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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Attitudes toward condoms as AIDS prophylaxis in homosexual men: dimensions and measurement.

Increases in condom use among homosexually active men are crucial to containing the spread of AIDS. The present study examined the components of attitudes and beliefs toward condom use in homosexual and bisexual men using a modified version of Brown's Attitude toward condoms scale. Factor analysis revealed 5 clear dimensions: viewing condoms as unreliable and unerotic; as protection from infection; as unavailable when needed; as interrupting sex; and viewing condoms as a responsibility and being comfortable with condom use. 5 subscales constructed from these dimensions differentiated significantly between homosexual men who used condoms frequently and infrequently or never. 4 of the subscales (except Protection form Infection subscale) differentiated frequency of oral condom use; only the Responsibility and Comfort with Condom Use subscale differentiated frequency of anal condom use. The Homosexual Attitudes toward Condom use scale demonstrates that: dimensions of beliefs and attitudes toward condom use in homosexually active men differ substantially from those in heterosexual individuals; a reliable and valid scale for measuring such attitudes now exists; factors influencing condom use in this population differ for oral and anal intercourse; and this scale enables further research on determinants of condom use, and effects of modifying attitudes toward condom use in homosexually active men to be carried out.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Personality characteristics of condom users.

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and a survey of sexual behavior and condom use specifically developed for this descriptive study were administered to 132 sexually active, heterosexual male university students (mean age = 19.2 years; 75% Caucasian). Condom "users" (44% of this sample) were defined as those who reported using a condom in their last sexual encounter to ejaculation. "Sexually active" men were defined as those who reported some form of intercourse with a partner to ejaculation within the past 3 months. On the CPI, the condom users scored significantly higher than nonusers on the Achievement via Independence scale and marginally higher on the Socialization and the Social Presence scales. The mean CPI profile for the condom users yielded the Gamma personality type which denotes an externally-oriented, norm questioning personality. Gammas tended to be uninhibited, clever, witty, pleasure-seeking risk takers. Those men who did not use a condom in their last sexual encounter offered their reasons for not doing so. The most common reasons were not expecting intercourse to occur and they were not available. In terms of perceived risk for HIV-infection, only 12.3% of the men had taken the antibody test and 75% considered themselves to be at zero or low risk. Several suggestions were made for counseling strategies in promoting condom use in college-age populations.

Americas↗
PubMed1998

The status of dedicated products.

Emergency contraception (EC) will not become a standard reproductive choice in the absence of dedicated products. Emergency contraception products based on the Yuzpe regimen have been available in Western Europe for a number of years. Levonorgestrel-only products are registered in 29 countries. Dedicated products of both types are being introduced into many developing countries and the United States.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1993

Service provider attitudes toward natural family planning.

"Our study...addresses the issue of availability of NFP [natural family planning] within the established family planning provider setting--clinics and private practice.... The data for this study were gathered by means of questionnaires administered by mail to clinic administrators and service providers, OB/GYN physicians in private practice, and NFP-only providers...in Los Angeles and San Diego Counties in California.... The principal analytical goal in this research is to determine the effect that service provider attitudes may have on the availability of NFP....Our research has indicated that the single most identifiable barrier to the availability of NFP is the negative attitude of physicians toward the method, prompted by their skepticism about its use-effectiveness."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-esteem, spiritual well-being, and intimacy: a comparison among couples using NFP and oral contraceptives.

The purpose of this study was to compare the intimacy, spiritual well being (SWB), and self-esteem of couples using natural family planning (NFP) with those couples using oral contraceptives (OCs). 22 couples who were using the Creighton Model Ovulation Method of NFP for 1 year to avoid pregnancy were matched with 22 couples who were using OCs for a least a 1-year period and administered a SWB, self-esteem, and intimacy inventory. Student t-tests were calculated to determine differences in the mean scores of the 3 inventories between the 2 groups. The results showed that the NFP couples had statistically higher self-esteem (T=3.15, p0.01), SWB (T=4.25. p0.001), and intellectual intimacy (T=2.53, p0.05) than the OC couples. There were no differences in emotional, social, recreational, and sexual intimacy between the groups. Although the results provide some evidence that NFP can enhance a couple's relationship, other factors such as a sampling bias and educational levels could explain the difference.

Americas↗
PubMed1976

Contraceptive choice and prevalence of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ.

Whether use of oral contraceptives is associated with subsequent development of cervical neoplasia is an important public health question. Before evaluating this issue, we must determine if choosing oral contraceptives identifies a woman who is intrinsically at high risk of developing cervical neoplasia. We have examined the demographic and reproductive characteristics as well as cervical premalignant changes manifest by 15- to 44-year-old black women who enrolled in a public family-planning clinic. When compared to IUD acceptors, oral contraceptive acceptors did not have a disproportionately large number of women with traits which predicted for high risk of developing cervical neoplasia. Oral contraceptive acceptors, compared to IUD acceptors, did not have a higher prevalence rate of carcinoma in situ. Oral contraceptive acceptors with no Pap smears prior to initial choice of contraceptive method did have a 1.4-fold higher prevalence rate of cervical dysplasia than IUD acceptors. These results suggest that the deicision to use oral contraceptives, per se, does not identify a group of women at higher risk to develop cervical carcinoma in situ. Such a decision may, however, identify a group with a small increased propensity for developing cervical dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

New contraceptive choices.

Family planning users and providers have been calling for more choices. They want contraceptive methods that provide highly effective protection and at the same time cause fewer side effects, cost less, and are easier to use. In response, researchers are improving existing contraceptives and developing new ways to deliver hormones. Offering a wide range of safe, effective, and convenient family planning methods encourages more people to use contraception. Having more choices helps ensure that users are satisfied with their family planning method. Most new methods reaching the market today result from investments made years ago. Virtually all methods undergo a long process of research and rigorous testing for safety and effectiveness and must obtain regulatory approvals before becoming available.

Choice Behavior↗