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PubMed1990

[Relation of occupational demands and stresses, health status and work incapacity of young workers].

A cross-sectional analysis was carried out comprising 620 boys and 294 girls active in their jobs between one and six years after leaving school to examine the influence of physical conditions and job-related stress and exposures on the frequency of their absenteeism from work due to illness. The frequency is rather high in young workers with chronic disorders or people who have to work under adverse hygienic conditions. This can be seen as a result of both psychic and social factors as well as chronic disorders or job-related stress and exposures, the latter influencing heavily the time a worker may be unfit for work. To raise young people's fitness for work it is necessary to elevate the standard of industrial welfare and provide appropriate health care at the workplace.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of a policy change on three types of absence.

Nurse executives use many strategies to manage nurse absenteeism. Nurses in this study voiced dissatisfaction with a policy requiring progressive disciplinary action after three absence incidents. To alleviate this dissatisfaction, supervisors were allowed to use their discretion in deciding when to initiate disciplinary action regarding the use of sick leave. The authors discuss the effect of the policy change on use of absence time and excused and unexcused leave.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

Corporate fitness programmes and health enhancement.

The corporate environment is a convenient and practical place to promote exercise and fitness. There is now evidence that corporate sponsored fitness programs will decrease employee turnover, decrease absenteeism, decrease industrial injuries, decrease corporate medical costs, and increase productivity, in addition to the personal benefits gained by the participants.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

Low back injury in industry: the value of a recovery program.

Low back pain is the most frequent chronic disabling condition in the United States in patients younger than 45 years, and it is the second largest cause of employee absenteeism. In this retrospective study involving extreme working conditions at an industrial plant, we found that 20% of all employees incurred a back injury (occupational and nonoccupational) during the 12-month study period, costing more than 5,000 days of work lost, and approximately $920,000. Based on these findings a three-phased program of education/prevention, physical therapy, and an on-site rehabilitation workshop was implemented. After the first operational year, the net saving to the corporation was $255,000, and all employees who participated in the program returned to work within 60 days. We conclude that good job design, employee education on back injury prevention, and immediate on-site rehabilitation for injuries incurred can reduce employee disability and lost work time thus benefiting the employer and employee alike.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

[Occupational disability among teachers and its relation to subjective health status and professional performance].

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between absenteeism and functional health state, action competence, realization of professional goals and essential needs as well as subjective strain in job and family and type A behaviour pattern. The results of discriminant analyses from a sample of 774 teachers (group 1; no sickness leave days, group 2: sickness leave days greater than 28) are discussed.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of an indoor air pollution investigation.

After the opening of a new elementary school in fall 1986, several members of the school's staff noticed symptoms they attributed to the workplace. An investigation by the Occupational Safety and Health Branch (OSHA) of the Alaska Department of Labor found no major health problems and concluded that fireproofing at the school may have caused a petroleum-like odor. In fall 1987, parents reported illness in their children that they attributed to school attendance. Subsequent epidemiologic investigation found that student and staff absentee rates were not increased and were similar to other schools in the district. Testing conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) confirmed that the petroleum-like odor was due to the fireproofing. Toxicologic information and the results of air sampling confirmed that no adverse health effects would be expected from the product. By working together with NIOSH, OSHA, the school district, and a consulting mechanical engineer, deficiencies in the school's ventilation system were discovered and immediately corrected with interim engineering changes. Only by bringing multiple agencies together and openly sharing findings with concerned parents and staff were the problems at the school resolved.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug use and illnesses among eighth grade students in rural schools.

We examined the relationship between drug use by young adolescents and two indicators of illness, frequency of illness and numbers of days absent from school owing to illness. Data were from a general health survey of all eighth grade students enrolled in public schools in two rural Maryland counties. A total of 745 students completed a self-administered questionnaire during school hours in January 1984. Information was obtained on a variety of sociodemographic characteristics and on the students' use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Correlational analyses were used to examine the relationships among cigarette smoking, beer or wine drinking, whiskey or hard liquor drinking, and marijuana use. Logistic regression was used to model the effects of drug use behaviors on the likelihood of being absent from school 3 or more days, adjusting for the student's age, sex, race, parents' education, illness frequency, and concerns about learning problems in school. We found substantial covariation among the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. After adjusting for the background variables of illness, frequency, and learning problems, we found that students who are frequent cigarette smokers experienced a 2.6 risk of school absenteeism. Other drug use behaviors were not associated significantly with increased risk of missing school. Findings are discussed within the context of health-related consequences of drug use.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1988

Sickness absence in the freezing industry.

A study was undertaken to determine the aetiology and incidence of sickness absence in two freezing works in the South Island. The study was carried out in a 12 month period from May 1982 to April 1983. Each participant, in addition to a sickness absence questionnaire, was given a job stress questionnaire, to determine the effect of stress factors on absenteeism. A further job involvement questionnaire was used to assess prevailing attitudes to work. It was found that sickness caused by zoonotic illness accounted for only 6.8% of all absences. The majority of sickness absences were caused by nonzoonotic viral infections 39.3%, surgical operations 17.1%; and stress related disease 15.4%. It was concluded that stress related illness was a greater cause of sickness absence than zoonotic illness in the survey period.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1985

Factors predictive of stress, organizational effectiveness, and coronary heart disease potential.

