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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Controlled release repellent formulations on human volunteers under three climatic regimens.

Two controlled-release repellent formulations containing 33% (3M) and 42% (Biotek) deet and an Army repellent containing 75% deet were evaluated in 3 different climatic regimens (tropical forested, tropical open and basic hot environments). The 3 repellents provided similar protection for different time periods after application under all 3 climates against Aedes aegypti, Ae. taeniorhynchus and Anopheles stephensi whereas there was no difference in protection period against An. albimanus.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

Asthma and climatic conditions--experience from Kuantan, Malaysia.

Data on number of cases of acute asthma seen at casualty department in 1987 as well as daily metereological data for 1987 were obtained and analysed for relation between climatic factors and acute asthma. Ambient temperature was significantly associated with acute asthma; the lower the temperature, the more the number of cases of asthma were seen. No association however was observed between asthma and the other climatic factors viz, rainfall, humidity, daily change in humidity and daily drop in temperature. We further discuss our finding.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Corneal complications of climatic keratopathy].

The "keratopathie de Bietti" or climatic droplet keratopathy or keratopathie climatique (KC) is a degenerative disease of the cornea which is probably due to the exposure to ultraviolet rays. Usually the evolution is a progressive invasion of cornea by amber nodules which lift up the corneal epithelium. We observed that numerous patients suffered from severe corneal ulcerations which appeared to be spontaneous and which evolution was frequently disastrous. The aim of this work was to pick up epidemiologic data on KC in order to check the following hypothesis: the corneal opaquenesses, due to non traumatic perforations, would be more frequent among patients suffering from KC than among the rest of population. The study, carried out in Republic of Djibouti, dealed with two groups of people: an hospitable group of 217 patients suffering from a KC and a random sample of 2,446 persons among Djibouti people, from which a study ill-healthy was carried out among people from 40 years old. The mistakes were controled by adjustment on age and climatic conditions. The result is that corneal blindnesses which seemed to be spontaneous were more frequent in a significative way among people suffering from KC than among healthy people as old as ill people and living in the same conditions (12% against 0.7%; p = 0.003; Odds ratio adjusted on age: 31.8 IC: 8.8-115.20). On the etiopathogenic point of view the bacterial, fungal and deficiency causes could scarcely be accepted. The unfavourable evolution, resisting to all the treatments, drove to several hypothesis among them is responsibility of free amoebas as acanthamoeba.

Blindness↗
PubMed1990

[Respiratory tract diseases in relation to climate, air pollution and city structure].

During one year investigations were made in the city of Kassel to collect data on respiratory diseases, immission rates and climate. The frequency of disease was registered by doctors and parents. All of them prepared daily lists. Parallel immission and climatic conditions were measured. From this a typical annual variation was found that governed the influence of weather and air pollution in disease. Moreover, through daily interpretation more detailed results the connection between disease rates and air pollution could be found, even throughout the city.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1990

[Primary pyomyositis in mild climates. Presentation of 2 new cases].

Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection which affects striated muscles. It is a relatively rare process in mild climates. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for 90-95% of cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae pyomyositis is extremely rare with only one other case reported in a mild climate. Two new cases of pyomyositis are described one caused by K. pneumoniae, increasing thus the etiology spectrum in our country, and the other caused by S. aureus ending in fatality, with two focus of pyomyositis (one of which was chronic) and multisystemic secondary affectation. We highlight the appearance of this process in our environment and the necessity to keep it in mind when making a differential diagnosis in order to recognize it and treat it as soon as possible since its prognosis depends on the moment the diagnosis is made.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Work in very hot, dry climates: evaluation of stress and procedures for reducing strain on the human body].

Even in temperate zones of the earth such as Middle Europe quite a number of men have to work in very hot dry climates, particularly in salt mines. Problems of evaluation stress under these condition are discussed. Climatic chamber experiments at ambient temperatures mainly between 45 and 65 degrees C were performed in order to find out various possibilities to reduce heat strain. New methods are discussed for reducing extremely elevated body core temperatures.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of an alpine climate in the combined treatment of occupational diseases].

The authors studied the influence of mountain climate (altitude: 2200 m) on the course of chronic dust-induced bronchitis, pneumoconiosis and vibration disease in 45 patients. It was found that a 1-month stay of patients with dust-induced bronchitis and pneumoconiosis in the mountains results in a positive clinical effect is accompanied by amelioration of the external respiratory function, positive changes of the hemodynamic values. Mountain climate treatment was ineffective in vibration disease.

