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PubMed2005

[Epidemiological aspects of traumas with intraocular foreign bodies].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiological aspects, diagnosis, therapeutical procedures, and factors of poor prognosis in patients with intraocular foreign bodies. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study carried out at The Hospital Comarcal del Bierzo (Leon), between June 1996 and May 2001, with an average follow-up period of 2 years. It comprises 86 patients affected by serious ocular traumatism who required hospitalization and surgery, 25 of whom had an intraocular foreign body (30%). RESULTS: The average age was 46, and 88% were males. Accidents at work account for 72% of cases, domestic accidents for 24%, and leisure activities for 4%. The nature of the material causing the accident was metallic in 80% of cases, and non-metallic materials in 20%. In 60% of patients, the final visual acuity was less than 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Labour accidents cause ocular traumas with foreign body entrance. In most cases foreign bodies have a metallic composition. Diagnosis was made through direct exploration, roentgenography, CT scan and ultrasonography. We proceeded to carry out urgent admission, antitetanus and antibiotic prophylaxis as well as reconstruction of ocular globe. Main bad-prognosis factors were a diminished previous visual acuity, the presence of afferent pupillary defect, organic composition of foreign body and the occurrence of late complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A case of cystitis glandularis. Its relationship to bladder carcinoma].

A 41-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for frequent urination and severe retardation before voiding. Roentgenography revealed exophytic lesions which were located mainly in the trigone of the bladder, and he underwent transurethral resection. The pathological diagnosis was cystitis glandularis. There was no literature which reported cystitis glandularis causing urinary disturbance. This case, moreover, had been diagnosed as cystitis glandularis 13 years before by endoscopical biopsy. The origin of cystitis glandularis and its potentiality as a pre-malignant lesion were discussed from the clinical course for over 10 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Examination of incident angle for photography of axial projection of zygomatic arch].

In axial zygomatic arch roentgenography, the radiographic angle is determined by taking account of the light field-projected image. However, this method is technically difficult and has poor reproducibility because the body target surface is uncertain at the time of positioning. Therefore, we obtained 3D-CT images from CT examinations of the facial or paranasal sinus, and we assessed the X-ray beam angle where the zygomatic arch is most clearly delineated in terms of sex and age by taking the acanthion-meatal line (France horizon) as the reference. The zygomatic arch was most clearly seen when the X-ray beam angle was perpendicular to the acanthion-meatal line. Excellent images were obtained, and reproducibility of the images was improved using the radiographic technique based on this result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

New directions in cardiac imaging.

Cardiac imaging is among the most commonly used diagnostic techniques in cardiovascular medicine. Conventional imaging modes (chest roentgenography, echocardiography, radionuclide imaging, and angiography) allow delineation of cardiac morphology, coronary anatomy, ventricular and valvular function, and cardiac shunts, and permit qualitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion. Four new imaging procedures (digital subtraction angiography, rapid acquisition x-ray computed tomography, emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) promise to expand diagnostic capabilities by permitting quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion, evaluation of myocardial metabolism, and characterization of cardiac tissue composition. These techniques differ widely in cost, availability, and in the additional information they offer. Optimal use will be achieved only through carefully controlled comparative clinical trials directed at specific diagnostic questions.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

Screening for lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the commonest cause of death from cancer in both men and women, with approximately 152,000 new cases and 139,000 deaths in 1988. The incidence and mortality rates are increasing rapidly in women. Two main tests have been used to screen for lung cancer: chest roentgenography and sputum cytology. Four recent controlled trials and one case-control study failed, however, to show that screening reduces lung cancer mortality even in high-risk persons (smokers). In the Mayo Lung Project, for example, the lung cancer death rate in high-risk men offered sputum cytology and chest roentgenogram every 4 months was 3.1 per 1000 person-years, compared with 3.0 per 1000 person-years in a control group. Chest roentgenograms and sputum cytology lead to false-positive test results in smokers of approximately 5% and 0.5%, respectively. Because of the lack of evidence of benefit and because of its potential harms and costs, screening for lung cancer is not recommended.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1987

[A human case of pulmonary dirofilariasis suspected to be lung cancer].

A 50-year-old man in Kitakyushu City visited a hospital for evaluation of an opacity in a routine chest X-ray film. After examinations by bronchoscopy and chest roentgenography, a clear coin lesion was found in the middle lobe of the right lung and was suspected to be a lung cancer. A right thoracotomy was performed to remove it. The lesion (10.6 X 9.8 mm) was a well-defined ellipsoid granuloma due to a foreign body with a central zone of necrosis surrounded entirely by a fibrous wall. In a cross section of the dissected granuloma two degenerated worm-like structures were revealed. The sections of the worm (216-240 X 296 mu m at the greatest diameter) had at least a 3-layered cuticle and prominent internal longitudinal cuticular ridges but no external cuticular ridges. The lateral chords were as high as the muscle layer which consisted of abundant somatic muscle (more than 30 muscle cells/quadrant). Judging from these morphological characteristics, the pulmonary granulomatosis was diagnosed to be due to an immature dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis. This identification was further supported by results from immunological methods. The present case is the 56th human case of dirofilariasis (the 39th as a pulmonary case only) in Japan.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1976

Electrocoagulation biopsy of aberrant pancreas of the stomach. A case of aberrant gastric pancreas.

