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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Extraction of psychotropic drugs from human scalp hair.

A comparison of techniques for the extraction of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in human scalp hair is described. Human scalp hair was obtained from cadavers known to be taking psychotropic drugs prior to their death. Following a washing step, hair was either solubilized in sodium hydroxide, or treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, methanol or subtilisin. Digests were treated with a solvent and the extracted drugs quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The alkaline digestion procedure was found to be significantly more effective (P < 0.01) in recovering a range of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs from hair than either the acidic, methanolic or enzymatic treatments.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electroencephalographic scalp-energy analysis as a tool for investigation of cognitive performance.

In a new method of using electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor cognitive events, multichannel event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to estimate scalp distributions of surface energy densities of cortically generated electrical fields. Cross-subject regression analyses were then used to map sites and post-stimulus latencies, for which there is a high correlation of energy densities with subjects' performances. In a preliminary study, five right-handed young men were presented mental arithmetic tasks via a computer screen. A 21-channel ERP was computed for each subject and converted to show the scalp distribution of energy density at each sampling period (every 7.8 msec). Indices of subjects' task performances were regressed upon these estimates of potential energy at each electrode site and post-stimulus latency. High correlations were found at four distinct regions and latencies. These corresponded to the stages and sites of cortical localization for mental arithmetic inferred from studies of patients with localized cortical lesions. This correspondence suggests that the EEG procedure may offer an inexpensive, noninvasive method of investigating cortical localization of cognitive function in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tinea caput medusa: an unusual presentation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes on the scalp.

Tinea capitis has a wide variety of clinical presentations in adolescents and adults. However, the occurrence of fingerlike projections in the scalp has not been previously described. A 14-year-old girl presented with a one-year history of a painful scalp mass. Debridement of this mass revealed slender papillomatous growths resembling those seen in elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. A fungal culture grew Trichophyton mentagrophytes. We describe the first case of this unusual clinical variant of tinea capitis and hypothesize on its pathophysiological basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Successful treatment with topical PUVA of nodular cutaneous plasmacytosis associated with alopecia of the scalp.

We obtained a successful response to PUVA therapy in a 51-year-old Japanese man who had multiple nodules of the trunk, extremities and scalp along with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia; the scalp lesions were associated with extensive alopecia. Examination of skin biopsies showed a dense infiltrate of mature plasma cells in the dermis and hair follicles; no systemic disease or functional involvement of other organs was detected. The clinical and histological findings were compatible with cutaneous plasmacytosis and treatment with topical PUVA gradually reduced the size and number of the lesions.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1976

Fetal paroxysaml supraventricular tachycardia recorded by intrauterine scalp electrocardiography.

Fetal and neonatal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PST) requires attention because it may be associated with cardiac pathology and neonatal demise. Continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate and the ability to record clearly interpretable electrocardiograms from fetal scalp electrodes makes discovery and diagnoses of these fetal arrhythmias relatively simple. This report describes the discovery of this arrhythmia during routine DOPPLER ultrasound fetal monitoring and its documentation as PST by fetal scalp electrocardiography. (Fig. 1) The fetal heart rate during PST was 300 BPM, higher than previously reported. In contrast to previous reports, it did not appear post-natally and no pathology was found. Although the significance of transient fetal PST is not known, prudence indicates close observation of the neonate. This case demonstrates the value of fetal monitoring for the discovery, diagnosis and documentation of fetal arrhythmias during labor.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1998

Individual differences in P3 scalp distribution in older adults, and their relationship to frontal lobe function.

There is evidence that frontal lobe function may diminish in normal aging. The P3 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) elicited by target events in an oddball paradigm becomes more frontally oriented in elderly subjects. It was hypothesized that the extent to which the P3 distribution is frontally oriented in old subjects may index less efficient frontal lobe function. In this study, bootstrapping methods were used to establish the reliability of the locations of maxima of surface brain activity obtained with ERP recordings from young and old subjects. The results indicated that brain activity maxima are reliable for a given individual. However, among the elderly only, there were also clear individual differences in the distribution of the P3 component elicited by target stimuli in an oddball paradigm. On the basis of these differences, the old subjects were divided into two groups. In line with predictions, those elderly subjects who showed frontal-maximal P3 scalp distributions had lower performance on standardized neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe function than those elderly subjects who showed posterior-maximal scalp topographies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Closure of a scalp defect.

In repairing cutaneous defects, the facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon is faced with many specialized areas of tissue. Reconstruction of thin eyelid skin and thick, sebaceous nasal skin requires different methods. The unique characteristics of the scalp make it one of the greatest repair challenges in the head and neck region, sometimes requiring multiple different reconstructive techniques for the same defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mycetoma of the scalp: report of a case.

Mycetoma of the scalp in a 10-year-old boy is reported. This is the first report of this infection in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The causative agent, Actinomadura madurae, has already been described in the Kingdom and shown by other workers to affect other parts of the body. The probable pathogenesis is discussed and the need to increase clinical awareness of the condition stressed.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Cutis verticis gyrata of the scalp in a patient with autosomal dominant insulin resistance syndrome.

