during 1990 to determine goiter prevalence.

Analysis of Variance↗