Histopathological diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the stomach has been difficult by conventional examination, e.g. roentgenography, gastroscopy and/or routine biopsy procedure. When endoscopic diagnosis of submucosal tumor is made, surgery is generally performed for tissue biopsy. We have been attempting to avoid such exploratory laparotomy to determine the histologic nature of small asymptomatic submucosal tumors of the stomach by a technic of endoscopic biopsy followed by electrocoagulation. With such a procedure, we have been able to diagnose a case of aberrant pancreas of the stomach. Our experience suggests that this technic is a safe and useful diagnostic tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Characteristics of diagnosis and clinical course of rheumatic heart defects in middle- and old age].

In 56 patients aged over 60 years features peculiar to the diagnosis and the course of rheumatic heart diseases were studied. Clinical and laboratory findings, those of roentgenoscopy and roentgenography of the heart, as well as of electro- and phonocardiography were used. In 35 lethal cases clinico-anatomic comparisons and histological investigation were made for elucidating the activity of the rheumatic process. In persons aged over 60 the relapses of rheumatism have been found to be of rare occurrence and rheumatic affections run a course without any marked hypertension in the lesser circulation and become complicated by cardiac insufficiency no sooner than many years after establishiment fo the diagnosis. In individuals older than 60 an active rheumatic process according to histological investigations and the authors occurs in 14.3 per cent of the cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Commutation systems of the roentgenodiagnostic apparatus operating with automatic exposure relays].

The automatic exposure relay (X-ray exposure meter) enables the exposure time in roentgenography of diverse human organs to be determined and fixed with a high degree of accuracy, but the subsequent protracted commutation of the main and control circuits of the roentgen-diagnostic apparatus tends to practically bring to naught this high precision. The paper deals with an analysis of commutation delays and lags in different control systems of the roentgen apparatus and with assessing the effect they have on the quality of the X-ray picture.

Methods↗
PubMed1976

[Tomography of the maxillary sinus].

The maxillary sinuses were studied roentgenographically and tomographically in 108 patients (with intact sinuses) and in 16 anatomical preparations of the cranium. It has been established that the main features of the laminar picture of the maxillary sinuses can be determined by two main properties of tomography as a method: the possibility to lead the portions of the sinus osseous walls of greater-length as compared with conventional roentgenography out to the edge-forming zone due to oblique course of the ray beam, and vise versa, disappearance of outlines of these walls in those sections where they are considerably inclined in relation to the roentgen film plane. A description of the laminar roentgen-anatomical picture of the maxillary sinuses in naso-frontal, nasomental and lateral projections is presented. It is stresses that in each of these projections several main types of the laminar picture of the maxillary sinuses can be detected, characterizing different depth of sections.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[A case of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma with a cavity].

Plasma cell granuloma of the lung is an uncommon and non-malignant neoplasm that may present difficulties in both diagnosis and management. We report a 52-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital due to fever and an abnormal shadow on chest roentgenography. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumor shadow with a cavity in the left upper lobe. However, neither bronchofiberscopy nor serum examinations suggested a diagnosis. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed and postoperative pathological examination of the resected specimen showed plasma cell granuloma. The postoperative course was uneventful. No recurrence was observed 10 months after the operation. As plasma cell granuloma of the lung is histologically benign, surgery should be performed to preserve the maximal residual lung with no lesion. VATS is the method of choice for treatment of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Congenital dislocation of the hip in the newborn. A correlation of clinical, roentgenogrhic and anatomical findings.

This study correlates roentgenography, arthrography, morbid anatomy and histology in four newborn infants with congenital dislocation of the hip. Three died shortly after birth. In two of these, manipulative reduction was impossible. Both demonstrated secondary adaptive changes at autopsy, indicating that the dislocation had been present for some time in utero. The first had a paralytic dislocation (meningomyelocele), and the second showed no pathologic findings other than the dislocated hip. The third infant had a dislocation that was reduced at birth. The child died of pneumonia on the 15th day. At autopsy, no secondary adaptive changes were found in the hip. The fourth infant, who had undergone open reduction because of a dislocation irreducible at birth, was retrospectively found to have an intrauterine dislocation when the maternal roentgenogram was reviewed. Significant secondary adaptive changes were noted at the time of operation.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

[Carcinoids of lungs].

The analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 29 patients with carcinoids of the lungs has been carried out for 1984-1995. Peripheral carcinoids were detected in 59% of cases, of the tumor in the main and lobar bronchi was revealed in 41% of cases. The analysis showed that there are no symptoms, pathognomonic for carcinoids of the lungs; carcinoid syndrome was not detected in any patient. The examination (roentgenography and CT of the lungs, bronchoscopy) has not provided any objective, differential diagnostic criteria for carcinoids, cancer and benign tumors of the lungs. Morphological examination of the removed tumors allowed all the carcinoids to be divided in two types: typical (benign neuroendocrine tumor) and atypical (well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma). The final differentiation is possible only after conduction of thorough histological, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical examination. The principal method of carcinoids treatment is surgical one. The optimal surgical procedure is pneumonectomy or lobectomy with lymphadenectomy. Atypical resection of the lung without lymphadenectomy in peripheral location of the tumor is justified only in early stages of the disease and in cases of morphological verification of benign character of neuroendocrine tumor. Late results were followed up in 27 patients. In the group of patients with atypical carcinoids in terms of 6 to 12 months 3 patients died from progressing of the main disease. There were neither lethal outcomes nor signs of relapse of the disease in the group of patients with typical carcinoid. The terms of follow up were from 1 year to 12 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Tracheobronchoscopy in injuries of the thorax and neck].

The results of examination and treatment of patients with penetrating wounds of the thorax and the neck are analysed. Diagnostic potential abilities of roentgenography and tracheobronchoscopy are evaluated comparatively. High diagnostic and curative effectiveness of tracheobronchoscopy is detected, which is indicated in diagnosis of the wounds of the larynx and the trachea as well as in cases of technical difficulties during endotracheal intubation. Besides, tracheobronchoscopy is indicated in postoperative period for sanation of the tracheobronchial tree under visual control for prevention of broncho-pulmonary complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radionuclide imaging of lacrimal duct in health and disease].

Dacryoscintigraphy is a perspective method for examination of the lacrimal system function. It has many advantages over other methods (functional tests, roentgenography, and computer-aided tomography) and notably improves the diagnostic potentialities of examination of the lacrimal function. The technique and results of the method are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Congenital absence of permanent teeth in a six-generation Chinese kindred.

We report on rare, heritable, permanent tooth agenesis in a large Chinese kindred. The congenital absence of permanent teeth except the first and second accessory teeth was observed in 52 individuals through six successive generations in the kindred comprising 328 members. Clinical assessments were carried out, and inheritance mode and spousal influence of the anomaly on their offspring were analyzed. Consequently, the anomaly was transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion with incomplete penetrance (P = 0.88), and no significant clinical manifestations other than the oligodontia were found. A geographical or environmental effect on the affected individuals was obviously eliminated, because any who are related to the kindred but live under the same conditions are fully healthy. The disorder we describe, therefore, differs from any previously reported oligodontia/anodontia syndromes. The oligodontia ranged from a few teeth to the whole set of teeth, and usually occurred at a period from age 7 or 8 years, the time when primary teeth are normally replaced by permanent teeth, to the forties. Roentgenography of the affected persons indicated that only the first and/or second accessory teeth with tooth buds developed as permanent teeth. In fact, the diphyodontic germination sometimes occurred in the oral cavity of the affected individuals.

China↗
PubMed2000

[Application of ultrasound in differential diagnosis of pleurisy].

According to literature data, pleural exudate is diagnosed approximately in 10% of pulmological patients. The importance of differential diagnosis of pleuriesy is expained by variability of the diseases accompanied by pleural exudate. 146 patients with various diseases accompanied by pleural exudate were examined: 39 from them had pleural empyema, 53--diffuse pleurisy, 42--incapsulated pleurisy, and 12--tumors of the pleura. All the patients underwent ultrasound examination (USE) of the chest together with a routine roentgenography, as well as computed tomography. USE was performed on the. Toshiba and Hitachi egurpment, which work in real time regime with sectorial sensing element (3.5-5.0 mHz). The obtained data show, that USE is most effective diagnostic tool in incapsulated and diffuse liquor accumulations in pleural cavity. In 6 patients the diagnosis of pleuritis was possible only at USE of the pleural cavity. Evaluation of the structure of the liquor and detection of tumor conglomerates on parietal pleura have a substantial diagnostic value. It is noted that echotomographic picture might be insufficiently informative in some situations with a small length of the contact of the lesion with the thoracic wall (less than 3 cm) or thickness of pleural layers up to 4-5 mm, in the presence of artefacts due to pulmonary tissues and osteal structures of the thoracic wall (ribs, scapula, sternum).

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facial skeletal growth in growing "toothless" osteopetrotic (op/op) mice: radiographic findings.

The defective bone resorption in the osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse brings about failure of tooth eruption. Furthermore, the op/op mouse has been studied as a "toothless" mouse in recent morphological and physiological investigations of the relationship between mastication and masseter muscle development. The present study was conducted to examine in detail the nasal bone and the premaxillary bone in this mutant mouse and to assess the roles of incisor growth and the mechanical stress of mastication in nasal bone and premaxillary bone growth. The forms of the nasal bone and the premaxillary bone were observed using roentgenography in both toothless op/op and normal (control) mice. In the op/op mouse, the nasal bone and the premaxillary bone show remarkable deformity. In contrast, the normal mouse appears well developed. This suggests that growth of the incisor root is important to normal upper jaw growth in the mouse. Furthermore, it is proposed that the upper facial phenotype seen in the op/op mice results from not only decreased bone resorption, but also from absence of the mechanical stress provided by normal mastication.

Age Factors↗