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PubMed1996

Analysis of Initial Protein Surface Coverage on Fouled Ultrafiltration Membranes

Internal surface coverage of protein in membranes during the initial phase of ultrafiltration was analyzed. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), in solutions of pH 5 and 7 with 0.05 and 0.15 M NaCl, were ultrafiltered with 100,000-MWCO polysulfone membranes. Mass uptake of the membranes was determined using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for separate membranes for fractions of an hour for up to 4 h. The resulting data were compared with models for surface coverage. The results showed a significant amount of protein loading exists in a very short time of exposure during ultrafiltration. The amount of material found in this period was not a function of solution properties; however, solution properties did affect the resistance per mass for adsorbed species when the pH was near the isoelectric point of BSA. The modeling comparison implied that the entrained solute from pH 7 appeared to behave as though it was lodged in the ultrathin skin area of the membrane. Solute in the membrane at pH 5 and low ionic strength appeared to be lodged and adsorbed throughout the membrane substructure.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

X-Ray Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Cu(II) Sorbed to Silica: Surface-Induced Precipitation at Low Surface Coverages

Both EPR and XAFS spectroscopy were used to characterize the sorption of Cu(II) on silica surfaces at extremely low surface coverage (0.8 and 9.9% monolayer). The binding structure of Cu(II) on silica surfaces revealed by XAFS experiment was compared to that predicted by EPR spectra. Our XAFS results show that Cu(II) hydroxide clusters form on silica surfaces even at surface coverage as low as 0.8% of a monolayer. However, we observed low EPR intensity and line-broadening which has been assigned to dipole-dipole interactions between isolated Cu(II) ions. The results of our XAFS studies indicate that the loss of EPR intensity and line-broadening can be traced to Cu(OH)2 clusters on silica surfaces.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Monolayer Coverage-Sorbate Area Relationship for Mixtures of Sorbents.

The adsorption of molecules of different sizes, at monolayer coverages, was determined for binary mixtures of montmorillonite and hydroxy-Al montmorillonite in order to test the applicability of the general equation (NA(z) = k) relating the number of sorbate units at monolayer coverage (N) with their areas (A). The effect of the proportions of the components in the mixture on the value of the exponent z was also evaluated. The data obtained confirm the validity of the equation and indicate that the value of z for the mixtures assumes intermediate values between the two z values of the components, depending on their proportions. It is also demonstrated that the z exponent could have a value of unity (a value supposed to indicate surface uniformity) for certain mixtures of sorbents having z values different from unity, i.e., possessing nonuniform surfaces. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

An inverse gas chromatography study of the adsorption of organics on nickel- and copper-hexacyanoferrates at zero surface coverage.

The surface properties of Ni and Cu hexacyanoferrates were investigated by the inverse gas chromatography method. Retentions of 10 organic compounds were measured at zero surface coverage in the temperature range 80 to 95 degrees C. The gas/solid partition coefficients and the related thermodynamic data of adsorption (standard free energy change, standard state enthalpies, and entropy changes) also at zero surface coverage were determined. The dispersive component of free surface energy of both hexacyanoferrates, at investigated temperatures, was calculated. The surface acid/base properties were also evaluated using polar adsorbates and the results obtained indicate that nickel hexacyanoferrate is more acidic than copper hexacyanoferrate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Differences in sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle characteristics among American Indians by telephone coverage.

BACKGROUND: Telephone interviews are often used to obtain population-based estimates of health-related behaviors but they have serious limitations if phone coverage is poor and people without telephones differ from those with telephones. In this article we examine differences in selected sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle factors among a sample of American Indian adults with and without telephones. METHODS: In-person interviews were conducted with 410 adult residents of a Rocky Mountain state American Indian reservation. The interview included a question asking about telephone coverage. We compared respondents with and without telephones on demographics, health status, and lifestyle practices. The comparison was repeated for health status and lifestyle practices after adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Residents without phones generally were less educated, had lower income and were more likely to be unemployed. The prevalence of unhealthful lifestyle practices/factors was consistently higher for residents without telephones. Many of the differences were reduced by adjusting for demographic characteristics, but significant differences remained for alcohol and marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that developing estimates of sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics on a Native American Indian reservation using a telephone survey method may result in significant noncoverage biases. Adjusting for demographic characteristics eliminated most of these differences. However, significant differences were still apparent with alcohol and marijuana use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Factors associated with hepatitis B virus immunization coverage at the beginning of a population campaign in the Lazio region, Italy.

