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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effect of a repetitive, fatiguing lifting task on horizontal ground reaction forces.

There are many outdoor work environments that involve the combination of repetitive, fatiguing lifting tasks and less-than-optimal footing (muddy/slippery ground surfaces). The focus of the current research was to evaluate the effects of lifting-induced fatigue of the low back extensors on lifting kinematics and ground reaction forces. Ten participants performed a repetitive lifting task over a period of 8 minutes. As they performed this task, the ground reaction forces and whole body kinematics were captured using a force platform and magnetic motion tracking system, respectively. Fatigue was verified in this experiment by documenting a decrease in the median frequency of the bilateral erector spinae muscles (pretest-posttest). Results indicate significant (p < 0.05) increases in the magnitude of the peak anterior/posterior (increased by an average of 18.3%) and peak lateral shear forces (increased by an average of 24.3%) with increasing time into the lifting bout. These results have implications for work environments such as agriculture and construction, where poor footing conditions and requirements for considerable manual materials handling may interact to create an occupational scenario with an exceptionally high risk of a slip and fall.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1992

A survey of golf injuries in amateur golfers.

A survey of 461 amateur golfers was undertaken to assess golf injuries. There were 193 respondents of whom 57% reported injuries. Wrist, back, muscle, elbow and knee problems were the most likely ailments to compromise a player's game. Overuse and poor technique were the main aetiological factors. Attention to those factors in addition to maintenance of physique would reduce the incidence of these problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The consultant's role in continuing medical education of general practitioners: the case of rheumatology.

Consultant rheumatologists were surveyed by questionnaire about their contribution to the continuing education of general practitioners, and 84% (203/243) replied. Altogether 157 respondents had participated in some form of teaching, 147 in collective teaching sessions such as lectures and 99 in the teaching of small groups. Arthritis comprised 44% of the rheumatological topics taught; there was a noticeable lack of teaching on problems commonly encountered in general practice, such as soft tissue rheumatism and injury and back pain, and on clinical skills including examination and injection of joints. Eighty eight respondents made comments and suggestions. The favoured educational strategies were small group teaching, apprenticeship schemes, and interchange between general practitioners and consultants about shared cases. This contrasts with what was typically done--namely, formal lectures on rheumatoid arthritis in postgraduate medical centres. These findings raise questions about the continuing education of consultants themselves as well as about the consultants' role in teaching others.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1992

A decade of experience of examining candidates for entry to the army.

A total of 3886 civilian candidates were medically examined for entry to the Army during the period 1980 to 1990. Eight per cent of the candidates failed their examination. The commonest causes for rejection were back and knee disorders, the majority associated with trauma. The next most common disorder was hearing loss, closely followed by myopia. Analysis of the incidence of individual conditions showed that only hearing loss and myopia were more prevalent than spondylolisthesis. It is felt, therefore, that consideration should be given to the routine radiographic screening of all candidates for spondylolisthesis and indeed for spondylolysis. The incidence of medical conditions was low. In the assessment of the individual's fitness for entry, the effects of military training and service in the field on his or her functional capacity must be considered. Problems that may arise when a candidate is rejected are discussed.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Strain on the back in concrete reinforcement work.

To investigate the long term effect of heavy construction work on the back the occurrence of postures, lifting, carrying, and accidents in concrete reinforcement work and in maintenance house painting were measured. The 32 620 observations covering 272 work hours showed that reinforcement work necessitated stooped postures and heavy lifting more often than did painting. Reported minor back accidents were more than ten times as common in reinforcement work than in painting (1.3 compared with 0.11 accidents per man-year, p less than 0.001). Accidents of the musculoskeletal system, registered by the insurance companies, were also several times more common in reinforcement work (81 compared with 25 per 1000 man-years, p less than 0.001). The premature development of lumbar degeneration detected in the clinical study of the reinforcement workers was evidently due to the occupational strain on the back. The different types of hazardous back loads probably potentiate the effects of each other.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: findings at MR imaging and clinical correlation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate radiologic findings and clinical data in patients with spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients (10 men aged 28-71 years; three women aged 40-65 years) with SSEH from 1986 to 1995 underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; six also underwent spinal angiography. Patients with minor trauma, anticoagulant therapy, increased bleeding tendency, or vascular lesions were included. RESULTS: The incidence was estimated to be 0.1 patients per 100,000 patients per year. On MR images, the hematoma was in the anterior (n=8) or posterior (n=4) epidural space or both (n=1). The most common location was the upper thoracic region. T1-weighted images were most useful owing to the pathognomonic signal shift from isointensity with the cord in the early period to hyperintensity in the intermediate stage. Five patients had minor trauma, and four were receiving anticoagulant therapy. CONCLUSION: A rough estimation of the incidence of SSEH is provided,and the results confirm the previously described association with minor trauma and anticoagulant therapy and low frequency of arteriovenous malformations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum.