Altitude↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of climatic and meteorologic factors on bronchial hyperreactivity and the course of bronchial asthma diseases and their potential significance in asthma prevention: hypotheses, methodologic approaches and initial results].

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) as the main condition for the development of asthma may be modulated either by intrinsic or by extrinsic stimuli as well as by climatic and meteorologic factors. Proinflammatory mediators in combination with alterations of airway mucosa induce or amplify BHR. Upper airway viral infections, exposure to allergens in atopic subjects, chronic hyperplastic changes of the upper airways, airway irritants and analgesics are supposed to be the most likely asthma triggers in predisposed children and adults. There is the suggestion that BHR can be improved not only by treatment with steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs but also by maritime climatotherapy. The latter could be the result not only of the reduction of inhalative irritants, e.g. of allergen concentration, but also by the involvement or more complex mechanisms. Possible theoretic approaches and hypotheses regarding the mode of action of maritime climatic cures are discussed. First preliminary results obtained in a mediterranean region have demonstrated a negative impact of metereologic events like passages of cold weather fronts or increase of wind velocity on the course of asthma disease. An improvement of BHR assessed by histamine challenge test has been observed at the end of climatotherapy in the Baltic sea area. Prospective studies about asthma prevention in subjects at risk with BHR and atopy that have been starting should contribute to the evaluation of the therapeutic effects and the prognostic importance of maritime climatotherapy for getting exact scientific indications for climatotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Climatic characteristics of endemic zones and epidemiologic modalities of dracunculosis in Africa].

In Africa, the endemic areas of dracunculiasis are concerning two climatic zones: the sudano-sahelian zone which is characterized by the alternation of a short rainy season and a long dry season, and the libero-nigerian zone which is characterized by two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. The pluviometry in each zone determines a specific cyclic evolution of the cyclops (the vectors of the disease) in the ponds which are the most important places of the transmission. The climatic cycle having an annual rhythm as the cycle of dracunculiasis (12-14 months), the result is for each zone a constant period during which the epidemiological conditions of the transmission are the more satisfied and during which the disease rages to the utmost: beginning of the rainy season (May-June) in the sudano-sahelian zone and right in the dry season (December-February) in the libero-nigerian zone. During the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade, it is important that the strategies of control as the national programs of control take into account these epidemiologic features of dracunculiasis.

Africa↗
PubMed1988

[Climate therapy and change in cellular immunity].

The cell-mediated immunity was investigated by delayed hypersensitivity reactions on recall antigens (tetanus, diphtheria, streptococci, tuberkulin, candida, trichophyton, proteus/Multitest-Merieux) in 56 patients with atopic dermatitis (34 females, 22 males) under mountain-climatic therapy (Davos, 5118 ft). The testscore of 7.9 mm (females 8.2/males 7.5) was lowered in comparison to the normals within the literature (females 15.4/males 21.0). Anergy was found in 8.8% in females (normal 4%) and in 9.1% in males (0.4%). After treatment the score raised up to 9.9 mm (25.3%, p less than 0.005), more obvious in males (29.3%/9.7 mm) than in females (22.0%/10.0 mm). The mean number of positive skin-reactions raised from 2.0 to 2.6 (p less than 0.001). These data let assume an influence of mountain-climatic therapy on the cell-mediated immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Training and conditioning in atopic patients following high altitude climate therapy].

The subjective and objective values have changed after a four weeks treatment in high mountain areas under cool climatic conditions. "Terrainkuren" (mountain walking under guidance of a therapist) under cool climatic- and body temperature conditions show besides training results (in sport medicine) also favourable thermoregulatory adaptations. Improvements of the endurance training can be objectivated by means of the reduced heart frequency and the decrease in lactit acid under standardized physical exercises. The simultaneous changes of thermoregulation can be looked upon as part of the reaction of the whole body (also called inurement). Both, the improvement of the training condition and the thermoregulatory change seem to support each other. Thus patients can train more effectively under the same standardized physical training, but cooler conditions. The decrease of comfort temperature of patients is due to the thermoregulatory adaptation. There is a considerable decrease in the sensibility to cold. The training in high mountain areas causes an improvement in the well being and behaviour of the atopic patients which can still be manifested three months after the therapy.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1988

The influence of climatic factors on the nasal mucosa of rats.