BACKGROUND: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was introduced in Italy in 1991 as compulsory among newborns and among 11-year-old children. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the HBV immunization coverage of the two target populations by the public health services in the Lazio region and to analyze factors associated with starting and completing HBV immunization in the initial period of the campaign. We used data registered in the public health services of 7/51 Health Districts. As a proxy indicator of services' performance we used the "expected immunization period," that is, the 6-month period in which each child should have been started on immunization, according to the calendar. RESULTS: HBV vaccine coverage rates were 63% in the younger cohort and 50% in the older one. The results of univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that starting HBV immunization was associated with being newborn (crude OR = 3.30; 95%CI 2.17-2.44), with living in a small city (crude OR = 6.81; 95%CI 6.12-7.58), and with being assigned to the second (crude OR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.65-1.90) or to the third 6-month period of the expected immunization period (crude OR = 2.58; 95%CI 2.42-2.76). The probability of completing HBV immunization was higher among children who had had the first dose "age-appropriately" or with "acceptable delay" and among those living in small cities. It was lower among children in the second or the third 6-month period. Size of urban area of residence was associated with both outcomes: the city of Rome showed the lowest probabilities of starting and completing HBV immunization, while the small cities showed the highest ones. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of public health services was the most important determinant of recourse to public health services for vaccinations; it varied according to size of urban area; in towns organization difficulties contributed to the delay of starting vaccination, for at least a year. The expected immunization period was a good proxy indicator of services' performance. The timing of the first dose was the strongest predictor of completing vaccination also at the beginning of the campaign.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Patient compliance and therapeutic coverage: comparison of amlodipine and slow release nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension. The Belgian Collaborative Study Group.

To study patient compliance in hypertensive outpatients amlodipine (5 mg once daily) and slow release nifedipine (20 mg twice daily) were compared in an open, crossover study in general practices. Four methods of assessment for patient compliance (pill count, taking compliance, days with correct dosing, timing compliance) were used in both study arms. For the latter three assessment a special device, the medication event monitoring system, was used to record the time and date of each opening and closure of the container. The compliance of the 320 hypertensive patients with once-daily amlodipine was markedly superior to twice-daily slow release nifedipine. Therapeutic coverage was also significantly better for amlodipine in the hypertensive patients. Amlodipine was better tolerated than nifedipine slow release. Patient compliance and therapeutic coverage with the calcium antagonist amlodipine given once daily was superior to slow release nifedipine b.d. in hypertensive outpatients recruited in general practice.

Amlodipine↗
PubMed1993

Payment and coverage issues affecting medical oncology.

Medical oncologists continue to face significant issues in obtaining full payment for and coverage of their services by third-party payers. A number of issues raised by the Medicare fee schedule have, however, been at least partially resolved in a favorable manner. There continue to be problems in coverage of off-label drug uses and services associated with clinical trials. The impending reform of the health care system may improve the situation or it may give rise to further difficulties.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2003

[Coverage of pressure sores with free flaps].

INTRODUCTION: The coverage of recurrent pressure sores with unstable scar in the surrounding tissue is still an unsolved problem in the literature. Local and regional transfer of tissue often does not meet the requirements of the tissue deficit. Especially in recurrent pressure sores, the adjacent skin has already been consumed due to multiple surgeries. As a good alternative, the microsurgical transfer of flaps offers viable tissue to cover even large pressure sores. METHODS: We performed a total of six free flaps in five patients who suffered from intractable pressure sores in the hip region. The age of the patients was between 41 and 63 years. The defect size varied between 6 x 6 cm and 25 x 30 cm. Two combined myocutaneous scapula-latissimus dorsi, two myocutaneous latissimus dorsi, one anteromedial thigh, and one rectus femoris flap were used to cover the defects. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 29 months. Flaps provided stable coverage in four of five patients at 12-month follow-up. There was one subtotal flap necrosis that was subsequently treated with split-thickness skin grafting. CONCLUSION: In this series of five patients with six free flaps, we were able to show that the microsurgical transfer of tissue is a valuable option in the treatment of difficult pressure sores. Even in older and debilitated patients, this method is a good alternative to conventional local flaps.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Defect coverage and reconstruction of thumb sensibility with the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap].

INTRODUCTION: The "Foucher" flap is a pedicled neurovascular island flap of the first dorsal metacarpal artery. METHODS: From 1992 to 2000, thirty-three neurocutaneous island flaps from the dorsal aspect of the index finger (FDMCA flap) were performed for defect coverage and reconstruction of sensibility in the thumb. RESULTS: Static 2-PD over the flap area averaged 10.8 mm (range 4-15), compared to 8.2 mm (4-15) over the dorsal aspect of the contralateral index finger. Response to the SW monofilaments showed no difference to normal skin or only diminished light touch in 76% (19/25) patients. Seventy-six percent (19/25) were able to return to their previous jobs or resume previous activities. CONCLUSION: Based on negligible donor site morbidity of the flap and the good sensate quality and aesthetic appearance, the Foucher flap has become our first choice in defect coverage and restoration of sensibility of the thumb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Distally pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flap for defect coverage on the lower leg].

