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Results for “Communication Disorders”

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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Psychobehavioral disorders in severe dementia].

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are not included in the diagnostic criteria for dementia or in the assessment tools for grading its severity. However, they constitute a major part of the caregivers' burden and the main cause for institutionalization. They are, for one part, the direct consequence of the brain lesions, but, for another part, they result from the psychological reactions of the patients to their cognitive deficits or their relational difficulties with their family or carers. Despite speech disorder and mind disruption, patients with severe dementia still have a psychic and relational life, which is expressed through BPSD. Many BPSD are of short duration and can be improved by a better understanding, psychological and behavioral approach. However, psychotropic drugs are often useful or necessary, but, due to the frailty of the patients with severe dementia, their use should be very cautious.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

Emigration: psychopathologic reaction in the families left behind.

In order to investigate whether emigration acts as a psychic stress on the families left at home, two groups of families were compared: In group A the head of the family had emigrated, in group B the head of the family was a candidate for emigration. Compared to group B, group A showed a significantly higher rate of psychopathology related to the stress of emigration. Wives and children were mainly affected. The stress of emigration on the wives was corroborated by finding a high proportion of separated couples in group A in comparison with none in group B.

Child↗
PubMed2003

The management of affect storms in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of borderline patients.

Affect storms are a frequent complication in the psychoanalytic approach to borderline patients. The descriptive, psychodynamic, and structural characteristics of these storms are explored, and the verbal, nonverbal, and countertransference manifestations that permit the formulation of interpretations under such conditions are described, as are the interventions required to maintain the treatment frame as a precondition for an analytic approach. The principal theoretical formulations regarding the affect pathology of borderline patients are reviewed and related to a proposed interpretive approach. An apparently opposite development, the utter absence of emotional developments in the sessions, is examined, and its defensive function of avoiding affect storms is explored. Clinical case material illustrates the proposed approach to these storms, and clinical evidence is given to support the approach, which centers on systematic analysis of the primitive internalized object relations of these patients in the transference, the use of countertransference analysis without countertransference communication to the patient, and the repeated restoration of technical neutrality in the service of protecting the treatment frame.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

"I want to talk like everyone": on the use of multiple means of communication.

This qualitative case study is a description of a young man with autism who communicated using speech, sign language, facilitated communication, body language, and his mother's conversational supports. Participant observation, interviews, and review of records were used to explore his current and past communication practices. These practices illustrate his preference for speaking and the complexity of choosing among communication means on an ongoing basis. Although the young man and his mother differed in their thinking about communication, they revealed a common goal: for Michael to participate in ordinary life activities as a member with a voice.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Social communication profiles of children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year of life.

This study examined social communication profiles from behavior samples videotaped between 18 and 24 months of age in three groups of children: 50 with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 23 with developmental delays (DD), and 50 with typical development (TD). The ASD group scored significantly lower than the DD group on 5 social communication measures and the TD group on all 14 measures, indicating distinct profiles late in the second year. Understanding was the strongest predictor of developmental level and behavior regulation and inventory of gestures were the strongest predictors of autism symptoms at 3 years of age. The predictive relations suggest five pivotal skills late in the second year that have a cascading effect on outcomes of children with ASD.

Attention↗
PubMed1992

[Consequences of handicaps following a cerebrovascular accident for patient's partner].

What is the influence of stroke on experienced burden, coping and well-being of the patient's spouse? To explore this problem we interviewed 22 spouses, living with their husband or wife at home. Stroke had occurred over 12 months ago. There appeared to be different consequences for the spouse, depending upon the kind of handicap: The physical handicaps in stroke-patients were associated with an increase of household tasks and caregiving, and with diminished opportunities for the spouse to relax. Mental deterioration after stroke was slightly associated with a lower level of well-being in the spouse. Spouses of patients with severely impaired communication had fewer opportunities to relax, reported more deterioration of the marital relationship and showed slightly more depression than spouses of patients with slightly impaired communication.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Guidelines for a psychiatric hospital intake staff meeting.

Guidelines are presented that help to make psychiatric intake conferences more efficient and productive. The emphasis is placed on having designated personnel meet individually with the patient as well as review the patient's chart prior to the formal intake conference. Thus, the personnel is able to spend more time on formulating a diagnosis and treatment plan than on reviewing the past history of the patient. Information presented at such conferences should consist more of unique contributions from the personnel (e.g., observations, impressions, testing, etc.) than of redundant material commonly known by the personnel assigned to the patient.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Communication deviance in families of schizophrenic and manic patients.

Levels of communication deviance (CD) distinguish parents of schizophrenic patients from parents of nonpsychotic patients, but the prevalence of intrafamilial CD in other psychotic disorders has not been examined. Levels of CD were compared across biological parents of schizophrenic (n = 39) and bipolar manic (n = 16) patients and across patients themselves. CD ratings were based on Thematic Apperception Test protocols (parents only) and family interactions (parents and patients). Total levels of CD did not distinguish between groups of parents or patients. However, instances of odd word usage were more frequent among parents of manic patients than among parents of schizophrenic patients on both CD measures. Also, during the interaction task, odd word usage was more frequent among manic patients, whereas schizophrenic patients made more ambiguous references. Results suggest that high levels of intrafamilial CD are not unique to schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Email-facilitated qualitative interviews with traumatic brain injury survivors: a new and accessible method.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To trial the method of email-facilitated qualitative interviewing with people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: Qualitative semi-structured email-facilitated interviews. PROCEDURES: Nineteen people (17 severe diagnosis) with a TBI participated in email interviews. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Findings indicate that this method facilitates the participation of people with TBI in qualitative interviews. Advantages include increased time for reflection, composing answers and greater control of the interview setting. In addition, the data indicates that people with a TBI are capable of greater insight, reflection and humour than indicated by previous research. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that new technologies may advance data collection methods for people with cognitive-linguistic impairments who face participation barriers in face-to-face interviews.

Adult↗