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Normative contrast sensitivity functions: the problem of comparison.

Sixty college age observers who were prescreened for 6/6 (20/20) acuity were examined twice on an automated contrast sensitivity system. A significant practice effect was evident in the obtained contrast sensitivity functions (CSF's). In addition, marked differences were found between the contrast sensitivity scores in the present work and the normative CSF reported by other investigators using similar methods. Implications for the rapid assessment of CSF in applied settings and for the use of published CSF norms are discussed.

Adult↗

Mild hypoxia and visual performance with night vision goggles.

Military night vision goggles (NVGs) are image intensifiers normally used when the human operator's visual capabilities are unimpaired by oxygen deprivation. However, mountain search team members and aviators sometimes operate with NVG augmentation at altitudes where hypoxic visual decrement is documented. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of mild hypoxia on monocular visual performance with NVGs. It was found that mild oxygen deprivation significantly affects unaided square-wave grating visual acuity but does not significantly affect NVG-augmented performance. Large differences between visual sensitivities at different spatial frequencies were not differentially affected by mild hypoxia. Supplemental oxygen did significantly improve naked-eye but not NVG-augmented night resolution acuity up to a simulated altitude of 13,000 ft (3,962 m) above sea level (ASL).

Aerospace Medicine↗

Vision through an abnormal cornea: a pilot study of the relationship between visual loss from corneal distortion, corneal edema, keratoconus, and some allied corneal pathology.

Visual function was assessed by classic acuity measures as well as contrast thresholds over a wide spatial frequency range for subjects with experimentally induced corneal distortion and induced corneal edema. These results were compared with similar results for patients with uniocular keratoconus, bilateral keratoconus, and allied corneal pathology. Distortion and edema were found to produce characteristically different types of contrast attenuation at threshold (amplitude) and have quite different suprathreshold abnormalities (phase) for objects within the resolution limit and therefore could form the basis of a useful functional classification of the visual degradation from corneal pathology.

Cornea↗