A previously healthy 16-yr-old Caucasian male developed a relapsing purulent meningitis shortly after a motor accident in Venezuela, in which he received a small wound with a retained foreign body in the sacral region. Repeated initial physical examinations, radiographs of lumbar and sacral regions, and contrast myelography failed to demonstrate a cerebrospinal fluid leak or bone involvement, and Mycobacterium fortuitum was repeatedly isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, from the originally "cured" lumbar wound a purulent material was obtained from which M. fortuitum was also isolated. A retained foreign body was removed, and an abscess and fistulous tract were incised and drained. The patient responded dramatically to the combination of isoniazid plus co-trimoxazole and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Long-time effect of large vesicoureteral reflux with or without urinary tract infection.

In children more than one year old the growth rate of the renal parenchyma is delayed if the kidney has a large reflux-ureter and is exposed to urinary tract infection. The growth rate of the parenchyma is normal, if the kidney has a large reflux-ureter but no infection. However, since moderate reduction of the renal parenchyma is often observed in patients with large reflux-ureter but without a history of urinary tract infection, it is concluded that a large reflux may cause back pressure injury on the kidney during infancy but, in children more than one year old, will cause renal growth retardation and renal scarring only be predisposing to pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress reactions involving the pars interarticularis in young athletes.

A stress reaction involving the pars interarticularis of the lumbar spine was confirmed in seven young athletes with a positive technetium pyrophosphate bone scan. No pars defects were detectable on their lumbosacral roentgenograms, which included oblique views. The return to normal levels of radioactive uptake on repeat bone scans correlated closely with their clinical course. If the bony reaction is recognized early, it may heal at a subroentgenographic level and prevent the development of lumbar spondylolysis. These early lesions usually show unilateral increased uptake at one lumbar level on the bone scan and, initially, the athlete localizes the pain to the corresponding unilateral lumbar paraspinous area. The "one-legged hyperextension test" is positive on the ipsilateral side and aggravates the pain. Treatment consists of avoiding the aggravating activities and resting. The average time for return to pain-free competition was 7.3 months. These developing defects may be the source of considerable prolonged disability in the young athlete, particularly if undiagnosed and untreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The injury rate in professional basketball.

The purpose of this study is to review seven years of medical experience with injuries to players of a professional basketball club. One of the authors was involved with all injuries occurring during this period of time. All 71 athletes participating with this club were evaluated, and their specific injuries were studied with regard to incidence, time loss due to injury, and treatment. Foot, ankle, knee, back, and hand injuries were found to occur most often. The most common as well as the most severe injuries were those of the ankle and knee. The average time loss from play due to injury was amazingly consistent for each specific injury. Rehabilitation of injuries varied from no playing time loss to two years. Even though knee injuries carry a poor prognosis, the authors conclude that the incidence of severe injury in professional basketball is low. This study will hopefully serve as useful information for those involved with the care of basketball players.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ergonomic exposure assessment: an application of the PATH systematic observation method to retail workers. Postures, Activities, Tools and Handling.

This study examined biomechanical stressor variables (physical work exposures) in relation to job title, gender, and back-belt status in 134 retail store workers. The principal concerns were to quantitatively describe physical work exposures and to determine the degrees to which these quantitative variables correlated with job title and with the use of back belts. An additional objective was to assess the inter-rater reliability of the observation method. The systematic observation method employed was based on a modification of the PATH (Postures, Activities, Tools, and Handling) measurement method. Chi-square analysis indicated that the frequencies of bent or twisted postures followed the pattern of unloaders > stockers > department managers. For weight handled per lift, lower, or carry, the pattern was unloaders > department managers > stockers. The mean lifting frequencies per hour were 35.9 for department managers, 48.8 for stockers, and 137.4 for unloaders. Back-belt-wearing percentages were higher for unloaders (63%) compared with stockers (48%) and department managers (25%). Back-belt-wearing workers had higher levels of biomechanical stressor variables, including arm position, twisting, weight handled, and number of lifts per hour. Kappa statistics ranged from 0.5 to 0.63, a level of adequate or good reliability beyond chance. The method employed in this study is applicable in studies that require only fairly crude distinctions among biomechanical stressor variables. Nevertheless, this level of distinction may be sufficient when implementing intervention studies and control strategies for many material-handling-intensive jobs.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Transferring people safely with manual handling equipment.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transferring equipment designed to assist a carer when moving someone who is able to take some weight through their legs is likely to affect the risk of back problems in the carer. DESIGN: Twelve pieces of equipment were tested by nurses transferring patients from commode to wheelchair and vice versa, and from wheelchair to bed and vice versa. Video recordings were taken of each transfer and freeze-frame pictures at the moment of greatest load were analysed. Compressive disc force was deduced, using a biomechanical model, from the weights of the patient and nurse and measurements of anatomical distances and angles. SETTING: The Sir Walter Puckey Gait Laboratory, in the Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Southampton. SUBJECTS: Six female trained nurses with no recent history of hernia, back pain or pregnancy during the previous six months were recruited to use the equipment. Two female patients were chosen from those volunteering and screened for stroke, confusion and unusual footwear. The patients were able to partially weight-bear and were used to being transferred. RESULTS: The results indicate that the critical value of 3.4 kN at the L5/S1 disc (specified by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) was not exceeded when using transferring equipment. CONCLUSION: In this study, loading on the spine during transferring tasks with or without equipment was not considered harmful when good technique was employed.

Back Injuries↗