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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of the long-pulse dye (590-595 nm) and KTP (532 nm) lasers in the treatment of facial and leg telangiectasias.

BACKGROUND: Telangiectasias develop on the face secondary to genetic predisposition, chronic actinic damage, collagen vascular disease, topical steroid application, and disorders of vascular regulation including acne rosacea. Linear and "spider" telangiectasias develop on the legs, especially in women beginning in the second to third decade, secondary to multiple factors including genetic predisposition, gravity, pregnancy, and trauma. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the 590- and 595-nm long-pulse (1.5 msec) dye laser and KTP (532 nm) laser in the treatment of facial and leg telangiectasias. RESULTS: For both facial and lower extremity telangiectasias, the difference in improvement ratings between the two lasers following both one and two treatment sessions was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Both the flashlamp-pumped long-pulse dye laser and the KTP laser may play a role in the treatment of facial and leg telangiectasias. However, when used to treat vessels on the lower extremities, both of these laser systems are probably best used in conjunction with sclerotherapy of the larger "feeding" reticular veins. While long-pulse dye laser irradiation achieves superior vessel clearance, patients may prefer multiple treatments with the KTP laser due to its low side effect profile and decreased associated pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Does H. Pylori infection play a role in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and in other autoimmune diseases?

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune disease caused by sensitization of platelets by autoantibodies leading to platelet destruction, has been associated with some infectious agents, including Helicobacter pylori. The study by Suzuki et al., published in this issue, provides further evidence of the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of ITP, as confirmed by the increase in the platelet count in patients with ITP, following H. pylori eradication. Interestingly, H. pylori infection has also been shown to play a role in other diseases in which autoimmune mechanisms may be predominant, such as acne rosacea, idiopathic chronic urticaria, and atherosclerosis. While H. pylori eradication is usually recommended in patients with gastric diseases, there are no specific indications for extraalimentary diseases. In the light of the recent findings, a revision of the current guidelines for the management of H. pylori infection may be needed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

The effects of a triterpene fraction isolated from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on different acute inflammation models in rats and mice. Leucocyte migration and phospholipase A2 inhibition.

The plant Crataegus monogyna has action against cardiac insufficiency, angina and arrhythmia. The anti-inflammatory properties of the cycloartenol fraction from this plant have been investigated. Chromatographic fractionation of the hexane extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) furnished a triterpene fraction containing cycloartenol as the main component (80.87%). The anti-inflammatory activity of the fraction was tested against hind-paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats. At the highest oral dose (40 mg kg-1) inhibition was 61.5 and 52.5% at 3 and 5 h respectively. In the mouse carrageenan peritonitis test, the triterpene fraction given orally inhibited peritoneal leucocyte infiltration (41.9, 64.7 and 89.4% at 10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1, respectively). The fraction also showed weak inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in-vitro. These results suggest that the fraction containing cycloartenol as the main component exerts an important anti-inflammatory action in-vivo by reducing the oedema.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Diversity of frankia strains in root nodules of plants from the families elaeagnaceae and rhamnaceae

Partial 16S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) were PCR amplified and sequenced from Frankia strains living in root nodules of plants belonging to the families Elaeagnaceae and Rhamnaceae, including Colletia hystrix, Elaeagnus angustifolia, an unidentified Elaeagnus sp., Talguenea quinquenervia, and Trevoa trinervis. Nearly full-length 16S rDNAs were sequenced from strains of Frankia living in nodules of Ceanothus americanus, C. hystrix, Coriaria arborea, and Trevoa trinervis. Partial sequences also were obtained from Frankia strains isolated and cultured from the nodules of C. hystrix, Discaria serratifolia, D. trinervis, Retanilla ephedra, T. quinquenervia, and T. trinervis (Rhamnaceae). Comparison of these sequences and other published sequences of Frankia 16S rDNA reveals that the microsymbionts and isolated strains from the two plant families form a distinct phylogenetic clade, except for those from C. americanus. All sequences in the clade have a common 2-base deletion compared with other Frankia strains. Sequences from C. americanus nodules lack the deletion and cluster with Frankia strains infecting plants of the family Rosaceae. Published plant phylogenies (based on chloroplast rbcL sequences) group the members of the families Elaeagnaceae and Rhamnaceae together in the same clade. Thus, with the exception of C. americanus, actinorhizal plants of these families and their Frankia microsymbionts share a common symbiotic origin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Diversity and distribution of Frankia strains symbiotic with Ceanothus in California.

