Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UTIs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical reevaluation of ofloxacin (OFLX) in urinary tract infections].

The clinical efficacy of the new quinolone antibacterial agent ofloxacin (OFLX) on urinary tract infections (UTI) was reevaluated. A 400-600 mg dose per day of OFLX was administered to 85 adult patients with various kinds of UTI. OFLX was effective clinically in 92.6% of the patients with acute UTI without urinary tract complications. In 81.8% of the patients with chronic complicated UTI because of organic or functional urinary tract disorders, OFLX was effective. This drug also has a marked bacteriological efficacy. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were seen in any of the patients administered OFLX.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections by ofloxacin].

To study the treatment effects of ofloxacin (OFLX) on the patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), OFLX at a daily dose of 600 mg divided into either two or three doses per day, was administered for 14 days to 114 patients with complicated UTI. Among the 114 patients, 67 patients satisfied the criteria for clinical evaluation of complicated UTI. One hundred and one organisms were isolated from these patients' urine. Among them, 82 organisms were eliminated following OFLX administration. Twenty organisms appeared newly by the replacement of organisms. Among them, 6 organisms belonged to Candida sp. As to the overall efficacy of OFLX, an excellent response was seen in 37.3% and sum of efficacy rate was 65.7%. Side effects were observed in 3 of the 114 patients. These results indicate that OFLX is both safe and effective enough to be used for the treatment of the patients associated with complicated UTI.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of Candida HA titer in patients with urinary tract infections].

The serum candida antibody (HA titer) was measured by means of indirect hemagglutination test in 28 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) and 11 control subjects. The peripheral lymphocytes subsets (OKT-3,4,8 and 4/8 ratio) were also examined in same patients. The 17 UTI patients who had Candida species in their urine had a higher HA titer than the other UTI patients without Candida or control subjects, but elderly UTI patients (over 71 years old) did not show higher HA titer. A positive correlation was seen between HA titer and OKT-3,4 or 4/8 ratio. On the other hand, HA titer and OKT-8 showed a negative relationship. Therefore, the ability to produce the candida antibody might be closely related to the host cellular immune responsiveness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Reevaluation of clinical efficacy of piperacillin against complicated urinary tract infections].

Forty-six inpatients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) were treated with 2 g piperacillin (PIPC) twice a day through drip intravenous infusion. After 5 days, evaluation was made using the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee in Japan. The overall clinical efficacy was rated "excellent" in 4 (8.9%), "moderate" in 22 (47.8%), and "poor" in 20 (43.5%) cases with a total efficacy rate of 56.5% (26/46). We previously presented the clinical efficacy of PIPC in 74 cases with complicated UTI. Herein, a total of 120 cases were analyzed and these cases were divided into two groups. The overall clinical efficacy, bacteriological response, type of infection, background of patients and its safety were evaluated. Almost no change was seen for four years. Also this study revealed the usefulness against Enterococcus infections. In conclusion, PIPC is still a useful antimicrobial agent against complicated UTI even after the appearance of many new Cephems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapy of lower urinary tract infections in children].

Infection of the urinary tract has been described for nearly two centuries, yet the diagnosis, localization of infection, outcome, and management of UTI continue to generate significant problems. The two basic aims of treatment of UTI are the relief of symptoms and the prevention, or at least limitation, of damage to the renal parenchyma. The initial choice of an antimicrobial in the patient with a suspected UTI is based on knowledge of the expected organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. The spectrum of urinary pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in our geographical area are presented. Moreover therapeutic regimens in the treatment of upper and lower UTI are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Antibody-coated bacteria and localization of urinary tract infection].

