[Personal experiences with the use of peroxidases in the development of periodontal pathology].
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Adult↗
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Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”
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[Criteria for the competence of psychiatry in research and medical assistance in criminal pathology].
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Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
Present-day political pathology.
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Famous Persons↗
Treatment of anemia in the aged: a common problem and challenge.
The occurrence of anemia in a group of aged persons residing in a home for the aged and in a chronic disease hospital was reviewed with regard to etiology, choice of treatment, and therapeutic response. Of the 484 patients, 151 (31 per cent) had anemia or were receiving antianemia therapy. Iron-deficiency anemia was the most common type, and iron was the most common form of treatment. Seventy-eight patients were given antianemia therapy in 97 courses, and a good therapeutic result was achieved in about one-fourth of the courses. The most frequent error in iron therapy was its use in the anemia associated with chronic disorders. Often there was a combination deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. The response to iron in the elderly can be very slow, so therapy should not be discontinued too soon. Anemia may directly contribute to other serious pathologic conditions, especially in aged persons with impaired circulation. In some cases the physiologic concentration of hemoglobin may be higher than the accepted "normal" value. The course of the anemia in relation to the general state of the patient is more significant than any laboratory data in choosing antianemia therapy. Practical laboratory screening procedures for elderly anemic patients are discussed.
Aged↗
[Etiopathogenesis of so-called congenital hydronephrosis].
Taking up again inquiries already known in the past, documents of pathological anatomy of his own person experience, and facts of embryology, the authors explain the etiology of the obstructive malformation of pyelo-ureteral function the etiology brings out two phenomena: --The insufficient hollowing of the cephalic end of the ureteral bud, which is initially grooved, when it detaches itself from the Wolffian canal, can transform itself into a full cellular cord which secondarily forms a groove after 23 mm stage.--The insufficient vascularization of the ureter just below the pelvis because of an abnormal anatomical disposition which causes displacement of the longitudinal uretero-pelvic arteries to a point clearly below the ureteropelvic junction. There an ischemia impedes the muscular development of the ureter just below the pelvic of which the wall becomes more sclerotic and fibrous than muscular. Thus a defect in the grooving of the ureteral bud and an arterial blood deficit results in a congenital ureteral stenosis. Pathological anatomical documents illustrate this theory from which flow two imperative technics; the necessity to eliminate the initial obstructive ureteral segment; care to protect the pelvic vessels which will have to vascularize the ureter which will be anastomosed to the cut edge of the pelvis.
Adult↗
Covert multiple personality underlying eating disorders.
Frequently, MPD patients present themselves to the clinician with a variety of psychophysiological symptoms. Eating-disorder symptoms may be one of these, and may include the following: binge eating, self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercising, body image distortion, self-starvation, fluctuations in body weight, and nausea. Following are five cases in whom the pathological eating behavior was a manifestation of an underlying multiple personality disorder. The pathological eating behavior was so severe that some patients matched DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder. Clinicians dealing with eating disorders should be aware that some patients may represent a subgroup in whom the underlying cause for the eating disorder may be MPD. These patients seldom respond to conventional treatment modalities used in eating-disorders programs, and only when the underlying multiplicity is identified and treated by a trained clinician, will the patient's eating-disorder symptoms improve.
Adult↗
[Institutional establishment of pathologic anatomy in the 19th century at universities in Germany, German-speaking Switzerland and Austria].
The institutionalization of an academic discipline in the university system is a complex process influenced by several intra- and extrascientific, personal and economic factors. Starting with pathological anatomy at the beginning of the 19th century, we analysed its development from a subsidiary to a fully established discipline. We ascertained different stages of institutionalization:lectureship, associate chair, chair, institute. At each stage we found supporting as well as hindering factors. It could be shown that the structure of the German academic system was especially conductive to the establishment of the new discipline.