Frankia strains symbiotic with Ceanothus present an interesting opportunity to study the patterns and causes of Frankia diversity and distribution within a particular host infectivity group. We intensively sampled Frankia from nodules on Ceanothus plants along an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, and we also collected nodules from a wider host taxonomic and geographic range throughout California. The two sampling scales comprised 36 samples from eight species of Ceanothus representing six of the seven major biogeographic regions in and around California. The primary objective of this study was to use a quantitative model to test the relative importance of geographic separation, host specificity, and environment in influencing the identity of Ceanothus Frankia symbionts as determined by ribosomal DNA sequence data. At both sampling scales, Frankia strains symbiotic with Ceanothus exhibited a high degree of genetic similarity. Frankia strains symbiotic with Chamaebatia (Rosaceae) were within the same clade as several Ceanothus symbionts. Results from a classification and regression tree model used to quantitatively explain Frankia phylogenetic groupings demonstrated that the only significant variable in distinguishing between phylogenetic groups at the more local sampling scale was host species. At the regional scale, Frankia phylogenetic groupings were explained by host species and the biogeographic province of sample collection. We did not find any significant correspondence between Frankia and Ceanothus phylogenies indicative of coevolution, but we concluded that the identity of Frankia strains inhabiting Ceanothus nodules may involve interactions between host species specificity and geographic isolation.

California↗
PubMed2005

Autoinduction in Erwinia amylovora: evidence of an acyl-homoserine lactone signal in the fire blight pathogen.

Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apple, pear, and other members of the Rosaceae. Here we present the first evidence for autoinduction in E. amylovora and a role for an N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-type signal. Two major plant virulence traits, production of extracellular polysaccharides (amylovoran and levan) and tolerance to free oxygen radicals, were controlled in a bacterial-cell-density-dependent manner. Two standard autoinducer biosensors, Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 and Vibrio harveyi BB886, detected AHL in stationary-phase cultures of E. amylovora. A putative AHL synthase gene, eamI, was partially sequenced, which revealed homology with autoinducer genes from other bacterial pathogens (e.g., carI, esaI, expI, hsII, yenI, and luxI). E. amylovora was also found to carry eamR, a convergently transcribed gene with homology to luxR AHL activator genes in pathogens such as Erwinia carotovora. Heterologous expression of the Bacillus sp. strain A24 acyl-homoserine lactonase gene aiiA in E. amylovora abolished induction of AHL biosensors, impaired extracellular polysaccharide production and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide, and reduced virulence on apple leaves.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Tenascin-C expression in normal, inflamed, and scarred human corneas.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: In adult tissues the expression of tenascin-cytotactin (TN-C), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is limited to tumours and regions of continuous renewal. It is also transiently expressed in cutaneous and corneal wound healing. There are limited data regarding its expression in inflammation and scarring of the adult human cornea. In this study, TN-C expression patterns in normal, inflamed, and scarred human corneas have been examined. METHODS: Penetrating keratoplasty specimens were selected from cases of herpes simplex keratitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, rheumatoid arthritis ulceration, bacterial keratitis, rosacea keratitis, interstitial keratitis, and previous surgery so as to encompass varying degrees of active and chronic inflammation and scarring. TN-C in these and in normal corneas was immunodetected using TN2, a monoclonal antibody to human TN-C. RESULTS: There was no TN2 immunopositivity in normal corneas except at the corneoscleral interface. In pathological corneas, TN2 immunopositivity was localised in and around regions of active inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularisation. TN2 positivity was less in acute inflammation than in active chronic inflammation. Mature, avascular scar tissue and epithelial downgrowth were TN2 negative. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that in the adult human cornea, TN-C expression is induced in regions of inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularisation, but that expression is absent in mature, avascular scar tissue. This suggests a role for this glycoprotein in inflammation, healing, and extracellular matrix reorganisation of the cornea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Allo-limbal transplantation in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency.