Research to predict stress, organizational effectiveness, and potential for developing coronary heart disease (CHD) is presented based on two samples (n = 357 and n = 225). Results indicate that perceived stress is predicted by a combination of individual and job related characteristics. The data suggest that stress, in turn, affects individual and organizational health and effectiveness, by causing increases in cold/flu episodes, somatic symptoms, while decreasing job satisfaction. In addition, stress has an indirect effect on job performance and absenteeism. Models for predicting the ratio of total serum cholesterol divided by HDL cholesterol as an indicator of coronary heart disease potential are provided and a CHD screening model is proposed.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1979

A computer-assisted personnel data system for a hospital department of dietetics. II. Labor accounting reports.

To provide timely and accurate labor accounting reports for a university hospital department of dietetics, six reports were designed: Monthly analysis of labor costs for biweekly employees, ledger of monthly labor costs, quarterly analysis of turnover, monthly report of unscheduled absenteeism for biweekly employees, labor listing, and seniority listing. Computer programs were written to generate four of these reports; two were generated from a generalized data base management system.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medico-social consequences of asthma in adults (author's transl)].

The evaluation of the medico-social consequences of asthma in adults encounters difficulties that are inherent to a chronic disease with varying clinical pictures. Overall statistical analyses, particularly concerning mortality, provide little information in a socio-economical perspective, especially in France. However, based on the results of fragmentary but varied analyses, the study of this disease in relation to the working careers of asthmatic subjects underlines the importance of the repercussions at the very start of professional life (choice of profession, recruitement in a company). The study of absenteeism and inaptitude reveals to what degree these consequences are related to the seriousness of the disease and to the asthmatic person's social sphere. The same is true for family and social life which is more difficult to evaluate. Systematic analyses alone will be useful in determining whether asthma is considered a "social disease" with its eventual implications on a public health program.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medico-social consequences of asthma in children (author's transl)].

The author proposes a study of the medico-social consequences of asthma. Having shown the impossibility of a monolithic conception of asthma, he shows how much it is conditioned in the child by his social and family surroundings. Different levels of consequences are considered: restraints linked to the therapeutics of a chronic disease, effect on physical activity and leisure, importance of the repercussions on school life (absenteeism and slowness). In conclusion, the author stresses both the importance of these consequences on the personal and professional future of the child and the need to define high risk groups corresponding to criteria based on seriousness and social environment for whom the prevention of these repercussions must have priority.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the frequency of asthma among the adolescents attending school in the Bas-Rhin (author's transl)].

The frequency of asthma in a population including all the adolescents attending school in the department of Bas-Rhin (29 138) in May and June 1976, is 4,1%. This rate is 4,9% in boys and 3,4% in girls. The frequency of asthma is higher in urban areas (5,0%) than in rural areas (3,8%). Asthma is related to respiratory symptoms and is related to more school absenteeism (26%) than in non asthmatics (13,7%). These findings are confirmed by the data given in other medical surveys.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza activity in metropolitan Rome, Italy, during the cold-weather months of 1976-1977.

Several prospective methods for surveillance of influenza are systematically carried out among the population of this city: (a) monitoring of excess deaths from respiratory and other causes; (b) monitoring of excess absenteeism from work; (c) attempts to cultivate influenza virus from throat swabs obtained from patients with respiratory diseases attending outpatient services; (d) checking of increased antibody reactivity for prevailing influenza virus strains in serum samples obtained from healthy adults of the open population. The results of these studies will be reported with respect to influenza activity in the metropolitan area in the winter of 1976-1977. Comparison of the speed and effectiveness with which the influenza epidemic was identified in the urban population by the various surveillance methods will also be given.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1984

Health and economic aspects of peptic ulcer disease.

The costs to society of peptic ulcer disease have become exorbitant. These costs are incurred either directly (hospitalization, physician care, and medication costs) or indirectly (loss of productivity due to absenteeism, the loss to society of functioning persons or death of productive persons). Although the results of many studies show that hospitalization for duodenal ulcer disease has decreased, the incidence of perforation, which may be a better index of the disease, has not changed significantly. For many patients and for society, peptic ulceration is a chronic and costly disease. The cost effectiveness of the available treatment modalities are variable and dependent on preventing recurrence. Medical treatment, including the use of antacids and the newer H2-receptor antagonists, seems to be promising. Cimetidine, for example, is effective in treating the acute stage of the disease, but some studies have shown that once the treatment period is over, the ulcers tend to recur. Ranitidine, a newer H2-receptor antagonist, is as effective as cimetidine for healing peptic ulcers and may be more useful as long-term therapy to prevent recurrences. If so, costs to society of this disease can be greatly reduced.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1983

Economic evaluation of corporate medical programs.

The cost of corporate medical programs is receiving increasing attention in times of financial austerity. This article reviews the published data on economic evaluations of such programs. It develops a framework within which profitability and cost-effectiveness can be assessed. Critical evaluation of the available data confirms the probable cost benefit of preemployment examinations, and absenteeism and alcohol abuse control programs. It is noted that the data are limited to a small and unrepresentative sample of industry.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1980

Nurse/health counseling model for a successful alcoholism assistance program.

International Harvester Company had developed a unique program utilizing the occupational health nurse as a nurse/health counselor for a corporate alcoholism assistance program. As a result of this program, absenteeism, disability and medical payments, and hospitalizations in a group of 342 employees have significantly declined.

Absenteeism↗