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PubMed2002

The stain prevention efficacy of two tooth whitening dentifrices.

An 8-week randomized, double-blind, parallel group clinical study was conducted to assess the extrinsic stain prevention efficacy of three commercially available dentifrices: 1) a dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride with copolymer, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a silica base (Product 1); 2) a dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride, baking soda and peroxide, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a silica base (Product 2); and 3) a dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Product 3). After the collection of baseline stain scores by a trained examiner and a subsequent oral prophylaxis, 126 volunteers were randomized to one of the three treatment groups (balanced for composite extrinsic stain scores). Throughout the 8-week treatment period, subjects brushed their teeth twice daily with their assigned dentifrice. At baseline, 4-, and 8-week evaluations, extrinsic dental stain was measured on the facial surfaces of the six maxillary anterior teeth and on the facial and lingual surfaces of the six mandibular anterior teeth using the Lobene Index. A total of 120 subjects completed the study. No adverse events were reported, and subjects who discontinued the study did so for reasons unrelated to the dentifrices. At the 4-week evaluation, composite stain scores were statistically significantly lower (P < .05) for both Product 1 (44.9%) and for Product 2 (34.6%) relative to Product 3. At the 8-week evaluation, composite stain scores were statistically significantly lower (P < .05) for both Product 1 (28.4%) and for Product 2 (29.6%) relative to Product 3. The results of this clinical study demonstrate that both dentifrices, one containing 0.234% sodium fluoride with copolymer, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a silica base; and one with 0.243% sodium fluoride with copolymer, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a silica base are more effective in preventing natural extrinsic stain formation on teeth as compared with a marketed control dentifrice.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Plaque inhibition and staining by hibitane and vantocil.

In a first 2-day experiment, inhibitions of plaque formation by 0.05% Hibitane and Vantocil rinses were similar. In a second 7-day test, the same 2 antimicrobials again showed similar degrees of plaque depression. The Vantocil group exhibited significantly more severe tooth surface staining than the Hibitane group.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Clinical evaluation of a 15% in-office hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening touch-up agent.

The success of tooth whitening has increased public demand for quicker results of the tooth-whitening process. More and more patients are opting for in-office treatments, if available, to expedite the process, and they are looking for ways to re-whiten quickly when they feel their teeth have reverted from their after-treatment results. This article will discuss the use of a commercially available product as a touch-up procedure for patients who had been previously treated with a 2-week carbamide peroxide whitening regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Vital bleaching with two at-home professional systems.

PURPOSE: To compare the whitening effectiveness of two professional vital bleaching systems in a randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Balancing for baseline color, 6 9 adult volunteers were randomized to either a whitening strip containing 6.5% hydrogen peroxide (Professional Crest Whitestrips) or a custom tray-based system using both hydrogen and carbamide peroxide (Nite White Excel2). Total contact time was 21 hours for the strip system and 28 hours for the 10% carbamide peroxide equivalent tray system. Whitening response was measured objectively as L*a*b* from digital images of the maxillary anterior teeth. RESULTS: Both treatments resulted in significant (P < 0.01) improvements in yellowness (deltab*), brightness (deltaL*) and overall color (deltaE*). For between group comparisons, strip subjects had a statistically significant or directionally favorable whitening response relative to the tray system at intermediary time points, while at the end-of-treatment, the strip group had highly statistically significant (P < or = 0.005), superior whitening response for all color parameters measured in the study. Both treatments were generally well tolerated, with 35-40% of the subjects in each group reporting minor tooth sensitivity or gingival irritation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The relative cleaning effectiveness of manual and powered toothbrushes.

Recently, a number of new low-cost powered toothbrushes have been marketed globally. Assessment of their cleaning capability in vitro is now becoming manageable with novel configurations of new brushing machines, which allow for the conventional brushing action and added device action. In this study, the in vitro stain removal efficiency of two marketed powered toothbrushes (Crest SpinBrush and Dr. Best Battery), a new prototype (Crest SpinBrush Pro) and two manual toothbrushes (Oral-B Indicator Soft and Oral-B CrossAction) was evaluated using a different brushing technique as a modification of the laboratory testing method developed by Stookey and associates at Indiana University Oral Health Research Institute. This was a randomized, parallel-group design study that examined stain removal with a novel toothbrushing configuration adapted for powered and manual toothbrushes. Stain was scored before and after brushing for two consecutive one-minute periods using digital image analysis. The mean change in L* was statistically compared among toothbrushes with analysis of covariance. The mean baseline stain scores ranged from 36.3-40.2 for the five toothbrush treatment groups. There was statistically significant evidence of imbalance with respect to baseline mean L* (p = 0.006), ranging from 36.3 for the CrossAction brush to 40.2 for the Crest SpinBrush Pro. Baseline stain imbalance was addressed with the ANCOVA statistical model which adjusts for baseline L*, effectively comparing all treatments at the same baseline stain level. Baseline L* was not statistically significant (p > 0.1) in the ANCOVA model at one or two minutes. With respect to all surfaces examined, the new prototype powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro) delivered an adjusted (via analysis of covariance) mean L* reduction of 14.4 and 22.0 at the end of the first and second brushing periods, respectively, while the four remaining toothbrushes delivered adjusted mean L* reductions ranging from 5.6-8.6 and 9.4-13.3 at the end of the first and second brushing periods, respectively. These results represent 67-157% for the first brushing period, and 65-134% for the second brushing period greater stain removal for the new prototype powered toothbrush. Overall, the new prototype powered toothbrush had statistically significantly greater stain removal (p < 0.001) than all other toothbrushes tested. The results, using this powered toothbrush-compatible brushing machine configuration, show that the new prototype powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro) produced statistically significantly enhanced stain removal efficiency relative to the four other toothbrushes, including Crest SpinBrush and Dr. Best powered toothbrushes. The newly configured brushing machine delivered a robust method for separating statistically significant in vitro differences for the complex cleaning action of powered toothbrushes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

The effectiveness of two different battery-powered toothbrushes on whitening through removal of stain.