AIM: To report the outcome of a series of patients with stem cell deficiency who underwent allo-limbal transplantation and to describe a technique for this procedure. METHODS: Six consecutive patients underwent allo-limbal stem cell transplantation. The primary diagnosis included alkali burn (n = 2), trachoma (n = 1), chronic rosacea blepharitis and kerato-conjunctivitis (n = 1), aniridia (n = 1), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n = 1). The limbal rim consisted of peripheral cornea and perilimbal sclera. FK-506 was used postoperatively for immunosuppression. RESULTS: The length of follow up ranged from 3 to 24 months (mean follow up 11.8 (SD 9.3) months). The outcome was considered satisfactory in five of six cases. The corneal surface was completely epithelialised within 2 weeks, and there was a substantial improvement in vision and symptoms. One patient had recurrent epithelial defects related to eyelid abnormalities. No side effects associated with systemic immunosuppression were noted. CONCLUSION: Allo-limbal transplantation, with systemic immunosuppression with FK-506 is useful in reconstruction of the ocular surface with improvement in vision in patients with severe stem cell deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

Tinea incognito.

Fourteen cases are described in which the local application of corticosteroid preparations to ringworm infections of the skin have resulted in unusual clinical pictures. A kerion-like lesion due to Trichophyton rubrum, intertriginous infections simulating candidiasis and due to Epidermophyton floccosum, and pictures resembling poikiloderma, papular rosacea, and indeterminate leprosy are among the changes that were seen in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Blackthorn injury: a report of three interesting cases.

Blackthorn (Prunus spinosus), a member of Rosacea family is well known for causing infections and tissue reactions of synovial structures. Three interesting cases of cystic blackthorn granuloma, blackthorn synovitis with digital nerve entrapment, and multiple blackthorn syndrome are presented. Removal of foreign body fragments and surrounding reactive tissues resulted in an uneventful recovery with full return of joint and tendon functions.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacotherapeutic effects of kuei-chih-fu-ling-wan (keishi-bukuryo-gan) on human uterine myomas.

Kuei-chih-fu-ling-wan (Keishi-bukuryo-gan; KBG), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy contains five components: bark of Cinnamomum cassia Bl. (Lauraceae), root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae), seed of Prunus persica Batsch. or P. persiba Batsch.var.davidiana Maxim. (Rosaceae), carpophores of Poria cocos Wolf. (Polyporaceae), and root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Paeoniaceae). This prescription has been frequently used in the treatment of gynecological disorders such as hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and sterility. We previously reported that KBG might act as a LH-RH antagonist and a weak anti-estrogen on the uterine DNA synthesis in immature rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of KBG on 110 premenopausal patients with uterine myomas. Clinical symptoms of hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea were improved in more than 90% of the cases with shrinking of uterine myomas in roughly 60% of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular aspects of self-incompatibility in flowering plants.

It is seven years since the first reports of cDNAs encoding pistil glycoproteins that segregated with particular S-alleles. During this time, the S-glycoproteins of the Solanaceae have been identified as RNases. This enzymatic activity relies on the presence of histidine residues at the putative active site of the RNase, and these are conserved in all S-glycoproteins so far characterized. The proteins also contain "hypervariable" regions that may have some role in allelic specificity. It is particularly interesting that putative S-glycoproteins from Japanese pear, which is from a different family, the Rosaceae, are also RNases. To counter the temptation to extrapolate to other families with gametophytic self-incompatibility, there is evidence that in another family, the Papaveraceae, poppy S-glycoproteins are not RNases. The current evidence is consistent with a process in which the S-RNase moves into the incompatible pollen tube and degrades RNA, including rRNA. As rRNA genes are not transcribed in pollen, the resulting degradation would lead to the death of the cell. But still we are left with some important gaps in our knowledge. How does the S-RNase move across the wall and membrane and into the pollen tube? How is the specificity of the interaction controlled? What is the mechanism of signal transduction? A major bottleneck in unraveling the story is understanding the nature of the S-locus product in pollen. Is it related to the stylar S-locus product or is it the product of a different gene in the same locus? Each question underlines the sketchiness of our knowledge of many plant processes that are not specific to pollination, but that we need to understand if we are to work out the details of self-incompatibility. For example, we have a very incomplete understanding of cell wall synthesis generally and pollen wall synthesis in particular. How do macronutrients move through cell walls to the cytoplasm of cells generally and pollen tubes in particular? What is the nature of the receptor-ligand interaction in plant cells generally and pollen tubes in particular? A similar range of questions and gaps in our knowledge exist in the sporophytic system, exemplified by studies in Brassica spp. In this case, we have no known enzymatic or other function for the stigmatic S-glycoproteins. We do, however, know that the S-locus in Brassica includes at least two genes, one encoding a S-glycoprotein and the other encoding a protein kinase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Genotype↗
PubMed1999