The distinction between upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is of great help in the management and treatment of these conditions. The antibody-coating technique was used to investigate urine of patients with nephrostomies, chronic and acute pyelonephritis, chronic and acute cystitis, of male patients with dysuria and significant bacteriuria and of female patients with indwelling catheters. Furthermore this indirect method was compared with FAIRLEY'S direct method for localization of UTI in female patients with indwelling catheters. All tests were positive in patients with nephrostomies and acute pyelonephritis. Out of 19 tests in patients with chronic pyelonephritis, 18 were positive and one negative. Antibody-coated bacteria were present in 4 out of 8 patients with chronic cystitis and in 2 out of 9 patients with acute cystitis. Out of 5 male patients with dysuria and significant bacteriuria, 3 had a positive test. Out of 25 women with indwelling catheters 20 exhibited antibody-coated bacteria in urine and 5 did not. In 9 female patients with indwelling catheters the UTI was localized in the upper tract 5 times by the Fairley technique but 7 times by determination of antibody-coated bacteria. The demonstration of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine is a simple and reliable method of localizing the site of a UTI. False positive results may be observed in patients with indwelling catheters and prostatitis; in both instances there is probably local antibody production and coating of the bacteria. As the test is relatively expensive and time-consuming, it is indicated only in special situations and is not considered a routine screening procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Antibodies in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.

In 105 adults with E.Coli urinary tract infections, IgG coated bacteriuria was found in 8/9 with acute pyelonephritis (PN), 17/20 with chronic PN, and in only 2/76 with lower UTI. IgA was present in 66% of PN, but IgA secretory piece in less than 10%. These urinary IgG antibodies were, at least in part, synthesised in the kidney because serum IgG antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in only half the patients. 06, 018, 022 E.Coli serotypes were the three most frequently found O groups, but their prevalence in PN is not significant. The immunology of urinary tract infection (UTI) is still a subject of little interest in adult nephrology; but antibody production is a well-characterised event in pyelonephritis (PN), the study of which seems to be the best indirect procedure for localising the site of UTI. We have analysed the production of urinary and humoral antibodies, and their correlation with E.Coli serotypes in patients with E.Coli UTI.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical study of urinary tract infections in transurethral surgery].

Effect of prophylactic administration of antimicrobials on postoperative urinary tract infection was studied in 40 patients who had undergone transurethral surgery. Two gm of cefoperazone (CPZ) per day was administered intravenously starting on the day of surgery for 5 days consecutively. In group I, 1 g of CPZ was administered 1 hour before surgery and another 1 g after surgery, while in group II 2 g of CPZ was administered after surgery only. Thereafter, in either group, 1 g of CPZ was administered intravenously 2 times a day. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was diagnosed when urine specimens yielded 1 X 10(4)/ml or more cells. In group I, 8 patients (40%) had UTI before surgery. Of 8 patients, 3 had bacteria resistant to CPZ. Of the remaining 5 patients with bacteria sensitive to CPZ 4 patients were cleared of bacteria after surgery. All these patients had bacteria sensitive to CPZ and therefore all were cleared of bacteria after surgery. In either group of patients all without bacteriuria at the time of preoperative evaluation were free from bacteriuria after surgery. All bacteria yielded after surgery were weak pathogens. All patients except 1 had no postoperative infectious complication such as septicemia, epididymitis and UTI. One patient showed UTI with fever after surgery. Urine culture yielded S. faecalis. This study showed that the prophylactic administration of antimicrobials for patients undergoing transurethral surgery was valuable, but the both methods of administration were similarly effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Concomitant therapy with cefmenoxime and cefsulodin for refractory complicated urinary tract infection (especially caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa)].

Cefmenoxime (2 g) and cefsulodin (1 g) were given twice daily for 5 days by concomitant intravenous drip infusion (mixed infusion) to 135 patients with complicated urinary tract infection (c-UTI) probably caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the criteria proposed by the UTI committee in Japan. Ninety one subjects met the criteria for c-UTI and were evaluable for drug efficacy. P. aeruginosa was detected in 44 cases (including mixed infection with other organisms). The overall efficacy rate was 73% of the 91 cases; 75% of the 44 cases with P. aeruginosa and 70% in the 47 cases without P. aeruginosa infection. As to bacteriological response, the eradication rate was 91% (105/116) for all cases. By organism, the eradication rate for P. aeruginosa, Serratia spp. and Citrobacter spp. were 82 (36/44), 100 (12/12) and 100% (10/10), respectively. The eradication rate for gram-negative rods was 93% (99/107). Twenty-three strains appeared after treatment, and the majority of them (13) were yeast-like organisms. There was only one strain of P. aeruginosa. As for side effects, eruption was found in 2 cases. Cefmenoxime and cefsulodin were administered concomitantly to patients with c-UTI which was suspected to be caused by P. aeruginosa. The high overall efficacy rate of about 70% on the average was obtained regardless of the causative organism and disease state. The eradication rate of as high as about 90% was obtained excluding Enterococcus faecalis. Neither severe side effects nor abnormal laboratory values were found. It appeared, therefore, that this dosage regimen was useful for the treatment of refractory complicated urinary tract infection.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1987

Urinary tract infections and sexual activity in young women.