BACKGROUND: Defects of the lower leg with exposed tendons or bone require either a local or free flap coverage. The distally pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flap has been proven to be a sufficient local flap alternative. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Using this technique the muscle is perfused by the non dominant distal perforators. This allows the muscle to be transposed to more distal lesions. The muscle is then covered with meshed split skin graft. Between 2000 and 2004 12 patients with defects of the lower leg in the distal lower third have been treated by using this muscle flap. The defects were located over the tibial bone, the extensor tendons, the achilles tendon and the lateral malleolar region. RESULTS: All muscles healed primarily, 4 patients had minor wound healing complications of the skin graft, which in all cases healed conservatively. The muscle and skin graft remained stable. Donor site morbidity is restricted to the scar in the lateral lower leg. Pronation of the foot is not impaired. CONCLUSION: These cases show that the distally based peroneus brevis muscle has a wide range of coverage and even allows a closure down to the calcaneal tuberosity. Additionally, a local flap management with a safe muscle transposition is an economic procedure with short operation time and decreased hospital stay. If the muscle does not cover the wound sufficiently, free flap surgery can still be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Construction of an AFLP genetic map with nearly complete genome coverage in Pinus taeda.

De novo construction of complete genetic linkage maps requires large mapping populations, large numbers of genetic markers, and efficient algorithms for ordering markers and evaluating order confidence. We constructed a complete genetic map of an individual loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers segregating in haploid megagametophytes and PGRI mapping software. We generated 521 polymorphic fragments from 21 AFLP primer pairs. A total of 508 fragments mapped to 12 linkage groups, which is equal to the Pinus haploid chromosome number. Bootstrap locus order matrices and recombination matrices generated by PGRI were used to select 184 framework markers that could be ordered confidently. Order support was also evaluated using log likelihood criteria in MAPMAKER. Optimal marker orders from PGRI and MAPMAKER were identical, but the implied reliability of orders differed greatly. The framework map provides nearly complete coverage of the genome, estimated at approximately 1700 cM in length using a modified estimator. This map should provide a useful framework for merging existing loblolly pine maps and adding multiallelic markers as they become available. Map coverage with dominant markers in both linkage phases will make the map useful for subsequent quantitative trait locus mapping in families derived by self-pollination.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Effect of surface coverage on the conformation and mobility of C18-modified silica gels.

C18-modified silica gels with surface coverages of 2 to 8.2 micromol m(-2), were prepared by different synthetic pathways and characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and chromatographic measurements. The effects of temperature and bonding density on the conformational order of C18-modified silica gels were studied in detail by FTIR spectroscopy. The silane functionality and degree of cross-linking of silane ligands on the silica surface were evaluated by 29Si cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR and the structural order and mobility of the alkyl chains were investigated by 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. CH2 symmetric and anti-symmetric stretching bands and CH2 wagging bands were used as IR probes to monitor the conformational order and flexibility of the alkyl chains in the C18 phases. Qualitative information about the conformational order was obtained from frequency shifts of the CH2 symmetric and anti-symmetric stretching bands. The relative amounts of kink/gauche-trans-gauche, double-gauche, and end-gauche conformers in the alkyl chains were determined by analysis of CH2 wagging bands. These results indicate that surface coverage plays a dominant role in the conformational order of C18-modified silica gels. The FTIR and NMR data are discussed in the context of the chromatographic shape-selectivity differences.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Press coverage and sales of Xenical in Sweden, 1998-2000.

OBJECTIVE: The anti-obesity drug Xenical (orlistat, Roche) was launched on the Swedish market in February 1999. The sales peaked in May 1999 and then declined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the press coverage of Xenical during the period 1998-2000 and, if possible, relate press attention to Xenical sales during this period. METHODS: We analysed all articles published in Sweden's four biggest-selling newspapers mentioning Xenical during the period 1998-2000. Promotion activities aimed at healthcare professionals were measured by registering the number of advertisements in the Journal of the Swedish Medical Association. Sales figures for Xenical were obtained from the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies. RESULTS: Approximately twice as many positive-effect messages were published than negative or neutral messages. Only six out of 42 positive messages referred to results from scientific studies. The initial high peaks for sales and positive-effect articles coincided with the launch of Xenical on the Swedish market. CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to discern a causal relationship between press coverage and sales; however, it seems safe to say that the large number of positive articles published before and during the launch greatly increased public awareness of Xenical, thus promoting sales.