Inhibitory effects of retinoids on vascular endothelial growth factor production by cultured human skin keratinocytes.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor and vasodilator, is strongly expressed by epidermal keratinocytes in many angiogenesis-dependent skin disorders. Retinoids may modulate VEGF in skin and this may be related to an effect on rosacea. AIM: To investigate the effect of retinaldehyde on VEGF production by human keratinocytes. METHODS: The effects of different concentrations of retinoids (all-trans-retinal and all-trans-retinoic acid) on VEGF production by cultured human skin keratinocytes in both cell extracts and supernatants were determined. Expression of VEGF was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR. RESULTS: The amount of cell-associated and secreted VEGF strongly decreased with retinoid concentration (e.g. 48, 69% inhibition at 0.1 microM all-trans-retinal and -retinoic acid, respectively, in the supernatants). In parallel, approximately 25% inhibition of VEGF mRNA expression was obtained in the presence of 0.01 microM all-trans-retinal. CONCLUSION: The decrease in VEGF expression by keratinocytes on contact with retinoids may prevent skin neoangiogenesis in certain skin diseases.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinoids--which dermatological indications will benefit in the near future?

Retinoids are compounds with pleiotropic functions and a relatively selective targeting of certain skin structures. They are vitamins, because retinol (vitamin A) is not synthesized in the body and must be derived from diet, but also hormones with intracrine activity, because retinol is transformed into molecules that bind to nuclear receptors, exhibit their activity, and are subsequently inactivated. Retinoids exert their effects on target cells by binding and activating nuclear retinoid receptors. Retinoid receptors bind their ligands in form of dimers. Heterodimers can be formed between two different retinoid receptor molecules but also between retinoid X receptors and the vitamin D receptor as well as the triiodothyronin receptor. This fact indicates complex interactions between retinoids and further hormonal signal transduction molecules. Interaction of retinoid receptors with transcriptional factors activated by other signal transduction mechanisms, e.g. AP-1, may provide dissociation of the retinoid effects. Retinoids can exhibit agonistic activity but also be neutral antagonists and inverse agonists. Topical and oral retinol, tretinoin, isotretinoin, and bexarotene, topical alitretinoin, retinaldehyde, motretinide, adapalene, tazarotene, and systemin acitretin compose the list of launched retinoids. Psoriasis and related disorders, congenital disorders of keratinization, acne, photoaging and hypovitaminosis A are classical approved indications of retinoid treatment, whereas cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, acute promyelocytic leukemia and actinic lentigines were currently confirmed. In addition, retinoids have been successfully used in several other dermatoses, e.g. epithelial precanceroses and tumors, seborrhea, rosacea and acneiform dermatoses, lichen planus, eosinophilic folliculitis, condylomata accuminata, lichen sclerosus and atrophicus. Highly receptor selective molecules, retinoic acid receptor-beta-inducers, AP-1 complex antagonists, and inverse agonists will be probably lead the retinoid development in the near future. New, more effective and less toxic retinoids, alone or in combination with other drugs and new delivery systems may provide therapeutic solutions for benign and malignant proliferative skin diseases, such as psoriasis and non-melanoma tumors, cancer chemoprevention and differentiation therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Why do lipid transfer protein-hypersensitive patients tolerate bean (and other legumes)?

