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PubMed2005

Purification of potato virus X and preparation of its antiserum.

Potato virus X (PVX) isolated from the potato leaf and tuber samples which were collected from various fields in Damavand and Ardabil. The initial isolations of the virus were made from potato by mechanical inoculation on Gomphrena globosa L. and Chenopodium spp. that produce local lesion, and then it causes mosaic on Nicotiana spp. and Datura stramonium L. An isolate of the virus inoculated to Nicotiana glutinosa L. and it was maintained throughout the work. Sap from infected N. glutinosa was ineffective after dilution to 10-6, 10 minutes at 70 degrees and 10 weeks at room temperature. The virus was readily purified from infected leaves and the best protocol was Moreira & Jones 1980 than the other 2 methods of Fribourg 1975 and Shepard & Shalla 1972. Antisera were prepared against native, degraded proteins and micro precipitin test showed that both antisera had a 1/512 titer. Precipitin lines with D - Protein antiserum was better of the native protein antiserum in agar double diffusion test than treated with SDS. The isolate of the virus was not transmitted by none of 2 species of Cuscuta but transmitted from infected leaves to healthy plants with sap inoculation without using Carburandum. This isolate showed positive reaction with gamaglubulin in kate received from CIP centre.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contributions to the elucidation of S XIV pneumococcal polysaccharide structure.

Rabbits were immunized with a hemocyanin (Hcy)-p-amino phenyl beta lactoside (PAFBLO) conjugate and the gamma globulin fraction from immune sera was purified. Antibodies were demonstrated by means of the quantitative precipitin reaction using an egg albumin (EA)-PAFBLO conjugate as antigen. PAFBLO, D-lactose, D-galactose, cellobiose and D-galacturonic acid were used as inhibitors of the precipitin reaction and their relative affinity constants were calculated. The best inhibitors were the homologous hapten, D-lactose and D-galactose. Anti PAFBLO antibodies precipitated with types 6, 14 and 18 pneumococcal polysaccharides (SVI, SXIV and SXVIII) probably due to the presence of either D-lactose or D-galactose in similar linkage as in PAFBLO in these polymers. Antibodies also reacted with human red blood cells type B.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The relation between Cimex lectularius antigen and bronchial asthma in Egypt.

In bronchial asthma, house dust is one of the important precipitating factor. Cimex lectularius or bedbug is a well known house insect and share in the constitution of house dust. 54 asthmatic patients and 11 control individuals were skin tested using the common environmental inhalant antigens as well as Cimex extracts (Head and thorax, 1st antigen and abdomen, 2nd antigen). Also precipitin test using both Cimex extracts were used. The percentage of positive skin reactions to 1st Cimex antigen was 37.1 as compared to 9.1 in controls The percentage of positivity to Cimex 2nd antigen was 50.1 as compared to 18.2 in controls. On the other hand, the asthmatic patients showed different percentages of positivity to the common environmental inhalant antigens. The whole results were discussed. Of interest was the significant relation between the positivity in asthmatic patients to the antigens of Cimex abdominal extract and cotton dust extract. On the other hand, the precipitin tests gave negative results in both the asthmatic and control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of some serological tests for bluetongue virus infection.

The plaque neutralization, complement fixation, and agar gel precipitin tests were compared by measuring bluetongue virus antibody in 137 serums from experimental animals (cattle and sheep) and suspected field reactors (cattle and deer). In general, the tests agreed well with each other. Plaque neutralization titers began earlier than the other two and went much higher than the complement fixation titers. Plaque neutralization titers usually peaked between two and three weeks after exposure and complement fixation titers from four to six weeks. The greater sensitivity of the plaque neutralization test allowed the detection of all complement fixation and agar gel precipitin reactors whereas occasionally the latter two tests failed to detect plaque neutralization reactors.

Agar↗
PubMed1977

Typing of Group A streptococci from an urban area (Köln) in West Germany.

Two-hundred and twenty strains of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) from the urban area of Köln, West Germany have been typed by M precipitin and T agglutination tests. Determination of streptococcal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (NADase) production and the serum opacity reaction (SOR) have also been performed. 65.5% of the isolates could be typed by the M precipitin reaction. 92.1% of the remaining strains could be identified by their T protein antigens and could be further subdivided according to their NADase/SOR pattern. Most of the M typable strains originated from upper respiratory tract infections (including scarlet fever), whereas the majority of the M nontypable streptocci had been isolated from skin, wound, and other non-respiratory sites.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

