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Zinc in the eye.

Zinc has long been recognized as an essential constituent of various tissues. Many clinical conditions and dietary factors reduce the absorption or the biological availability of zinc, and lead to zinc deficiency which produces structural and functional alterations in many organ systems. The highest concentration of this trace element in the human body is measured in the eye, particularly in the pigment-containing components. The deficiency of zinc has a dramatic effect on ocular development especially when it occurs during early prenatal period. Zinc is required for the structure and activity of many ocular metalloenzymes. Although the exact mechanism of its molecular and cellular functions are largely unknown the essentiality of this element in the component of the eye, including the retina, choroid, cornea and lens, is well established; it is also well known that zinc deficiency causes functional impairments in various parts of the eye. Zinc related toxicities have been shown in human and animal eyes.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed2004

Necrolytic acral erythema: response to combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin.

Necrolytic acral erythema is a papulosquamous and sometimes vesiculobullous eruption bearing clinical and histologic similarity to other necrolytic erythemas such as necrolytic migratory erythema, pseudoglucagonoma, and nutritional deficiency syndromes. Necrolytic acral erythema is distinguished by its association with hepatitis C infection and its predominantly acral distribution. We describe a pediatric patient with necrolytic acral erythema whose eruption resolved with hyperalimentation and combination interferon and ribavirin therapy, despite the persistence of detectable viral load and continued hepatic and renal insufficiency.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed2004

Lichenoid eruptions in children.

Lichenoid eruptions are quite common in children and can result from many different origins. In most instances the precise mechanism of disease is not known, although it is usually believed to be immunologic in nature. Certain disorders are common in children, whereas others more often affect the adult population. Lichen striatus, lichen nitidus, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, and lichen spinulosus are examples of lichenoid lesions that are more common in children than adults. Distinguishing these diseases is necessary for prediction of the course of the eruption and for optimal management. In most cases, certain clinical characteristics enable the clinician to reach a diagnosis, whereas in other cases biopsy is required for a definitive answer. Many of these lesions are self-limited and only require symptomatic treatment, although corticosteroids can hasten resolution in certain disorders. Discontinuation of the medication is often sufficient for resolution of lichenoid drug eruptions.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed2006

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex's syndrome): association with liposarcoma.

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex's syndrome) is a rare obligate paraneoplastic dermatosis characterized by erythematosquamous lesions localized symmetrically at the acral sites. The condition almost exclusively affects Caucasian men older than 40 years. It is usually associated with primary malignant neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract. In most cases, the skin changes precede the clinical manifestation of the underlying neoplasm. The dermatosis can be cured only by removal of the underlying carcinoma. We describe a case of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica associated with a retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a 71-year-old Caucasian man. The liposarcoma was surgically removed but recurred several times, with acrokeratosis paraneoplastica showing a parallel development. We, therefore, add liposarcoma to the growing list of malignant neoplasms associated with acrokeratosis paraneoplastica.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed2004

Five patients with localized facial eruptions associated with Gianotti-Crosti syndrome caused by primary Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Five infants exhibited an exclusively facial rash associated with Gianotti-Crosti syndrome(GCS). On all patient cheeks, multiple erythematous papules were seen symmetrically. All patients tested positive for the immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody against the Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen, suggesting that a primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection caused localized facial rash, an alternative clinical picture of GCS.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed2006

[Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica with bullous lesions associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex syndrome) is characterized by an acral eruption with a psoriasiform appearance, which usually presents simultaneously with an underlying neoplasm. We describe the case of a 64-year-old male who presented with a two-month history of pruritic, flaky, erythematous lesions on the palms, backs of the fingers and toes and pinnae, accompanied by bullous lesions. The patient also reported progressive dysphagia in the last six months, and general wasting with a loss of 15 kg. The digestive endoscopy revealed a squamous cell carcinoma in the proximal esophagus. The histopathological study of the bullous lesions showed the presence of a subepidermal bulla, and direct immunofluorescence revealed granular deposits of IgG, IgA and C3 in the basal membrane of the healthy perilesional skin. These clinical/pathological findings support the existence of an immunological pathogenic mechanism related to this entity.

Acrodermatitis↗