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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Measuring clinical performance: comparison and validity of telephone survey and administrative data.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and validate self-reported telephone survey and administrative data for two Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures: mammography and diabetic retinal exams. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: A telephone survey was administered to approximately 700 women and 600 persons with diabetes randomly chosen from each of two health maintenance organizations (HMOs). STUDY DESIGN: Agreement of survey and administrative data was assessed by using kappa coefficients. Validity measures were assessed by comparing survey and administrative data results to a standard: when the two sources agreed, that was accepted as the standard; when they differed, confirmatory information was sought from medical records to establish the standard. When confirmatory information was not available ranges of estimates consistent with the data were constructed by first assuming that all persons for whom no information was available had received the service and alternately that they had not received the service. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The kappas for mammography were .65 at both HMOs; for retinal exam they were .38 and .40. Sensitivity for both data sources was consistently high. However, specificity was lower for survey (range .44 to .66) than administrative data (.99 to 1.00). The positive predictive value was high for mammography using either data source but differed for retinal exam (survey .69 to .78; administrative data .99 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Administrative and survey data performed consistently in both HMOs. Although administrative data appeared to have greater specificity than survey data the validity and utility of different data sources for performance measurement have only begun to be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Failure of blue-tinted lenses to change reading scores of dyslexic individuals.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to address a perceived major flaw in past studies investigating tinted lenses and dyslexia; i.e., the lack of a direct, scientifically validated means of diagnosing the type and severity of dyslexia. METHODS: Sixteen 5th and 8th grade students, found to be dyslexic based on testing via the Dyslexia Determination Test (DDT), were randomly divided into two groups of eight. One group was tested first with blue filters (then, 2 to 5 weeks later, no filters) using the Gates MacGinitie Reading Test for reading comprehension. The other group of eight was tested in the same way, first with no filters, then 2 to 5 weeks later with blue filters. The grade level of the test used for each subject was in accord with the DDT decoding level. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in reading comprehension level or reading speed when the blue filter condition was compared to the no filter condition. CONCLUSIONS: Using DDT classification, subjects were found to have mostly dysphoneidetic (mixed pattern) dyslexia. Among this population of dyslexic students, tinted lenses appeared to provide no beneficial effect. We offer an explanation based on neuro-anatomical relationships between the visual system and reading centers in the brain. The hypothesis states that the transient system defect may be an epiphenomenon, which can coincidentally occur in cases of reading disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Improvement of vision in nursing home patients through eyeglasses].

Adequate refraction correction may contribute to the quality of life of elderly persons who will be less dependent on care in daily life and will be less prone to fall. In nearly 20% of 102 nursing home residents binocular visual acuity improved with at least one line on the Snellen Chart by adjustment of refractive correction.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

[A survey and treatment of blindness in Gejiu City of Yunnan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the percentage of blindness in the mass and evaluate the current conditions of treatment for cataract. METHODS: In accordance with the national unified standards and procedures, a clue survey of the people aged under 40 years and a general survey of the people over 40 years in Gejiu city, Yunnan province were carried out. In the mean time, operations were performed for the patients with cataract. RESULTS: Of the total 361 214 persons being surveyed, there were binocular blindness in 1 037 cases (0.29%) and monocular one in 983 cases (0.27%). Of the cases with binocular blindness, 593 cases (57.18%), and of the monocular blindness, 617 cases (62.77%) could be treated. The leading causes of 1037 cases with binocular blindness were cataract (51.98%), injuries of the eye (19.96%), corneal opacity (16.00%), glaucoma (10.03%), refractive error and other ocular diseases (2.03%). The average prevalence rate in the female cases was higher than that of male cases (chi(2) = 53.48, P < 0.01). Blindness was associated with older age There were variations in the prevalence rates in different aboriginals and in cases with different occupations. Cataract was the main disease to cause both the monocular and binocular blindness. Among the patients with cataract 539 cases (90.98%) of binocular blindness and 500 cases (81.03%) of monocular blindness were curable. The cataract operation was performed on 738 cases with cataract, including 396 cases with binocular blindness and 342 cases with monocular blindness. At postoperative 3 months, the rate of the best corrected visual acuity (eye sight > 0.05) was accounted for 97.73%, the rate of the eye sight > 0.3, 86.36% and the rate of wearing glasses (including implantation of intraocular lens), 85.60%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of blindness is associated with the aboriginal, occupation, age and the sex. The leading cause of blindness is cataract. So the surgical restoration of vision in cases with cataract is the main measure in the prevention of blindness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Characteristics of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in students of different ages].