Advertising↗
PubMed2002

A retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT scan and reconstruction technique with suppression of heart pulsation artifacts for cardio-thoracic imaging with extended volume coverage.

A method for cardio-thoracic multislice spiral CT imaging with ECG gating for suppression of heart pulsation artifacts is introduced. The proposed technique offers extended volume coverage compared with standard ECG-gated spiral scan and reconstruction approaches for cardiac applications: Thin-slice data of the entire thorax can be acquired within one breath-hold period using a four-slice CT system. The extended volume coverage is enabled by a modified approach for ECG-gated image reconstruction. For a CT system with 0.5-s gantry rotation time, images are reconstructed with 250-ms image temporal resolution. Instead of selecting scan data acquired in exactly the same phase of the cardiac cycle for each image as in standard ECG-gated reconstruction techniques, the patient's ECG signal is used to omit scan data acquired during the systolic phase of highest cardiac motion. With this approach cardiac pulsation artifacts in CT studies of the aorta, of paracardiac lung segments, and of coronary bypass grafts can be effectively reduced.

Aortic Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Colorectal cancer screening coverage in Greece. PACMeR 02.01 study collaboration.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer death in European countries and differences in screening implementation may in part explain USA vs European survival differences. Despite the evidence, no study has evaluated the population colorectal cancer screening (CCS) coverage in any European country. We aimed to index the current CCS practices among a large sample of Greek healthy adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Screening practice habits of 5,259 healthy adults, aged 50-80, were surveyed. Both overall and screening practices of stool occult blood test (SOBT), digital rectal examination (DRE), and colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (COL/SIG) were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the population analyzed, 90.1% declared that they were interested in cancer prevention activities. Overall SOBT practice rate within the last 2 years was 4.77%. When only screening procedures were analyzed, this percentage shrank to 1.73%. Overall and screening COL/SIG rates within the last 10 years were 8.76 and 1.74%, respectively. The respective proportions of individuals who underwent DRE were 14.54 and 5.2%. Evidence-based screening practices were influenced by age, family history of colorectal cancer, profession, and educational level; however, SOBT and colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy did not overcome 4.1 and 4.6% in any subpopulation analyzed. CONCLUSION: The level of CCS coverage among the examined sample of Greek adults was discouraging. Surveys among other European countries are encouraged.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Free flap coverage of pyoderma gangrenosum leg ulcers.

BACKGROUND: Pyoderma gangrenosum is a necrotizing skin disorder of unknown cause. Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum usually entails medical treatments. Surgical treatment is generally not successful. OBJECTIVE: Two patients with pyoderma gangrenosum of their lower extremities are presented. The application and utility of microvascular free flap coverage of their ulcers is discussed. RESULTS: Both patients achieved successful healing with microvascular free flaps. CONCLUSION: Microvascular free flap coverage may be a surgical treatment option for selected patients with pyoderma gangrenosum.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Belgian health care workers.

BACKGROUND: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination policy for health care workers (HCW) started in Belgium in 1983. An update of vaccination coverage and rates of seroconversion and seroprotection among HCW can give an insight into the actual status and encourage further development of vaccination programs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 5,064 HCW were tested for anti-HBs. We considered those who had a positive anti-HBs test as seroconverted (SC) and those who had an anti-HBs titer > 10 IU/l as seroprotected (SP). RESULTS: 4,771 HCW were eligible for vaccination; 84.9% of them were effectively vaccinated. Among high-risk professions (nurses, care and laboratory workers), 94.79% were vaccinated; for other professions the vaccination coverage was 69.26%. Of the 1,015 non-vaccinated persons, 293 were anti-HBs positive. Among these 54.95% declared they had had a previous hepatitis infection that was serologicaLly proven to be HBV (anti-HBc positive). Of the remaining 132 positives, 70.45% had previously undergone surgery and/or transfusion. Among these 1,015 non-vaccinated HCW, 59.03% were anti-HBs positive. Of these, 373 were nurses, care or laboratory workers. This contrasts with the results for HCW in other sectors, where 11.49% were anti-HBs positive. CONCLUSION: In our sample, high vaccination, seroconversion and seroprotection rates were achieved, at least for higher risk HCW. The same conclusion can be drawn if we consider hospital departments which carry a higher risk of blood-borne infections.

Adult↗