A group of 147 young women with symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) were compared with a control group of 105 symptom-free young women belonging to the same population. On logistic-regression analysis, sexual activity was the only significant and independent behavioral difference between the groups (87% of women with UTI were sexually active vs 32.7% of the control group). Of the 147 episodes of UTI, only 28.9% occurred within 24 hours of sexual intercourse; of 24 episodes that occurred during follow-up, the percentage that occurred within 24 hours of intercourse was 33.3%. This finding is in discordance with the close temporal association between UTI and sexual intercourse reported in previous studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Histocompatibility antigens in urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux: a preliminary communication.

Various factors may predispose urinary tract infection (UTI) due to E. coliin pediatric patients. Our observations on HLA typing of three families and 36 unrelated patients with recurrent UTI suggest that reflux is inherited through factors(s) loacated on the sixth pair of human chromosome in a close linkage with the Major Histocompatibility Complex. Thus, HLA haplotyping may be used as a marker for vesicoureteral reflux within a family. HLA specificity AW32 may be in linkage disequilibrium with factor(s) responsible for reflux. Furthermore, HLA typing of UTI patients revealed that certain HLA specificities (A2, A10 and BW16) may be assoicated with the susceptibility to UTI due to E. coli regardless of the presence of a reflux. The incidence of blood group A was found to be elevated in patients with recurrent TUI but only in the group which had no detectable reflux.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Nosocomial urinary tract infections due to enterococcus. Ten years' experience at a university hospital.

From 1975 through 1984, 473 cases of enterococcal nosocomial urinary tract infection (UTI) were identified by prospective hospital-wide surveillance at the University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville. The rate of infection increased progressively from 12.3 to 32.2 cases per 10 000 patient discharges, and the proportion of nosocomial UTIs due to this organism increased from 6% to 16%. During the study period, crude mortality was 15%. Patients with the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder accounted for 26% of cases and had a crude mortality of 7.3%; all other cases (74%) had a crude mortality of 18.1%. Risk factors associated with fatal outcome in cases having a nosocomial enterococcal UTI included age of more than 50 years, concurrent acute respiratory failure, hospitalization on the internal medicine service, and concurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Enterococcus is the second most frequent cause of nosocomial UTI in our hospital. The emergence of this pathogen may reflect, in part, its selective advantage imparted by resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary tract infections in a general medicine department. Comments on cases collected over 3 years].

Urinary infections often complicate the clinical course of hospitalised patients especially those with immunological diseases or under antibiotic treatment for other infectious pathologies. Urethral catheterisation is also a well known cause of such infections. The problem of urinary infections was examined in a general medical division. Over a three year period (1982-84), 384 urinary tract infections (UTI) with one infecting organism and 21 UTI with two bacterial species in urine cultures were found. UTI was more often found to be caused by gram negative than gram positive bacilli in both catheterised and non-catheterised patients and E. Coli accounted for most infections. Pseudomonas, Serratia and Acinetobacter were only found in catheterised patients and Enterobacter cloacae almost exclusively so. Among gram-positive bacilli, Enterococcus was the most common. Staphylococcus aureus was rare but created major pathogenetic and therapeutic problems. The results are discussed with particular reference to the high incidence of Escherichia coli and the significance of the different distribution of Pseudomonas, Serratia, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter cloacae between catheterised and non-catheterised patients. Finally the pathogenic and therapeutic problems of UTI caused by more than one germ are considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

New aspects of pathogenesis of lower urinary tract infections.

