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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

An evaluation of asthma morbidity in Singaporean schoolchildren--a teachers' survey.

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in childhood. This study evaluated the asthma morbidity among Singaporean schoolchildren. The survey involved 1,744 schoolteachers using a structured written questionnaire. 73.4% of class teachers reported at least 1 asthmatic student in their class. 37.1% of teachers had students absent from school for up to 3 days per month and 5.1% missed school for 4 to 14 days in a month. 87.4% of the physical education (PE) teachers reported at least 1 asthmatic student in their class. 65.2% reported an average of 1-3 students sitting out at each PE lesson and 15.1% reported students who were exempted from PE for more than 3 months in a year due to asthma. The morbidity of asthma in Singaporean schoolchildren in terms of school absenteeism and exemption from PE classes is substantial. The data supports a need to improve asthma control amongst our schoolchildren.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Stated preference methods in health care evaluation: an emerging methodological paradigm in health economics.

One focus of health economics is the trade-off between limited resources and the (health) needs of a community. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), while being one of the most accepted evaluation methodologies in health economics, does not account for many important costs and benefits of health care interventions. Some health economists have attempted to modify CEA to account for these deficiencies, while others have been working on alternative methodologies. One group of alternative methodologies can be described as stated preference techniques. These aim to measure both health and non-health outcomes (ie costs and benefits), and include qualitative analysis, conjoint analysis (often referred to as discrete choice analysis/modelling) and willingness to pay (or contingent valuation). This paper provides an overview of stated preference techniques in health economics, with particular focus on their strengths as compared with traditional evaluation methods in health care. The limitations and policy implications of these methods are also discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

[Poisoning in first year of age. A multicentre study].

AIM: The aim of this study is to describe clinical and epidemiological features of toxic exposures in children under 1 year. METHODS: During 2001 a prospective study on poisoning was carried out in the Pediatric Emergency Departments (ED) of 14 hospitals. Information stored concerned epidemiological and clinical features, evaluation of accidental or deliberate manner of exposure as well as of clinical consequences. Data were compared with those registered in 1-4 year-old patients. RESULTS: During 2001 out of 1,026 children registered, 111 (10.8%) were under 1 year. Exposure occurred exclusively at home and by accident. As compared to 1-4 year-old patients, children exposures were more frequently due to parental errors (38.7% of cases vs 7.3%), and involved plant poisons (22.5% vs 7.3%). In 1/3 of these cases the cause was due to non-toxic exposures, in another 1/3 an early treatment avoided clinical consequences. In the other cases, symptoms were of low to moderate severity, only in 1 case they were serious. No deaths occurred. One out of every 3 children was admitted, the others were sent home directly from ED (23.4%) or after a short observation period (44.1%). CONCLUSION: The increase in poisoning in children under 1 year, as compared to previous multicentre studies, is deserving of concern. In spite of the relatively low severity they are completely preventable. The study shows that information on poisons prevention for parents needs to be improved to prevent exposure of children under 1 year to toxic substances at home.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2004

Massachusetts residents rank third nationally in health and social standings.

Residents of Massachusetts are positioned at almost the highest/most favorable end of all state rankings based on an overall listing of health, social conditions, and services. However, while these statistics are encouraging, they are not uniform throughout all population groups in the state. The challenge is to move beyond complacency with current standings to reach those in need.

Boston↗
PubMed2005

[Emergency room deaths: 3-month retrospective analysis].

OBJECTIVES: Determine the characteristics of patients who died in the emergency unit and assess the number for whom care was limited or withdrawn. METHODS: A 3-month single-center retrospective study of all the patients who died in the emergency room. Bivariate analysis was used to compare the clinical characteristics of patients who died despite maximum care (MC) with those for whom care was limited (LC). RESULTS: 84 patients died during the study period: 48 men and 36 women (mean age: 73 +/- 18 years). Half had normal mobility (43 patients, 50%), and 35 (40%) lived at home. Nearly all (72 patients, 72%) had a severe chronic disease. In descending order, death was ascribed to neurological (n = 22, 24%), cardiac (n = 14, 15%), septic (n = 13, 14%) and respiratory (n = 9, 10%) causes. The decision was made to limit or stop active care for 73 patients (84%) and recorded in 48 case files (55%). The principal differences between patients receiving MC and LC were respectively C and D Knaus classification and their age. CONCLUSION: Death is frequent in emergency units and often strikes elderly patients with impaired mobility and severe chronic diseases. The decisions to limit or stop active care are the predominant direct cause, but their modalities warrant further exploration in a prospective study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

How many antibiotic prescriptions are unsubsidised in New Zealand?

AIMS: To determine the proportion of prescriptions for antibiotics which were unsubsidised, in one town in one year, and to use this to develop a model which could be used to estimate the number of unsubsidised prescriptions. METHODS: Data on all prescriptions for antibiotics during 2002 were extracted from pharmacy computers in one town. Data were obtained from PharmHouse database on all subsidised prescriptions from the town pharmacies during 2002. (The PharmHouse database is a subset of the New Zealand Health Information System database and contains records of all the claims for medicines dispensed within New Zealand.) These were compared and the proportion of unsubsidised prescriptions for each antibiotic calculated. Weighted linear regression was used to develop a model of the relationship between the percentage of each drug subsidised, and patient and prescription characteristics obtainable in PharmHouse. RESULTS: 64.4% of antibiotic dispensings in the study town were subsidised, and therefore captured by the PharmHouse database. The proportion varied substantially between different antibiotics. For particular drugs, the proportion of drugs unsubsidised could be predicted by the price of the drug, the number of days it was prescribed for, and the number of patients aged under six who received subsidised prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies using PharmHouse data are likely to have significantly underestimated the extent of drug use. Further research is needed on whether this model can help to estimate the extent of unsubsidised prescriptions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