Serum immunoglobulins E and G anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibody in patients with cystic fibrosis who have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Patients with cystic fibrosis frequently have pulmonary colonization with Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) and develop anti-Af immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG antibodies. The diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in subjects with cystic fibrosis is difficult because of the high incidence of Af colonization, with development of humoral antibody responses. In this study, we sequentially measured serum anti-Af IgE (Af-E) and IgG (Af-G) antibodies by ELISA in subjects with cystic fibrosis. In subjects with cystic fibrosis who have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Af-E and Af-G antibodies were significantly increased when compared with other groups of patients with cystic fibrosis who had positive skin tests or precipitins to Af (or both) (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01, respectively). In addition, increased Af-E and Af-G levels were sometimes seen in other groups, especially subjects with cystic fibrosis who had positive Af skin tests or precipitin tests, two of whom later developed criteria diagnostic of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Thus, serum Af-E and Af-G levels were quantitatively increased in subjects with cystic fibrosis who had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and thus adjunctive data in diagnosis. However, it also suggested that subclinical pulmonary inflammation may also occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Seminal proteins in patients with agglomerations of spermatozoa.

Seminal proteins (IgA, IgG, albumin) were measured in normozoospermic patients and in patients with normozoospermia associated with agglomerations of spermatozoa. The type of agglomeration was not taken into account. A slight yet significant increase in seminal IgA was detected in patients with agglomerations whereas the other proteins remained unchanged. By testing seminal plasma against C1q by double diffusion it was shown that many patients of both groups had nonimmune C1q precipitins. The significance of such precipitins in semen is not known.

Albumins↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to adenovirus type 35 hexon.

Twenty three monoclonal antibody-rich ascitic fluids (MIAFs) to human adenovirus (AV) type 35 hexon were studied by indirect ELISA using various tracer systems, passive haemagglutination (HA) as well as gel diffusion techniques. Eleven different human heterologous hexon types in addition to the homologous one, and two animal adenovirus (AV) hexons were used to determine the reactivity patterns (RPs) of the monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Based on the cross-reactivity with the different hexon types, the MoAbs exhibited genus, subgenus and type specificities; furthermore, a variety of intersubgenus and intertype specificities could be found. Fifteen of the MoAbs reacted in ELISA, but not in passive HA, suggesting that certain epitopes on the hexons bound to red blood cells were not available for the MoAbs in question. Four MoAbs were able to form a precipitin line with the hexon antigen in gel diffusion. Two of the four (MoAbs 35H10 and 35H51) formed with the homologous AV35 hexon a single confluent precipitin line only. In spite of the origin of these MoAbs from different hybrid cells (clones) their specificity was probably identical when recognizing the type-specific epitope of the AV35 hexon. The other two MoAbs (35H15 and 35H26) with a broad RPs were able to precipitate not only the homologous but also different heterologous hexon types.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1978

Immunofluorescent antibodies in patients with bird-fancier's lung.

To assess its value as a screen for avian antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence against avian intestinal tissue has been to test sera from thirty-nine patients with documented bird-fancier's lung disease, thirty-eight asymptomatic bird-fanciers and 257 controls without known avian contact. Immunofluorescent antibodies occurred more frequently than precipitins among patients with BFL and asymptomatic bird-fanicers. Globular fluorescence within the mucus occurred only in patients with avian contact, although other fluorescent antibodies were seen with control patients. No particular pattern was confined to patients with the lung disease. When included in an autoantibody profile, indirect immunofluorescence provides a sensitive and convenient alternative to precipitin methods in screening for avian antibodies.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the fluorescent test for office-based detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci infection.

Primary care physicians are frequently called upon to diagnose and treat streptococcal illness. Group A beta-hemolytic species have been associated with serious complications, making accurate diagnosis important to the clinician. This study was designed to compare a new test using a fluorescent tag with the traditional blood agar-bacitracin disc method and the capillary precipitin test. The fluorescent test for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci has been shown to be rapid and simple to perform. More important, the sensitivity and specificity appear to be equal to the capillary precipitin test and superior to the commonly used blood agar-bacitracin disc method.

Bacitracin↗
PubMed1986

Complement-mediated-lysis detection of antibodies in paracoccidioidomycosis: a preliminary study.

The objective of this study was to detect the presence of antibodies by the complement-mediated lysis test in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, before and after treatment, and to correlate them with the clinical form of the disease and with the levels of precipitin and fluorescent anti-P. brasiliensis antibodies. Eighty percent of sera from 15 untreated paracoccidioidomycosis patients showed positive lytic activity indices (greater than or equal to 15%), as opposed to 50% of sera from 24 treated patients. Sera from 29 of 30 control group blood donors showed 0 to 14% lysis. No correlation was observed between lytic antibody levels and precipitin titers or anti-P. brasiliensis total Ig and IgM antibody titers, either in the untreated or treated patient group. Anti-P. brasiliensis lytic antibodies were detected in various clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis. This is the first study using living forms of the fungus to detect anti-P. brasiliensis antibodies and opens the possibility of using the lytic antibodies as indicators of active disease.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1979

[Detection of antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus. 1st report: making of antigens (author's transl)].