Austria↗
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis without evidence of Pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess how often Pneumocystis carinii organisms, P. carinii pneumonia, or other pulmonary pathologic processes were present in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) without pulmonary symptoms or previous history of P. carinii, and with a normal chest roentgenogram. DESIGN: Serial, prospective assessment of eligible HIV-seropositive patients over 21 months. PATIENTS: Twenty-four HIV-seropositive patients with either a nonpulmonary manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 12) or an absolute CD4 lymphocyte count of 0.200 X 10(9) cells/L or less (n = 12), no pulmonary symptoms, a normal chest roentgenogram, no history of P. carinii pneumonia, and no history of treatment with antipneumocystis prophylaxis. INTERVENTIONS: Pulmonary assessment with arterial blood gases, pulmonary function tests, gallium-67 citrate scans, and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean alveolar-arterial gradient was 11.1 mm Hg +/- 8.5 and mean diffusion capacity was 73.0% +/- 20.0% of predicted. None of the 24 patients showed P. carinii or other pathogens on stains of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. No patient had histologic evidence of P. carinii pneumonia. Transbronchial biopsy specimens showed chronic, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (11 of 23) and no pathologic abnormality (12 of 23). Six patients have developed P. carinii pneumonia during 2 to 18 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients without pulmonary symptoms did not have detectable Pneumocystis organisms in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or transbronchial biopsy specimens; but 11 of 23 had evidence of chronic, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. Pneumocystis organisms in a pulmonary specimen from a symptomatic patient probably indicate the cause of the pulmonary dysfunction even if only a few are detected.
Adult↗
Atraumatic avascular necrosis of an index sesamoid.
Avascular necrosis of an index sesamoid is our topic. In literature we found a lot of papers published about Hallux and the thumb sesamoid. There were only few articles concerning index sesamoid pathology. But in contrast to these, there's no evidence for trauma, nor arthritis in the personal history of the case discussed. This pathology is rare. Diagnosis is difficult. Treatment by sesamoid resection was successful.
Female↗
Lifetime prevalence of pathological gambling among american Indian and Hispanic American Veterans.
OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of pathological gambling among 1228 American Indian and Hispanic American veterans in the southwest and north central regions of the United States. METHODS: We surveyed a community sample of American Indian and Hispanic American veterans to obtain data on psychiatric disorder and treatment. RESULTS: American Indian veterans had a 10% lifetime prevalence of pathological gambling. The Hispanic American lifetime prevalence was less than that of the American Indian veterans but higher than the prevalence found for Hispanic American veterans in other surveys. Comorbid conditions associated with pathological gambling included substance, mood, and antisocial personality disorders. Ready access to casino gambling may encourage, support, or contribute to high rates of pathological gambling in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: A 70% lifetime comorbidity of psychiatric disorders suggests that early interventions for pathological gambling should consider common psychiatric conditions rather than focusing on pathological gambling alone.
Adolescent↗
[Amusias].
INTRODUCTION: We review the definition of the amusias and the cultural components involved in musical experience. We review the characteristics of musical language, perception and performance of it together with reading and writing it. DEVELOPMENT: We analyze the above data and significant clinical cases. We discuss whether in evaluation of the amusias it may be relevant to have had been taught music, since in this condition the functional specialization of the cerebral cortex has different topography of the lesions in persons who have or have not had musical education. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that in persons who have studied musical language, amusia should be evaluated as a second language, and its pathology as aphasia for musical language. In persons without musical education the dysperceptive amusias are a purely agnostic phenomenon with neuropsyschological characteristics which are different to those seen in persons who have had an education in music.
Agnosia↗
Age-related changes in the structure of myocardial collagen network of auricle of the right atrium in healthy persons and ischemic heart disease patients.
