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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Effect of cefodizime sodium on the kidney function in male rabbits--single and 7-day repeated intravenous administration].

Renal effects of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) administered by the intravenous route singly and for 7 consecutive days to male rabbits, were compared with those of cefazolin sodium (CEZ) and cephalothin sodium (CET). Four animals were used in each group including control groups. In the single-dose study, THR-221 (600 and 1800 mg/kg) and CET (1800 mg/kg) caused no nephrotoxic effects. In the CEZ groups (600 and 1800 mg/kg), findings indicative of the decreased renal function were obtained: serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased over the control values, and phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) retention test showed a delay in PSP excretion from the blood. In addition, the white surface of the kidney was macroscopically observed, and microscopic examination revealed renal proximal tubular changes such as necrosis, hyaline cast and calcification, suggesting renal disorders. The repeated-dose study also showed similar results to those described above. Administration of THR-221 (200 and 600 mg/kg/day) and CET (600 mg/kg/day) caused no effects on the kidney. In the CEZ groups (200 and 600 mg/kg/day), serum chemical and PSP test results suggested the decreased renal function, and macroscopic and microscopic findings included organic changes in the kidney. These results suggest that under the conditions tested THR-221 dose not elicit signs of nephrotoxicity in contrast to CEZ, and behaves almost equally to CET.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Kidney function in the course of compensatory hypertrophy following unilateral nephrectomy in the Wistar rat].

Unilateral nephrectomy was performed in 109 male Wistar rats, 35 animals served as controls. Determinations of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using slope clearance of 99mTc-DTPA and of tubular function using an orally water-loading test were made. The tests were performed 2 and 5 days as well as 2, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after nephrectomy. In all examinations the GFR was more than 50% of the level of two-kidney control animals. Fractional maximum diuresis was increased in the first 2 examinations after nephrectomy from 8.9 +/- 2.1 to 15.4 +/- 4.2% of the GFR and fractional clearance of osmotically free water from 6.8 +/- 1.9 to 10.9 +/- 3.5%. In the fourth and sixth week the proximal tubular reabsorption was increased and the glomerulo-tubular balance had been recovered. However, the minimal urine osmolarity was increased to 107.8 +/- 17.7 mmol/l and the osmotic load of the nephrons remained elevated. Possible clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urodynamic exploration of the upper urinary tract. III. Recovery of obstructed kidney function].

In cases of severe obstructive nephropathy, the quantification and potential reversability of a hydronephrotic atrophy is a fundamental factor in the choice between conservative and radical surgery. The information provided by non-invasive techniques, like excretory urography and the modern isotopic techniques, is limited by intercurrent phenomena, like infection and/or additional obstructive phenomena, which are frequent in patients presenting with hydronephrotic atrophy. It is therefore necessary, in such cases, to rely on direct procedures giving precise information concerning individual renal function, and, more particularly on percutaneous nephrostomy. The author's personal experience suggests that this procedure greatly improves the prognosis. But its results may be predictable in the light of a comparison of the analytical, manometric and radiological data provided by a transcutaneous punction of the kidney. In that event, it follows that the percutaneous nephrostomy is, of course, no longer indicated.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1998

[Impaired kidney function in lithium therapy].

Long-term therapy with lithium may be associated with a broad spectrum of functional and structural side-effects in the kidney. Among these features, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the most frequent and it can be expected to occur in 20-70% of the patients. Diabetes insipidus is the result of a lithium induced resistance of collecting ducts to antidiuretic hormone. Additional functional disturbances are represented by renal tubular acidosis and consequences of hypercalcemia. Structural alterations of the kidney have a rare occurrence. In the literature, there are accounts of chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis and few cases of glomerulopathies. Our report of a patient with chronic interstital nephritis is supplemented by a brief discussion of the diverse picture of the nephrotoxicity of lithium.

Antimanic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kidney function in therapy with non-steroidal antiphlogistic drugs. A double-blind cross-over study with diclofenac, indomethacin and piroxicam].

The effect of piroxicam (1 x 20 mg daily), diclofenac (2 x 50 mg daily) and indomethacin (3 x 25 mg daily) on renal function was compared in a double-blind cross-over study of 33 patients with various rheumatologic diseases. Individuals with preexisting renal impairment were excluded. In 16 patients piroxicam was compared with diclofenac. In another group of 17 patients piroxicam was compared with indomethacin. Each drug was given for 28 days. The mean inhibition of renal prostaglandin E2 by the three drugs was comparable. There was no significant alteration of the renal function parameters in any of the drugs. These results confirm that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with short (diclofenac, indomethacin) but also with long half life (piroxicam) do not decrease renal function in individuals without renal impairment.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

[Glomerulonephritis (GN) in childhood. I. Epidemiology, clinical aspects and kidney function in 125 children].

The blood pressure, urinary symptoms (proteinuria, hematuria, casts), the albumin- and cholesterol concentration in the serum and the renal function (GFR, RPF) of 125 children with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) were analysed. 76 children had only single symptoms (93% proteinuria, 33% hypertension), which indicated a GN. The serum albumin and cholesterol concentration were pathological in 43% of the patients and serum creatinine level was pathological in 20% of the children. After 6 years the individual courses of renal function demonstrated a deterioration of GFR and RPF for most of the children. It can be concluded, that the summary consideration of epidemiology, symptomatology and renal function of different glomerular lesions has only a limited application to the clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Combination therapy for staghorn calculi in solitary kidneys: functional results with long-term followup.

A total of 10 patients with staghorn calculi in a solitary kidney was managed with endourological sandwich therapy consisting of primary percutaneous debulking followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) of residual inaccessible stones. Secondary percutaneous procedures, ESWL and chemical dissolution were used as necessary in a vigorous attempt to render each patient stone-free. As such, these 10 renal units underwent 21 percutaneous procedures through 13 tracts, 17 ESWL treatments and 3 courses of hemiacidrin. No patient required open operative intervention or dialytic support. With 4 to 57 months (mean 31.6) of followup, renal function for the group as a whole improved as evidenced by a decrease in mean serum creatinine levels from 3.1 mg./dl. before treatment to 2.2 mg./dl. at latest followup. More importantly, renal function has remained stable or improved in 9 of the 10 patients individually. We conclude that an aggressive, combined endourological approach to the management of staghorn calculi provides long-term preservation of function in the affected kidney.

Adult↗