BACKGROUND: Patients allergic to nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP) frequently score positive on SPT with legumes but virtually never report adverse reactions eating these foods. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the IgE reactivity to legumes of LTP-allergic patients and aimed to establish whether legumes can be considered safe in LTP-allergic patients. METHODS: Skin reactivity as well as clinical allergy to bean and pea were evaluated in a large cohort of LTP-hypersensitive patients. Sera from 12 patients showing clinical allergy to a number of botanically unrelated plant-derived foods and high levels of IgE to peach LTP were employed in in vitro studies (ELISA, ELISA inhibition, SDS-PAGE/immunoblot) aiming to investigate IgE reactivity to bean. RESULTS: Preabsorption of patients' sera with boiled bean extract did not cause any loss of IgE reactivity to peach LTP (whereas boiled apple totally abolished it). Immunoblot analysis did not show any IgE reactivity to bean proteins at about 10 kDa, and the SDS profile of bean showed little or no staining at 10 kDa. CONCLUSION: Sera from LTP-allergic patients do not seem to show any IgE reactivity to 10-kDa proteins in bean. Whether this is caused by epitopic differences between Rosaceae and bean LTPs or by the fact that LTP is not expressed in bean remains to be established. This study explains why virtually all LTP-allergic patients tolerate legumes and suggests that these foods should be considered safe for patients sensitized to this protein.

Antigens, Plant↗
PubMedDate not supplied

FK506 (tacrolimus) inhibition of intracellular production and enhancement of interleukin 1alpha through glucocorticoid application to chemically treated human keratinocytes.

PURPOSE: Production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 1alpha, which is stored in keratinocytes (KCs) and is multifunctional, may be enhanced by glucocorticoids. A study was made to confirm whether immunosuppressants such as the macrocyclic lactone FK506 (tacrolimus) possibly serve to modulate glucocorticoid- stimulated IL-1alpha production from chemically treated KCs. METHODS: Using cultured human KCs, the effects of FK506 on the production of IL-1alpha treated with chemicals (trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, TNBS) plus hydrocortisone were analyzed by ELISA and mRNA expression of IL-1alpha using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Intracellular IL-1alpha in TNBS-treated human KCs was increased with a low concentration of 10(-10)M of hydrocortisone. Further FK506 application inhibited significantly this increased production. The mRNA expression of IL-1alpha at various concentrations of chemicals was not remarkably different. CONCLUSIONS: FK506may control the increase in IL-1alpha with glucocorticoid in KCs, suggesting FK506 to suppress harmful effects of glucocorticoids such as steroid rosacea.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2005

Plant food allergies: a suggested approach to allergen-resolved diagnosis in the clinical practice by identifying easily available sensitization markers.

BACKGROUND: Molecular biology techniques have led to the identification of a number of allergens in vegetable foods, but due to the lack of purified food proteins for routine diagnostic use, the detection of sensitizing allergens remains a nearly impossible task in most clinical settings. The allergen-resolved diagnosis of food allergy is essential because each plant-derived food may contain a number of different allergens showing different physical/chemical characteristics that strongly influence the clinical expression of allergy; moreover, many allergens may cross-react with homologue proteins present in botanically unrelated vegetable foods. OBJECTIVE: Through a review of the available literature, this study aimed to detect "markers" of sensitization to specific plant food allergens that are easily accessible in the clinical practice. RESULTS: There are several "markers" of sensitization to different allergenic proteins in vegetable foods that can be helpful in the clinical practice. Specific algorithms for patients allergic to Rosaceae and to tree nuts were built. CONCLUSION: Clinical allergologists lacking the assistance of an advanced molecular biology lab may take advantage of some specific clinical data as well as of some "markers" in the difficult task of correctly diagnosing patients with plant food allergy and to provide them the best preventive advice.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Rice: another potential cause of food allergy in patients sensitized to lipid transfer protein.

Recent studies show that the lipid transfer protein (LTP), the major Rosaceae allergen in patients not sensitized to birch pollen, is a largely cross-reacting allergen. Moreover, it is a potentially hazardous allergen due to its stability upon thermal treatment and pepsin digestion. The present study reports 3 cases of rice-induced anaphylaxis in LTP-allergic patients. In vitro inhibition studies, carried out using LTP purified from both rice and apple as well as whole peach extract, show that LTP was the relevant allergen in these patients and demonstrate the cross-reactivity between rice LTP and peach/apple LTP.

Adult↗