The objective of the study was to examine and evaluate morphometrically age-related changes in the structure of myocardium collagen network of auricle of the right atrium in control group persons, who were not diagnosed with cardiac pathology leading to heart lesion or overload, and in ischemic heart disease patients. Material of 56 persons of both genders aged 20-94 years was used for study purposes. Biopsy material of 17 healthy persons (control group, average age 60.53+/-9.89 years) and autopsy material of 39 ischemic heart disease patients (average age 63.83+/-15.67 years) taken from the basis of auricle of the right atrium (specimen size--2 mm x 2 mm) were examined. Morphometric analysis of collagen network was performed using histologic and video morphometric methods. After this investigation we evaluated quantitative parameters of the bundles of collagen net--namely area, number, perimeter. The percentile occupied area of bundles in control group was 17.6+/-2.5%; ischemic heart disease patients group--26.8+/-2.9%; number of bundles was 4179+/-1073 and 2523+/-867; perimeter--24163+/-3308 mm and 23426+/-409 mm, respectively. After investigation of age-related changes of collagen network in control group and ischemic heart disease patients' group, which did not statistically significantly differed by age, we determined that collagen network area in auricle of the right atrium increased with age in both groups, however, spatial distribution of collagen network was different. Collagen network area enlarged with lengthening of its fibers along cardiomyocytes in control group. In ischemic heart disease group, it enlarged both in parallel to cardiomyocytes and by separate collagen fibers merging into bigger bundles. Fibrillar collagen network area and its total perimeter of healthy persons increased with age, and number of fibers did not change. Consequently, collagen fiber area of one location increased with age; its shape, judging by in parallel increasing total perimeter, became branchier, i.e. proliferated in endomysium in parallel with cardiomyocytes. In ischemic heart disease group fibrillar collagen network percentage area increased with age, however, total perimeter and number of separate fibers in visual field decreased. Consequently, in ischemic heart disease group separate collagen fibers merged, their locations enlarged, taking an integral structure, which allowed assuming development of interstitial fibrosis.
Adult↗
Psychopathic, paranoid and depressive transferences.
This presentation focuses on the superego pathology frequently present in patients with borderline personality organization, an important issue in transference developments that evolve as a consequence and expression of this pathology. I shall describe 'psychopathic transferences' to refer to periods in the treatment when conditions of deceptiveness prevail in the transference, and the importance of systematically interpreting and working through these particular transferences. As a result of such a working through, paranoid transferences usually become dominant, and, in turn, need to be worked through fully. At this point, more advanced transferences characterized by depressive features tend to prevail, signalling the structural transformation of borderline into neurotic personality organization. Clinical case material will illustrate these transformations in the transference.
Adult↗
[The ego/self experience of schizophrenic patients].
The self experience of schizophrenics (i.e. their ego-pathology) is conceptualized in a theoretical model of five basic dimensions of ego consciousness (identity, activity, demarcation, consistence/coherence, vitality). A systematic empirical study uses the Ego-pathology-Inventory (with 53 items, Interraterreliability Kappa 0.9, Retestreliability 0.65). The study population consists of 552 schizophrenics, 25 borderline personality disorders, 87 depressive disorders. Ego-pathology clearly differs the three diagnostic groups. Confirmatory factorial analysis allows to accept the theoretical model. Various external measurements correlate with ego pathology. Three empirical syndromes resulted from statistical search for data-structures. A series of arguments for validation of the concept allow the conclusion the the proposed ego pathology concept is a viable approach for empirically studying the experimental core of the schizophrenias.
Borderline Personality Disorder↗
Preservice training to meet the needs of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
The provision of speech-language pathology and audiology services to persons from culturally and linguistically diverse populations is changing. Researchers have indicated that many current ASHA certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists do not perceive themselves as competent to provide services to individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds due to the paucity of this information during their professional education (Campbell, 1986; Shewan & Malm, 1989; Snope, 1982). ASHA has attempted to meet the needs of individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who are communicatively impaired and students and practitioners through the latest revisions of the requirements for the Certificates of clinical Competence and through ESB accreditation requirements for university training programs. This article discussed several important needs associated with university training programs for speech-language pathologists and audiologists that must be considered as the professions respond to the needs of specific service populations.
Adult↗
[Treatment of hemorrhoids from the viewpoint of the gastroenterologist. Personal experience with the Ginkor Fort preparation].
