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PubMed2001

Adolescent romance: between experience and relationships.

This concluding and integrative paper calls attention to several features and conceptual issues addressed by the contributors of this special issue. The first issue pertains to developmental perspectives in the study of how adolescent romance evolves. The second deals with the various features and concepts of adolescent romance. The third topic discusses the association of adolescent romance with other close relationships occurring during this time span. The fourth topic highlights the importance of the diversity of developmental contexts in shaping romantic relationships. Finally, conceptual issues in the study of adolescent romance are reviewed and the need for future studies of early adolescent romantic experiences is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The interpersonal context of romantic autonomy in adolescence.

This study explored the interpersonal context of romantic autonomy in mid adolescence by examining within-relationship links with romantic intimacy and affiliation, links across relationships with mothers and friends, and individual differences due to age and gender. Two hundred and thirty adolescents in grades 9, 10 and 11 with a current romantic partner, completed self-report questionnaires assessing their relationships. The results indicated that romantic autonomy was positively linked to romantic intimacy and affiliation, although this link differed according to the duration of the romantic relationship. The results also indicated that romantic autonomy was higher among girls than boys. Finally, romantic autonomy was uniquely linked to intimacy and autonomy in both maternal and friend relationships. Overall, this study highlights the interconnection of intimacy and autonomy in romantic relationships and the interconnections across relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The development of commitment and attachment in dating relationships: attachment security as relationship construct.

This study examined attachment security and commitment as predictors of relationship stability in a sample of 51 couples. Attachment and commitment were measured during the Fall and Spring semesters prior to graduation from college and relationship stability was determined by contacting couples approximately one year following graduation from college. Attachment security was measured as a relationship construct (appraisal of the dating partner's availability and responsiveness). Attachment security increased with the length of time in the dating relationship and predicted relationship stability following graduation. We then considered how personality and family of origin factors contributed to positive trajectories within the dating relationship (i.e. the growth of attachment security, commitment and relationship stability). Males' security with their mothers and fathers and reports of open communication between their parents contributed to growth in attachment security and commitment between the Fall and Spring semesters. Attachment styles (assessed as a measure of personality) also predicted relationship stability with both males' and females' security increasing the relationship stability one year after graduation. Implications for understanding attachment as both a personality and relationship construct in adult romantic relationships are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Coping with stress in different phases of romantic development.

The degree to which coping with stress in romantic relationships is related to relationship development was examined longitudinally in a sample of early adolescents (n=107). Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a significant decrease in romantic stress over time, while at the same time active coping with romantic stress increased. Concurrently, the quality of romantic relationships changed towards greater intimacy and affection. The results provide some support for recent theories of a developmental sequence in romantic relationships, according to which relationships progress from a more casual initial stage towards a more committed affection phase. In addition, the study illustrates that the multiple functions romantic activity can serve at different stages of development are accompanied by various types of stressors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Affective and behavioral responses to friends who neglect their friends for dating partners: influences of gender, jealousy and perspective.

Adolescents in the ninth grade (n=75) responded to a hypothetical situation involving an individual who neglects their friend as a result of their transition to steady dating. Results indicated that 53 per cent of girls and 32 per cent of boys reported past personal exclusion by their best friend who they perceived to be preoccupied by a romantic partner. Only 21 per cent of girls and 19 per cent of boys reported that they had ignored their best friend in the past while being preoccupied by a romantic partner. There were significant differences in emotional reactions of individuals depending on their gender, level of characteristic jealousy, and the perspective taken in the jealousy triangle. Analyses of suggested behavioral responses revealed a significant difference in verbosity depending on emotional reactions, gender, and level of characteristic jealousy. In general, the strategies adolescents' recommended for handling this situation were constructive, active responses that convey a continuing commitment to the relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Adolescent romantic relationships: a look from the future.

Employing a narrative approach, 40 young adult romantic couples were interviewed about their current relationships as well as about their relationship with a romantic partner that lasted for at least about 2 months when they were aged 15 or 16. When analysed, the transcribed interviews were found to portray adolescent and young adulthood romantic relationships in different terms. Adolescent romance was described more as a form of companionship and was valued for its experiences of totality and enthusiasm. Young adulthood romance, by contrast, was described more as a mature relationship characterized by trust, support, and stability. In addition, adolescent romance was described as less enjoyable, enduring more relationship problems. Males and females described differently their adolescent romance in relation to the quality of their current romantic relationship. Males, but not females, related a current more positive perception of the relationship to a more positive perception of adolescent romance. Adolescent romance is discussed within the framework of the developmental processes that characterize the development of romantic relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Diverse aspects of dating: associations with psychosocial functioning from early to middle adolescence.