A method of antigen preparation from Aspergillus fumigatus has been described. We received the antigens from medium and mycel used for the detection of precipitins and IgE-antibodies. The antigenic components are demonstrated in the immunoelectrophoresis. By the use of absorption we did not find essential differences between medium antigen and mycel antigen for the detection of precipitins. The medium antigen recommended for diagnostic is easier to produce and, moreover, has advantages for the detection of specific IgE antibodies.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1977

Identification of some Japanese leptospiral strains as serotypes copenhageni and icterohaemorrhagiae by preciptin-absorption test in gel.

Nine strains of Leptospira belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups isolated in Japan were identified by the precipitin-absorption test in gel. The results of the precipitin-absorption test matched closely with those of the agglutinin-absorption test. Two strains were identified as serotype copenhageni and 7 were serotype icterohaemorrhagiae. Strain Shibaura, which was thought to belong to serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and used in many laboratories in Japan, was corrected as belonging to serotype copenhageni.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1973

Prevalence of mixed blood meals and double feeding in a malaria vector (Anopheles sacharovi Favre).

A study was undertaken in a Greek village during 1970 to determine the degree of mixed feeding in a population of Anopheles sacharovi Favre. Exhaustive precipitin testing of 1 025 bloodmeals from 5 sites representing 3 different biotopes revealed that 91 (8.9%) of the 1 021 positive meals contained blood from 2 serologically distinct hosts. In a routine survey in 1971, when the testing was not as exhaustive, mixed meals were detected in only 2 (0.1%) of 1 798 smears tested. In the 1970 study, no mixed meals were found in pit-shelters, suggesting that a mosquito interrupted while feeding out of doors tends to move to an indoor biotope to complete its meal. A portion of the multiple meals -i.e., those completed on the same host species-could not be detected by the precipitin test. The frequencies of these "cryptic" multiple meals were calculated for the three main biotopes studied. The human blood index derived from these tests suggests that, in the absence of insecticidal spraying for 10 years, the host selection pattern of the mosquito had reverted to that found before the malaria eradication programme in Greece commenced.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Precipitating antibodies in sera of normal blood donors against some antigens related to type III allergy, detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

Precipitating antibodies against five antigens, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, cotton wool dust, house dust and tetanus toxoid, related to type III allergy (Arthus reaction) were estimated in 100 sera of normal blood donors by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. The three antigens staphylococcus aureus, candida and cotton wool dust exhibited rather high titres of precipitins in sera of normal blood donors, whereas nearly 80% of the sera yielded no precipitins against house dust and tetanus toxoid. For diagnostic purposes the borderline titres were estimated as follows: 1:8 for staphylococcus aureus, 1:16 for candida albicans and 1:8 for cotton wool dust. Even low titres with the house dust antigen indicated a pathogenic situation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. II. A trachoma-LGV-specific antigen.

Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were indentified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Two-dimensional immunolectrophoresis as a diagnostic tool for heavy chain disease.

8 sera from patients with three types (gamma, alpha, mu) of heavy chain disease were tested by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (Td. IEP) in order to assess the potential usefulness of such a technique as a routine diagnositc tool for heavy chain disease. Rocket immunoselection of the same sera was also performed by comparison. Characteristic, though not pathogomonic patterns were obtained by Td. IEP of the sera from patients with alpha chain disease. The main differential ciriteria by which heavy chain disease proteins could be differentiated from myeloma immunoglobulins were as follows: a) marked heterogeneity of the precipitin lines, ascribeable to the formation of polymers of different sizes; b) decreased sharpness, sometimes blurred delimitation, of the precipitin lines; c) frequent occurrence of spurs of the myeloma proteins over the deleted immunoglobulins in Kroll's tandeum variant, or between deleted immunoglobulins and small amounts of normal immunoglobulins present in the same serum. In our experience, rocket immunoselection does not show appreciable advantages as compared with Td. IEP.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new antigen/antibody system--the polymerized albumin and antialbumin antibodies.

Two new antigenic determinants have been identified on serum albumin molecules originating from hepatic patients. The same antigenic determinants may be induced on serum albumins of different species by in vitro aging or glutaraldehyde treatment. In patients with liver cell dysfunction the new antigenic sites of the albumin molecules induce the synthesis of specific antipolymerized albumin antibodies (AAA) identified by precipitation and hemagglutination methods. The anti-polymerized albumin precipitins (AA-P) reveal with high specificity and sensitivity the presence and severity of liver cell dysfunction. In patients with active liver diseases (acute viral hepatitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis), both precipitins and agglutinins show high titers, while in patients with severe liver diseases and long evolution or in old-agers AA-P positivity is seldom associated with anti-polymerized albumin agglutinins.

Adult↗