Current theories about the pathogenesis and immunology of urinary tract infections (UTI) and the role of host defense mechanisms are discussed. The ascending route of infection is responsible for the vast majority of UTI, and colonization of the periurethral region by group-specific Escherichia coli precedes the development of UTI. Several bacterial virulence factors have been identified in organisms responsible for UTI. In urine, the most important inhibitory factors are a very high or low osmolality, a high urea concentration, a high organic acid concentration, and a low pH. There are many new antimicrobial agents which facilitate the process of bacterial eradication, especially of microorganisms that were resistant to previously available antibiotics.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1983). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of antibiotics against causative pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in the 8 institutions in Japan during the period from 1980 to 1983 were compared. A number of new beta-lactam antibiotics with broad spectrum of activity have become available for clinical use in recent years. Some of them, in particular so-called third generation cephems, are reported to be responsible for developing microbial-cross resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics. We have been making survey in recent years to explore changes in susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents of clinical isolates. All bacterial isolates from clinical specimens were submitted to the Department of Clinical Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, where they were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with MIC 2000 apparatus. Of all pathogens from patients with simple UTI, the majority of the isolates was E. coli and Klebsiella spp. In cases of complicated UTI, on the other hand, Pseudomonas spp. were most frequent, followed in order by Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp. and E. coli. Conspicuous changes in antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from simple UTI have not been found in our survey. Against strains of Citrobacter spp., even the third generation cephems proved to be not remarkably active and there was a significant decrease in susceptibility of isolates to the drugs test-showed MIC values of 50 micrograms/ml and the proportion increased to 50% (22/44) with isolates obtained in 1982. The antimicrobial activity of cefsulodin and gentamicin against P. aeruginosa was decreased in 1982 compared with that in 1980 and 1981. However, resistant strains were slightly more frequent with gentamicin. In 1983, the antimicrobial activity of third generation cephems against Serratia spp. was significantly reduced from that in 1982.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam for complicated urinary tract infection].

Efficacy and safety of Aztreonam, a monobactam antibiotic developed by E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. U.S.A., in complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) were studied. Aztreonam was administered to 15 patients with complicated UTI admitted to our Hospitals between July, 1984 and January, 1985. A two-gram dose of Aztreonam was administered twice a day intravenously or intraductally for 5 days consecutively. There were 11 evaluable cases in accordance with the UTI Drug Efficacy Evaluation Standard (the second issue). Overall clinical effect of these cases were "excellent" in 6 cases, "good" in 2 cases and "poor" in 3 cases. All the effective cases ("excellent" and "good") were of single infections and all the non-effective cases ("poor") were of complicated infections. All of the gram-negative pathogens and 4 of the 8 gram-positive pathogens were eliminated. In no cases were side effects or significantly abnormal laboratory findings reported. Therefore, Aztreonam is very effective and safe for complicated UTI, especially gram-negative infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies of norfloxacin in urinary tract infections].

The clinical effectiveness and safety of norfloxacin were evaluated in 34 patients with urinary tract infections. Out of 13 patients with simple UTI evaluated by the UTI criteria, the results were excellent in 12 cases (92.3%) and moderate in 1 case (7.7%). For complicated UTI evaluated by the UTI criteria, the results were excellent in 7 cases (70%), moderate in 2 cases (20%) and poor in 1 case (10%). The clinical efficacy was satisfactory in the cases of 2 complicated urinary tract infections as well as simple urinary tract infection. Out of 26 strains of bacteria isolated before treatment, 25 strains (96.2%) were eradicated after treatment. There were no remarkable adverse effects. Only one patient showed slight elevation of serum transaminase transiently. From the above results, norfloxacin is considered to be useful and safe in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of methods for localization of urinary tract infection in the female dog.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) was induced in the left kidney of seven female dogs and in the urinary bladder of eight female dogs. Several methods advocated for localization of UTI in other species were tested in the infected dogs. Although fever, renal pain, and leukocytosis were detected in some dogs with renal infection, findings were transient. Radiographic changes in the kidneys and ureters were detected in some dogs with renal infection, but were absent in others. Bladder washout studies were not reliable for differentiating renal infection from bladder infection. Antibody coating studies were positive in dogs with bladder infection and in dogs with renal infection. The positive results from dogs with bladder infection may have been because of nonspecific binding of immunoglobulins to Staphylococcus aureus after leakage of serum immunoglobulins into urine. Studies of six dogs of both sexes with naturally occurring UTI indicated that their serum contained antibody against common urinary pathogens and that this antibody gained access to the urine in some dogs. It was concluded that the antibody coating test was unreliable for localization of UTI in the dog.

Animals↗