The influence of indoor climate on goblet cells and intraepithelial glands of nasal mucosa was analysed. A cold and heat adapted group of twenty rats were compared with a neutral adapted group after eight weeks of climatic exposure. There was a decrease of density of the goblet cells and the intrapeithelial glands in cold adapted rats. It is suggested that the adaptive changes of the mucous membranes of the rats may be correlated with the increased ventilation rate in the cold.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Variability in the composition of human skin surface lipids in tropical climates.

Skin surface lipid samples were collected by the hexane sponge technique from the foreheads of 180 male and 131 female Saudi subjects living in the Jeddah-Makkah area (summer temperatures up to 47 degrees C). The lipid samples were analyzed by densitometric thin layer chromatography. Seven major lipid classes were determined. The percentages for squalene, cholesterol esters, wax esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol and diglycerides were determined. When these parameters were compared to the corresponding values reported for subjects living in the much cooler climates of Europe and N. America, most of the values for Saudi females were found very similar to the values of these subjects, while for Saudi males squalene and wax esters were 2.8-5.1% higher and the triglycerides/free fatty acids were 3-5% lower. The possible reasons for the observed variability between both sexes, their relation to European and N. American subjects, as well as the role of hot climates in inducing these variations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fascioliasis in cattle in Louisiana: development of a system to predict disease risk by climate, using the Thornthwaite water budget.

A system correlating climate with the annual risk of fascioliasis in cattle in central Louisiana was developed, using the Thornthwaite water budget and a 6-year data base that included records on herd prevalence rates, transmission to fluke-free sentinel calves, and snail population dynamics. The system developed was compared with modifications of the wet-day and Mt forecasting systems previously developed for use in the oceanic climate zone of western Europe. The wet-day system correlated poorly with transmission data, whereas the Mt and Thornthwaite water budget-derived systems correctly ranked 5 of the 6 years in terms of annual numbers of flukes transmitted to sentinel calves. Compared with the Mt system, the water budget-based system more closely correlated with transmission data, on the basis of statistical regression analysis. The water budget system was calculated by use of a microcomputer software program, and provided a means of measuring the effect of moisture stress and flooding in snail habitats that serve as foci of transmission of Fasciola hepatica to cattle on pastures.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Climate therapy of psoriasis: critical evaluation].

As with many chronic, recurrent skin diseases, psoriasis in all its forms is within the domain of dermatological climatotherapy. However, this is only successful in genuinely stimulating climates, such as in the North Sea islands or in particularly high alpine regions (over 1500 m) under correct topographical conditions. If dermatological climatotherapy is to retain its justifiably good name, care must be taken not to misuse this important therapeutic means (unsuitable climates), or it may be discredited due to insufficient conditions and thus poor results.

Altitude↗
PubMed1985

[Prediction of the periods favorable for the development of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in various climatic regions of Bulgaria].

Bioclimatogrammes have been worked out for the various regions of the country to foretell the periods during which the microclimatic conditions in them favour the development of the preparasitic forms of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the environment. It was found that best for the worms of the Heamonchus genus were the conditions in the May-June period, and in some regions in July too. There were in individual climatic regions conditions that were best in the months of September and October. The preparasitic forms of nematodes of the Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus genera could develop throughout the pastures in almost all climatic regions of the country during the April-July period with a month prior to and after this term as well as during the October November period.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Heat resistance of the eggs of a mulberry silkworm strain adapted to a subtropical climate].

The heat stability of the eggs of a polyvoltine strain of Bombyx mori occurring in the conditions of hot climate was studied. No marked differences between this strain and the moderate climate strains were found in the level of heat stability and the character of its age changes. The mechanisms of heat stability upon the diapause-less egg development are discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

Antibiotic-responsive malabsorption: a tropical sprue-like syndrome in countries with temperate climates.

Antibiotic-responsive malabsorption is prevalent in the tropics, but has been seen only sporadically in countries with temperate climates. We describe a 19-year-old Israeli patient who has never left the country and was hospitalized with shigellosis and malabsorption of fat and D-xylose. A short course of ampicillin reversed the malabsorption. The syndrome of antibiotic-responsive malabsorption in countries with temperate climates may well be underdiagnosed and should be looked for more actively.

Adult↗