To investigate the peculiarities of the visual acuity and contrastive sensitivity 60 healthy pupils (120 eyes) of different ages (7-16) were examined with a help of the computer diagnostic program "Oculus-W" V95. The increase in both the visual acuity and the contrastive sensitivity with age have been shown, as well as the parametres of their normal levels for different ages have been determined. It makes estimating the functional state of the visual analyzer more exact. The processes of making the visual acuity and the contrast sensitivity in the schoolchildren have been proved to interdependent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye health of industrial workers in Southeastern Nigeria.

A cross-sectional ophthalmological survey to determine the ocular health in Nigerian industries was undertaken in four randomly selected industrial establishments in Enugu State of Nigeria. The industrial establishments studied were the cement factory, coal mine, saw mill and iron/steel works where motor spare parts are fabricated. Of the 646 workers, 184 (28.5%) had a history of industrial accidents, 81 (12.5%) of which affected the eye. Eye injury was most commonly caused by metal chips, cement dust, fragments of wood, pieces of coal stone and welders' arc rays all of which could be prevented by wearing appropriate protective eye coverings. Contusion injury was the most common type of injury reported. Eye accident rate varied from factory to factory as also did the wearing of protective eye devices. overall, the percentage of workers using protective eye cover was 16.7% but there was a significant difference between the factories in this respect, protective eye wear being more often used in factories with higher eye accident rates. A total of 646 technical workers had detailed ophthalmological examination. The types and frequencies ofvisual disorders seen as well as the nature and causes of eye injuries were determined. Five hundred and twenty-eight workers (81.7%) had eye disorders. Presbyopla was responsible for 203 (31.4%) of these disorders while 169 (26.2%) were refractive errors. Of the others, pterygium and pingueculum together numbered 179 (27.7%) while cataract was found in 79 (12.2%) subjects. The results showed a high frequency of eye injuries among industrial workers and a low level of use of protective eye cover while at work. It is recommended that legislation requiring the use of protective devices in high-risk industries should be vigorously enforced to improve the eye health of Nigerian industrial workers.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

The use of contact lenses by U.S. civilian pilots.

BACKGROUND: Since 1976, the use of contact lenses by civilian pilots has been permitted to correct distant vision for obtaining a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aeromedical certificate. This study examined the civil airman population's experience with contact lens use for a 30-year period (1967 to 1997). METHODS: Population totals for airmen who carried pathology codes 161 (contact lens) and 158 (orthokeratology) from January 1, 1967 through December 31, 1997 were used to calculate prevalence rates by class of medical certificate and age. The National Transportation Safety Board and FAA databases were queried to determine if contact lens use had contributed to aviation mishaps. RESULTS: The prevalence of contact lens use grew faster for first-class medical certificate holders and airmen > or = 40 years of age during the period. The frequency of airmen with orthokeratology increased by 23 times in a 10-year period. Reports from five aviation accidents and one incident suggested that contact lens use was a contributing factor in these mishaps. CONCLUSIONS: Professional pilots and older airmen were found to be more inclined to use contact lenses. The increasing use of contact lenses and the rapid changes in contact lens technology warrant continued monitoring to ensure aviation safety.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Vision examinations for all children entering public school--the new Kentucky law.

BACKGROUND: Kentucky was the first state in the United States to pass a law requiring an eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist for each child entering public school, public preschool, or Head Start program for the first time. The law became effective on July 15, 2000. METHOD: Forty-three of 334 Kentucky Optometric Association members were surveyed by the Kentucky Optometric Association. They practiced in 37 of 120 counties throughout Kentucky. Eye examinations for 5,316 children entering the Kentucky school system for the first time were reviewed. The children were divided into groups of 3-year-olds, 4-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and 6-year-olds and older. The survey summarized data collected during the period of July 15, 2000 through April 1, 2001. RESULTS: Based on the survey of the clinical assessments of 5,316 eye examinations, a total of 740 children were prescribed spectacle lenses, 181 were diagnosed with amblyopia, 123 children were diagnosed with strabismus, and 44 were diagnosed with other eye diseases. Children in the 6-years-old and above age group were statistically prescribed more spectacle prescriptions than were children ages 3, 4, or 5 years of age. The number of spectacle lens prescriptions, strabismus, amblyopia, and eye diseases diagnosed was independent of county income levels. CONCLUSION: This survey of children entering the Kentucky public school system for the first time showed that 13.92% of the children were prescribed spectacle lenses, 3.40% were diagnosed with amblyopia, and 2.31% were diagnosed with strabismus.

Child↗