Theories imply that some aspects of adolescent dating behavior will be associated with individuals' positive psychosocial functioning, while other aspects will be associated with problems. This study addressed associations between diverse aspects of dating at age 16 and: (1) individual and social functioning at age 12 and at age 16; and (2) change in psychosocial functioning from age 12 to age 16. Controlling for physical maturity, overinvolvement in dating at age 16 was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in early and middle adolescence and also predicted declines in functioning between the two ages. Level of dating experience and quality of romantic relationships were associated with social adaptation at age 16, especially in the friendship and dating domains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Young people's romantic attachment styles and their associations with well-being.

This research, based on attachment theory, examined the relationships between romantic attachment styles, romantic attitudes and well-being among 461 tertiary students, aged 17-21 years. Those with secure romantic attachment styles were less stressed, less lonely and more satisfied academically than those with clingy or casual/fickle styles, independent of current relationship status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Violence in adolescents' romantic relationships: findings from a survey amongst school-going youth in a South African community.

This paper reports on a study of heterosexual adolescent dating violence among secondary school students in a South African community. Approximately half of the surveyed males, and just over half of the surveyed females reported involvement in a physically violent dating relationship either as a perpetrator and/or victim. The study found significant associations between the beliefs about violence in a romantic relationship, the witnessing of physical violence in friendship contexts, the use of alcohol and adolescent dating violence. A significant association between familial variables and adolescent dating violence was only found for male participants. No significant association was found between religious participation and adolescent dating violence. The implications for prevention are discussed in an attempt to demonstrate the potential of local information that identifies risk factors for the development of appropriate community- and schools-based intervention programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Gender differences in the longitudinal predictors of adolescent dating violence.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent dating violence is a public health problem. The public health approach to prevention is to identify predictors of problem behaviors and develop interventions to eliminate or reduce those predictors with the intention of altering the chain of causation. Longitudinal data are preferred for identifying predictors of behavior but all dating violence studies have used cross-sectional data. We use longitudinal data to examine predictors of adolescent dating violence from several domains guided by an ecological perspective. METHODS: Eighty percent (N = 1,965) of the 8th- and 9th-graders in one county completed baseline questionnaires in school and 90% (N = 1,759) of those adolescents completed questionnaires again 1&1/2 years later. Proportional odds models were used to identify cross-sectional correlates and longitudinal predictors of dating violence perpetration that occurred between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Most of the study variables were correlated with dating violence in cross-sectional analyses. Having friends who are victims of dating violence, using alcohol, and being of a race other than white predicted dating violence perpetration by females. Holding attitudes that are accepting of dating violence predicted dating violence perpetration by males. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that intervention strategies should vary for males and females and that when basing interventions on cross-sectional findings, scarce resources may be stretched to address persons who may not truly be at risk of beginning to perpetrate dating violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Theoretical and empirical aspects of gene-culture coevolution.

Cultural transmission can be roughly defined as the transfer of information between individuals by social learning (see below). Genes used to be, and for most species still are, the only means available for the accurate transfer of information across generations. In species where cultural transmission has developed, notably the human, interactions can occur between the two inheritance systems. Gene-culture coevolution refers to the evolutionary phenomena that arise from these interactions. As we shall see, these interactions can take various forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Parental discord, divorce and adolescent development.

The impact of parental discord and divorce on adolescent well-being and behaviour was studied. School children (n = 2194) aged 15 to 16 completed questionnaires in the class-room. Children in divorced families and in families of discord experienced more distress symptoms than children in intact families. Lower school performance was associated with divorce, but not with parental discord. Sex differences were found in self-esteem: girls in divorced families reported the lowest self-esteem, whereas boys in families of discord reported lower self-esteem than boys in the other groups. Group differences in reported self-image were small. Compared with children in intact families, the observed differences were in girls mainly in the divorced group and in boys in the group of marital discord. In both sexes abundant alcohol use and in boys delinquent acts were more common in families of discord or divorce than in intact families.

Achievement↗