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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Seroepidemiological survey of chlamydial infections in light horses in Japan.

To investigate the overall prevalence of chlamydial infections in light (i.e. non-draught) horses in Japan, 599 sera obtained from 12 localities in 1991 were tested for complement fixation antibodies. The mean antibody positive rates of the all sera were 15.2% (91/599) and the regional positive rates were higher in Honshu (19.1%, 48/251) and Kyushu (20.0%, 20/100) than in Hokkaido (9.3%, 23/248). In Honshu, the highest rate (56.0%, 28/50) was observed in Utsunomiya. Analysis of the positive rate in different age groups showed that the 2-5 years age-group had the highest prevalence of chlamydial infections. This indicates that chlamydial infection is prevalent in light horses in Japan.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with Chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

Nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. The characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. Moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. Immunohistologically, a small number of C. psittaci antigens was demonstrated in necrotic foci of the liver and correlated with distribution of elementary bodies. Moderate numbers of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antigens were also detected in degenerating and necrotizing parenchymal cells in various organs and correlated with distribution of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Thus, these aborted bovine fetuses and newborn calf were interpreted as being dually infected with C. psittaci and IBR virus during pregnancy.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1990

Pathology of experimental chlamydiosis in chicks.

Twelve one-day-old chicks were experimentally inoculated with Chlamydia psittaci derived from turkeys. Acute chlamydial septicemic lesions were induced by the inoculation into the air sac and trachea. No lesions were produced by the esophageal injection. Clinically, the affected chicks showed emaciation and mouth breathing, and were inactive while some birds died. Grossly, they had hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and airsacculitis. Histopathologically, fibrinopurulent airsacculitis, pneumonia and bronchitis, multiple fibrinous serositis in the hepatic and splenic capsules, peri- and epicardium, and mesenterium, focal endoarteritis in the aortae, activation of reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, and hepatic necrosis were noted. Immunohistochemically, chlamydial antigen granules were present in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the respiratory system, hepatocytes, macrophages in the air sac, lung, serous membrane, liver, spleen, aortae, reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, and mesothelial cells in various organs or tissues. Chlamydial multiplication in the cells of the organs or tissues involved was preceded to form the lesions.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed2000

Echocardiographic follow-up of Chlamydia psittaci myocarditis.

Chlamydia psittaci myocarditis has been infrequently reported. A case of serologically confirmed C psittaci myocarditis with dilated left ventricle and severely impaired left ventricular function is described. Serial echocardiograms demonstrated complete recovery after therapy. An early diagnosis has important prognostic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Superimposed high frequency ventilation with conventional mechanical ventilation.

A 73-year-old man with ARDS-multiple organ failure due to Chlamydia psittaci, was successively supported with conventional respiratory techniques. After 48 hours of no clinical improvement, HFV was superimposed to CMV in order to combine the advantages of each one. Since improvement has been seen in all ventilatory parameters, this method is suggested as another mode of ventilation for patients with refractory hypoxia and hypercarbia who do not respond to conventional respiratory care.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

An outbreak of chlamydiosis in captive blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) in Brazil.

Fifty-eight blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) nestlings, recovered from the illegal trade, became ill at a wildlife rehabilitation center in São Paulo State, Brazil. Clinical signs observed were nonspecific, and the mortality rate was 96.5% despite initial treatment with norfloxacin. Postmortem examinations were performed on 10 birds. Liver and spleen smears showed structures suggestive of Chlamydophila psittaci in four cases. Diagnosis was confirmed by seminested polymerase chain reaction on tissue samples. Other birds from the same location showed no clinical signs of the disease, although high complement fixation titers to C. psittaci were found in 10 adult psittacines. All birds in the facility were treated with doxycycline. The two surviving nestlings did not recover after two doxycycline treatments and were euthanatized. The high mortality rate observed in this outbreak was attributed to poor conditions of husbandry and delays in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. After diagnosis, improved control measures for chlamydiosis were instituted.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Survey for Haemoproteus spp., Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella spp. in Galapagos Islands columbiformes.

Endemic free-ranging Galapagos doves (Zenaida galapagoensis) and introduced rock doves (Columba livia) were surveyed in several islands of the Galapagos archipelago to establish sample prevalence of hemoparasites, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Salmonella species. A Haemoproteus sp., the only hemoparasite identified, was found in 89% of the Galapagos doves sampled but not in the rock doves. Trichomonas gallinae was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 44% of rock doves from San Cristobal but in none of the Galapagos doves. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected from cloacal swabs in 6% of the Galapagos doves but in none of the rock doves sampled. All positive cases of C. psittaci occurred on Española, where the crude sample prevalence was 24%. A polymerase chain reaction-based Salmonella test failed to show evidence of this organism from any birds sampled.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evidence of Chlamydophila psittaci infection in captive Amazon parrots in Brazil.

The prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) infection was assessed in 95 apparently healthy, captive Amazon parrots from three breeder collections in southeastern and west-central Brazil. Cloacal swabs from 95 birds were tested for chlamydial antigen, which was detected by direct immunofluorescence (DIF), and serum samples from 44 of these birds were tested for antibodies to C. psittaci using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevalences of active infection as detected by DIF were 16.7%, 22.2%, and 56.1%, and seroprevalences were 100%, 87.5%, and 60% in flocks A, B, and C, respectively. We can therefore infer that C. psittaci may be widespread in captive parrot populations in Brazil.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and culture for the detection of feline Chlamydia psittaci in untreated and doxycycline-treated experimentally infected cats.

The diagnostic sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was compared with that of culture on conjunctival swabs over the course of infection in 4 doxycycline-treated and 4 untreated cats that were experimentally infected with feline Chlamydia psittaci. Treated cats were given 25 mg (5 mg/kg) of doxycycline orally twice daily for 3 weeks from day 6 after challenge. Clinical signs improved within 3 days of institution of treatment. Culture remained positive for 1 day and PCR remained positive for up to 5 days after treatment was commenced. No recurrence of clinical signs occurred and the organism could not be detected by either PCR or culture for 2 weeks after cessation of therapy. In the 4 untreated cats, conjunctival swabs were taken daily to day 14 and every 2nd weekday to day 64 after challenge. PCR was significantly more sensitive than culture in untreated cats overall (PCR 85.7%, culture 72.9%, P approximately 0) and for cats with clinical signs (PCR 89.2%, culture 79.2%, P = .008). PCR and culture had equivalent sensitivity (100%) for cats showing clinical signs in the 1st month of infection, whereas PCR was considerably more sensitive than culture for cats showing clinical signs in the 2nd month (PCR 72.9%, culture 47.9%, P = .028). Organisms were not detected by PCR in blood or any tissue collected from treated or untreated cats at postmortem. Thus, effective treatment of chlamydiosis in cats is possible with much shorter treatment regimens than currently recommended, and PCR is the more sensitive diagnostic method in chronically infected cats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of feline Chlamydia psittaci and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with upper respiratory tract disease.

The epidemiology of feline chlamydiosis and feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV1) infection in cats was determined using a duplex polymerase chain reaction assay. In cats with upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), prevalences of 66 (14.3%) of 462 cats and 98 (21.2%) of 462 cats were found for Chlamydia psittaci and FHV1, respectively. In cats without URTD, prevalences were 1/87 (1.1%) for both pathogens. Younger cats, cats sampled in summer, and cats with conjunctivitis were more likely to be positive for C psittaci than were cats sampled in other seasons and cats without conjunctivitis. Cats with recent contact with cats outside the household, cats with acute disease, and sneezing cats were more likely to be positive for FHV1 than were cats that had not had recent contact with cats outside the household, cats with chronic disease, and cats that were not sneezing. Purebred cats were less likely to be positive for FHV1 than were mixed breed cats and prevalence varied with year of sampling. Coinfection with both pathogens was lower than would be expected from their respective prevalences. Vaccinated cats were equally likely to be positive for FHV1 as unvaccinated cats. In sneezing cats FHV1 was more likely to be detected than C psittaci, particularly in acute cases, and when sneezing was not accompanied by conjunctivitis. Cats with reproductive disease concurrent with URTD were more likely to be infected with FHV1 than with C psittaci. Thus, the factors that should be considered in clinical diagnoses of C psittaci infections are the presence of conjunctivitis, age, and season, whereas contact with other cats, acute disease, and sneezing should be considered in diagnoses of FHV1 infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Psittacosis/avian chlamydiosis.

Considerable progress continues to be made in understanding chlamydial organisms, their host species, diagnosis, and treatment. (1-3) Thus, national guidelines are updated annually to provide a standardized approach to handling infections in humans and birds. (2-3) Prior to development of these guidelines, considerable variation in approach by state agencies has been documented. (39) A more recent national assessment of state regulations and procedures has not been conducted. Decreasing imports of birds and increasing education may contribute to a reduction in human risk from avian infections. Keeping new birds separate from old birds in aviaries and poultry production facilities may reduce the incidence of avian chlamydiosis. Although wide-scale testing of birds may not be cost effective, (28) focal testing and treatment may help reduce human risk. The recent loss of a major source for pelleted feed for small birds, such as budgerigars, was a severe setback for veterinarians and local agencies in managing this disease. However, new medication formulas under development may help to address this problem. (2-3)

Animals↗