Whitening dentifrices have recently become popular, achieving a whitening benefit by surface chemical action and/or abrasion that serve to remove extrinsic stains and/or prevent extrinsic stain buildup. Some powered toothbrushes have also been demonstrated to have whitening/stain-removal efficacy when used with standard dentifrice products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental prototype powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro) and a commercially available powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush) on dental whitening through the removal of extrinsic stain. This study was a randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, parallel-group design, which examined extrinsic stain removal over four weeks of brushing by 70 subjects. Following a three-week period of stain induction using rinses of chlorhexidine and tea, subjects were randomized to use one of the two toothbrushes. Tooth stain was scored using the Lobene stain index at baseline, and after two and four weeks of toothbrush use. Prior to statistical analysis, the stain scores were averaged on a per-subject basis. The stain reductions (baseline minus post-treatment) in average scores were calculated and analyzed using an analysis of covariance, with baseline average score as the covariate. The experimental prototype powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro) delivered statistically significant (p < 0.001) adjusted (via analysis of covariance) mean reductions from baseline in Lobene composite stain scores of 1.90 and 2.11 after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of use, respectively. These results represent 56-62% reductions in extrinsic stain compared to baseline. The commercially available powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush) also delivered statistically significant (p < 0.001) adjusted (via analysis of covariance) mean reductions from baseline in Lobene composite stain scores, with magnitudes of 1.95 and 2.22 after two and four weeks of use, respectively. These results represent 60-68% reductions in extrinsic stain compared to baseline. In conclusion, both the experimental prototype powered toothbrush and the commercially available powered toothbrush were effective in removing extrinsic tooth stain.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of two dentifrices with respect to efficacy for the control of plaque and gingivitis, and with respect to extrinsic tooth staining: a six-month clinical study on adults.

The objective of this six-month, double-blind clinical study, conducted in harmony with American Dental Association guidelines, was to provide a comparison between Colgate Total Toothpaste and Crest Gum Care Toothpaste with respect to their levels of efficacy for the control of supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis, and with respect to the levels of tooth staining associated with their use. Adult male and female subjects from the Edinburgh, Scotland area were entered into the study and stratified into two treatment groups which were balanced for age, sex, baseline Quigley-Hein Plaque Index scores and baseline Löe-Silness Gingival Index scores. Subjects received an oral prophylaxis, and were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice, using a soft-bristled toothbrush. Examinations for plaque, gingivitis and extrinsic tooth staining were conducted after three months' and again after six months' use of the study dentifrices. One-hundred and nine (109) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire six-month clinical study. At both the three- and six-month study examinations, the Colgate Total Toothpaste group exhibited statistically significantly less plaque, gingivitis and extrinsic tooth staining compared to the Crest Gum Care Toothpaste group. At the six-month examination, the magnitude of these differences exceeded 18% for all six parameters measured (18.7% for Plaque Index, 60.5% for Plaque Severity Index, 22.2% for Gingival Index, 85.1% for Gingivitis Severity Index, 45.3% for stain intensity, and 46.3% for stain area). Thus, the results of this six-month clinical study support the conclusion that Colgate Total Toothpaste provides a statistically significant, substantive advantage in efficacy for the control of plaque and gingivitis over Crest Gum Care Toothpaste, while, at the same time, providing better control against the development of extrinsic tooth staining.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The efficacy on natural extrinsic stain of Colgate whitening dentifrice--eight-week study].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect on natural extrinsic dental stain by use of a dentifrice containing 1% tetrasodium polyphosphate (TSPP), 7% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), 0.243% sodium fluoride and 10% high cleaning silica (HCS) over an eight-week period was compared to a sodium fluoride/silica placebo dentifrice without stain removal ingredients. METHODS: Ninety one subjects were selected and stratified into two balanced groups randomly assigned to use the test dentifrice or the placebo dentifrice. The two groups were well balanced with regard to their mean baseline stain index scores, gender and tobacco habits. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice and a commercially available soft bristled toothbrush. Extrinsic dental stain examinations, which included mean stain area and mean stain intensity, were conducted at baseline, four and eight weeks. The same dental examiner conducted examinations on the subjects at each examination. RESULTS: After eight-week use of their assigned products, those subjects in the TSPP/STPP/HCS dentifrice group demonstrated a statistically significant (P = 0.0001) stain reduction of 37.1%, as compared to the fluoride placebo dentifrice group without stain removal ingredients. CONCLUSION: The use of a dentifrice containing 1% tetrasodium polyphosphate, 7% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.243% sodium fluoride and 10% high cleaning silica is effective in reducing natural extrinsic dental stain, when compared to a placebo fluoride dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effectiveness of Sonicare power toothbrush to remove chlorhexidine stains.

PURPOSE: To describe the effect of Sonicare power toothbrush on removing chlorhexidine stains from human teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cases with chlorhexidine staining were treated with Sonicare power toothbrush for a 4-week period. Clinical evaluations occurred at baseline, 2 weeks from baseline and 4 weeks from baseline. Stain level was assessed with the Lobene Tooth Stain Index. The labial surface of each stained incisor or canine was divided into two regions: margin and body. RESULTS: Sonicare reduced the average area of stain score by 58.5-63.3% after 2 weeks and 68.3-76.7% after 4 weeks. The average intensity of stain scores was reduced by 50.0-56.5% and 58.9-69.6% after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.

Adult↗