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Results for “Taste Buds”

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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Lighting up the senses: FM1-43 loading of sensory cells through nonselective ion channels.

We describe a novel mechanism for vital fluorescent dye entry into sensory cells and neurons: permeation through ion channels. In addition to the slow conventional uptake of styryl dyes by endocytosis, small styryl dyes such as FM1-43 rapidly and specifically label hair cells in the inner ear by entering through open mechanotransduction channels. This labeling can be blocked by pharmacological or mechanical closing of the channels. This phenomenon is not limited to hair cell transduction channels, because human embryonic kidney 293T cells expressing the vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) or a purinergic receptor (P2X2) rapidly take up FM1-43 when those receptor channels are opened and not when they are pharmacologically blocked. This channel permeation mechanism can also be used to label many sensory cell types in vivo. A single subcutaneous injection of FM1-43 (3 mg/kg body weight) in mice brightly labels hair cells, Merkel cells, muscle spindles, taste buds, enteric neurons, and primary sensory neurons within the cranial and dorsal root ganglia, persisting for several weeks. The pattern of labeling is specific; nonsensory cells and neurons remain unlabeled. The labeling of the sensory neurons requires dye entry through the sensory terminal, consistent with permeation through the sensory channels. This suggests that organic cationic dyes are able to pass through a number of different sensory channels. The bright and specific labeling with styryl dyes provides a novel way to study sensory cells and neurons in vivo and in vitro, and it offers new opportunities for visually assaying sensory channel function.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Taste affection and its causes].

Basic anatomophysiological evidence underlying sense of taste, main causes of taste disorders, guides for practitioners how to detect these disorders and differentiate them with physicians of allied specialities, make prognosis and design policy of the disease treatment are reviewed.

Cranial Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed2003

The tongue: structure and function relevant to disease and oral health.

The tongue (L. lingua; G. glossa) functions as a digestive organ by facilitating the movement of food during mastication and assisting swallowing. Other important functions include speech and taste. The tongue consists of striated muscle and occupies the floor of the mouth. The dorsal mucosal surface consists of stratified squamous epithelium, with numerous papillae and taste buds. The tongue, a voluntary muscular structure, is attached by a fold, called the frenulum, to the floor of the mouth. Typically, between 8 and 12 circumvallate papillae are arranged in an inverted V-shape towards the base of the tongue. This anatomical review focuses on structure, function relationships and diseases affecting the tongue. From a primary oral health care perspective, this overview will facilitate the process of differential diagnosis in persons presenting with vesiculo-bullous, ulcerative, atrophic and cystic disorders of the tongue. Suspicious lesions should be biopsied to rule out carcinoma.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Evoked response to taste stimulations.

For the recording of gustatory evoked responses, the tip of a stimulator is pressed vertically on one side of the tongue until the trigger pulses are generated by a switch attached to the bottom of the stimulator. According to our results, no detectable response was observed in the absence of taste. The positive waves were distinguishable by using the technique of superimposition before averaging, and the positive wave was made clearer by averaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cytokeratin profiles in oral epithelial: a review and a new classification.

This article proposes a classification of oral epithelial and summarizes recent literature of cytokeratin expression in the oral cavity. The oral epithelial are subdivided into two major groups: superficial and deep epithelia. Epithelial lining the oral cavity, i.e., superficial, are essentially stratified squamous epithelia, with the exception of taste buds. The epithelium covering the dorsal tongue is a combination of keratinized and non-keratinized epithelia. Deep epithelia are of two kinds, odontogenic and glandular epithelia. This study provides a classification of the cytokeratins expressed in the oral cavity in healthy and pathological situations based on published data and our own studies. The profiles of these polypeptides in different oral epithelia should provide information that may be used in various disciplines of oral medicine.

Classification↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of cytokeratin patterns in the developing human tongue.

The characterization of cytokeratin (CK) in adult oral mucosa and developing teeth have been well documented in human. Cytokeratin distribution in developing oral mucosa has not yet been described. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of CK in human fetal tongue (week 10 to week 23) and to correlate the results with morphological maturation. Simple epithelial CK are expressed in all cell layers during the early stages, essentially in peridermal cells. From the 14th week, CK 18 is present only in the taste buds, making this polypeptide a reliable marker for this sensory organ. CK 4 and 13 are expressed from the 10th to the 23rd week by both ventral and dorsal lingual epithelia. Terminal differentiation keratins (CK 1, 2 and 10-11) can only be detected immunohistochemically at the 14th week in some cells on the external surface of some papillae. The number of these papillae and positive cells increase at the 19th and 23rd weeks. The terminal differentiation markers are expressed several weeks earlier than the formation of a well-distinguished keratinized layer.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative anatomic studies of the tongue of Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1799) and other primates. I. The chimpanzee tongue].

This study was carried out on a comprehensive collection of tongues of Pan troglodytes. Material of tongues of Tupaia glis, Microcebus murinus, Chirogaleus major, Lemur catta, Galago crassicaudatus, Cebus apella, and Macaca mulatta were used for comparison of the different stages of the development of the papilla foliata. The tongue of Pan exhibits longitudinal growth correlated with the growth of length of the jaws and individual age. A typical foramen caecum as it occurs in man was gross anatomically not recognizable. Seldom a small circular depression appeared in the midline close to the papilla circumvallata centralis which could be the remnant of the foramen caecum. There is a remarkable accumulation of papillae filiformes and fungiformes at the apex linguae; the same seems to be true for other genera of primates. It is self-explanatory that the accumulation of papillae makes the tip of the tongue a particularly sensitive area; this has been found to be true even in man. One specimen of the prenatal age just before term was studied. It exhibited remarkably elongated, thread-like papillae, their function is unknown as yet. They are no longer present in a newborn specimen of 4 d of age. In the aboral part of the dorsum linguae, a special kind of papillae occur; they are flat lobes which carry moderately elongated, tiny processes at their free margin. The function of these papillae is unknown; taste buds are absent.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Observations on the structure and histochemistry of the skin of Mystus gulio (Ham.) (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes, Bagridae).

The skin of Mystus gulio (Ham.) is typical of siluroids in not having any scales. Large number of mucous cells and sacciform granular cells, interspersed with taste buds, were found in the epidermis. Histochemical tests showed the presence of weakly sulphated mucopolysaccharides in the mucous cells, while the sacciform granular club cells were found to be proteinaceous, with a small amount of lipids and phospholipids. The dermis is composed of a stratum laxum and a stratum compactum. The subcutis was found to consist of loosely arranged collagen fibres and fat cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of studying taste sensitivity with basic or pure solutions].

In this paper we study the phenomenon of the gustatory fatigue using simple solutions in representation of the four basic-tastes. We have designed a map of the sensibility of the tongue to the four basic tastes according to our results. Finally we study the fatigue and adaptation in the gustatory system, concluding that are different concepts although they are very close related.

Adolescent↗