Pathological changes in hemorhoid plexes are frequently occurring mainly in elderly. In development of this disease are mainly involved changes in the vessel wall, pressure changes in basin, disturbances in passage of stool and also infectious disease. Instead of the correction of the life-style in therapy are used locally-acting drugs whose basis are local anesthetics, spasmolytics, antiflogistics, antipruriginostics and corticoids in many combinations. The main aim of the orally administered drugs is influence of the vessel-wall tone, decrease of the capillary permeability, circulation betterment, decrease of the oedema and blockage of the inflammatory mediators. In the group of 45 patients is documented benefit in use of Gincor-fort in dose of 2 cps bid in first week and 2 cps daily in the second week of the treatment. We presume that this drug can influence all of above mentioned factors during the acute hemorrhoidal attack.
Acute Disease↗
Inguino-crural hernias: preoperative diagnosis and post-operative follow-up by high-resolution ultrasonography. A personal experience.
BACKGROUND: Hernia is an important pathology with an incidence of 5% in world population. The more affect region is the inguino-femoral. Normally the diagnosis was based on the clinical exam. A short time ago the high resolution ultrasonographic study was introduced. The purpose of our study was to value the sensitivity of US-HR in the preoperative diagnosis, in the postoperative follow-up and to compare the results to clinical exam. METHODS: 140 patients affect by inguino-femoral hernia underwent this study, 112 inguinal hernias, 28 femoral, 8 pediatric patients. 106 patients underwent repair through the prosthesis, in 34 Halstad-Postempsky's technique was carried out. Ultrasonography studied: a) inguino-femoral region, cord and scrotum (the study was effected in basal condition and through Valsalva's manoeuver, decubitus changes); b) hernia content (omenutm, bowel); c) hernial orifice and of hernial content's transit (direct or indirect); d) the relation with the inguinal ligament; e) the vascularization (power-doppler) and the pathological situation (presence or absence of liquid in the sac, parietal thickness, presence/absence of peristalsis), in case of hernia complication; f) the presence/absence of simultaneous pathologies (hydrocele, varicocele, cord's cyst). The postoperative study was effected after 7 days, 1-6-12 months we have observed: a) haematomas and seromes (under the skin, under the aponeurosis, scrotal); b) prosthesis displacement; c) prosthesis infection; d) prosthesis reject; e) recurrence (importance, site); f) we have carried out the treatment of the complications (echoguided drainage of serous and hematic collection). RESULTS: The sensitivity of US-HR in the diagnosis of hernia was 87.5%. The clinical exam arrived at an average of 72%, the comparison was favourable to US-HR (15.5%). The sensitivity in the diagnosis of complication arrived at an average of 85.5% for US-HR, and of 36% for clinical exam; the gap between the two techniques was elevated (49.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The US-HR showed an important accuracy and sensitivity thus to cover today an important role, after the clinical exam, in the preoperative diagnosis and in the postoperative follow-up of the inguino-femoral hernias.
Female↗
[Disorders of the self according to self-psychological theory: a case presentation].
OBJECTIVE: In this case report the classification of self-disorders and syndromes of self-pathology are reviewed. The self-structure of a male patient (Mr. R), who has a narcissistic personality, is defined, and the dynamics of the transference and countertransference in the psychotherapy process are discussed. According to self-psychology, the cluster of the self-disorder is divided into five subgroups: psychoses, borderline states, schizoid and paranoid personalities, narcissistic behavioural disorders, and narcissistic personality disorders. The syndromes of self-pathology, which arise as a consequence of a lack of empathy on the part of the self-objects in childhood, are classified into four groups: understimulated self, fragmenting self, overstimulated self and overburdened self. Mr. R is in his thirties, a single man who works in a bank and lives with his family. Because of Mr. R's definition of himself as lifeless and boring, his complaints about his feelings of emptiness, his fear of losing his cohesiveness and some hypochondriacal worries concerning his health, it can be thought that Mr. R has both an understimulated and a fragmenting self. In the first six months of his psychotherapy process, an idealizing transference was prominent. Mr. R perceived his therapist as a powerful and talented person and even a saviour. In the countertransference, "a saviour father imago" was enacted. It seems that Mr. R's childhood memories, which were related to his mother and father, are repeated in the transference-countertransference relationship.
Adult↗