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a rare disorder; it is characterized by thickening of the scalp which becomes raised to form ridges and furrows resembling the cerebral gyri. We report a case of CVG associated with the autosomal dominant insulin resistance syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by obesity, mild mental retardation, delayed puberty, acanthosis nigricans and hyperinsulinaemia. The association of CVG and autosomal dominant insulin resistance has not been previously described.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A late, fatal complication of a high energy thermal injury to the scalp.

Marjolin's ulcer is an uncommon condition in which malignant transformation occurs in a chronic inflammatory focus. It was originally described in association with a thermal injury, however, its occurrence with protean chronic inflammatory foci has been described. We report the occurrence of and aggressive squamous carcinoma 3 decades after a high voltage electric mark injury to the scalp. This is the first such case described in the literature. The case supportively highlights the role of chronic inflammation and sepsis in epidermal scar cancer development, and it underlines the importance of appropriate wound management initially and expeditious treatment of sepsis and resistant skin ulceration because the malignant behavior of these tumors is aggressive and unpredictable.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1981

Surgical treatment of fiber-implanted scalps.

The treatment of synthetic fiber-implanted scalp has not been standardized. Eleven cases are reviewed to present our experience in the treatment of this problem. Technical consideration and recent findings are discussed.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2005

Atypical fibroxanthoma on a bald scalp.

We present the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of an atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) on the bald scalp of an 81-year-old French man who had worked at a private high school in Japan as a janitor for over 40 years. The patient had a history of basal cell carcinoma on the nape, and chronic solar radiation seemed to be a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of this association. This case showed the typical clinical and histopathological characteristics of AFX, and the immunohistochemical results suggested differentiation of histiocytes and myofibroblasts. The AFX was completely resected, and the patient has not had tumor recurrence or metastasis for over four postoperative years. This case therefore provides further support to the theory that AFX displays a clinically benign course, even though it is essentially a malignant tumor histologically located in the dermis. Therefore, we must excise AFX completely with great care and perform regular physical examinations for several years after operation.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed1986

Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum orbiculare: treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp with miconazole-hydrocortisone (Daktacort), miconazole and hydrocortisone.

Seventy patients (36 males and 34 females) with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp were treated in a double-blind controlled study, for a maximum of 6 weeks, with 2% miconazole base and 1% hydrocortisone (Daktacort), 2% miconazole base, or 1% hydrocortisone. Patients who were cured were treated with the same formulation prophylactically twice monthly for 3 months or until recurrence. Nineteen of 21 patients were cured in the Daktacort group, 15 of 22 in the miconazole group and 17 of 24 in the hydrocortisone group. The number of cultured Pityrosporum orbiculare was significantly lower in all groups after treatment, but in the hydrocortisone group was still significantly higher than in the two other groups. After 3 months of prophylactic treatment, both Daktacort (16 of 19 patients clear) and miconazole (10 of 15 patients clear) were significantly better than hydrocortisone (3 of 17 patients clear) (P less than 0.01). The numbers of P. orbiculare remained low in the Daktacort and miconazole groups and also significantly lower than in the hydrocortisone-treated group (P less than 0.01). In patients with recurrence, the numbers returned to pre-treatment levels. This study demonstrates the aetiological significance of the Pityrosporum yeasts in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Both Daktacort and miconazole were effective in treatment and as prophylactic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dissecting folliculitis of the scalp. A case report of combined treatment using tissue expansion, radical excision, and isotretinoin.

Dissecting folliculitis of the scalp can develop into an extensive, hypertrophic scarred lesion that is unresponsive to routine treatment. In these situations, radical excision of the affected area and concurrent perioperative treatment with isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) may be effective. The authors describe a case, illustrating the successful clinical application of this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Subcutaneous palisading granuloma of the scalp in childhood.

Subcutaneous palisading granulomas, lesions characterized by collagen necrosis and chronic inflammatory changes, may present as ill-defined, immobile, nontender masses of the scalp. They are frequently multiple and may vary in size over time. Imaging studies rarely show involvement of the calvarium. The histological pattern of palisading histiocytes around necrobiotic granulomas is seen in association with a variety of systemic illnesses but more commonly occurs as an isolated entity in childhood. They are unlikely to herald rheumatological disease unless the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is elevated. In the presence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, histological confirmation is usually not indicated. If the lesions are not associated with any other clinical symptoms excisional biopsy may be indicated to establish a diagnosis. The nodules need not be removed as they will spontaneously regress.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Larva migrans within scalp sebaceous gland.

A case of larva migrans or serpiginous linear dermatitis on the scalp of a teenager is reported. An ancylostomid larva was found within a sebaceous gland acinus. The unusual skin site for larva migrans as well as the penetration through the sebaceous gland are highlighted. The probable mechanism by which the parasite reached the skin adnexa is discussed.

Ancylostoma↗
PubMed2000

[Large crusted ulceration of the scalp: first manifestation of cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient].

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is an infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It primarily occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Crytptococcosis is usually a systemic disease and may be serious if the lungs or the central nervous system are involved. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis without systemic involvement occurring as the first manifestation of AIDS. The skin lesion in our patient consisted of a large crusted ulceration on the scalp. Fluconazole was successful. DISCUSSION: This case is a new observation of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient with AIDS. Clinical appearance may be misleading; skin lesions may be the primary sign in immunocompromised patients. Rapid treatment and secondary prophylaxis are required.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