Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PALPATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Investigation of transabdominal real-time ultrasound to visualise the muscles of the pelvic floor.

Clinical measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity commonly involves techniques that are both physically and psychologically invasive. This study investigated transabdominal application of ultrasound to measure pelvic floor muscle action. The specific aims were to establish the face validity of ultrasound measures of displacement of the posterior bladder wall as a reflection of pelvic floor muscle contraction, and the reliability of measurement between raters and between testing occasions. Non-pregnant adult female subjects aged 24 to 57 years were tested in lying with a 3.5 MHz 35 mm curved array ultrasound transducer over the lower abdomen. Posterior bladder wall displacement was observed in both sagittal and transverse planes. Digital vaginal palpation and transabdominal ultrasound were undertaken simultaneously during pelvic floor muscle contractions to confirm that pelvic floor contractions were performed correctly and to grade pelvic floor muscle strength. Displacement (mm) was measured using electronic calipers on the ultrasound monitor screen. In all subjects, a correct pelvic floor muscle contraction was confirmed on digital palpation, and consistent anterior and cephalic movement was observed on screen. Digital strength grading did not correlate with ultrasound measures in either transverse or sagittal planes (r = 0.21 and -0.13). Average intra-class correlation coefficients for within session inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.86 and 0.88 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.97), and for inter session intra-rater reliability between 0.81 and 0.89 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96). Transabdominal application of diagnostic ultrasound is a personally non-invasive method for imaging and assessing pelvic floor muscle activity and is both valid and reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Responses to mechanical stimulation of the upper limb in painful cervical radiculopathy.

Clinical and electromyographic (EMG) responses to non-noxious mechanical stimuli were studied in four patients with painful cervical radiculopathy, and in two control subjects. In the symptomatic arm(s), palpation over one or more nerve trunks was painful and accompanied by EMG activity, whereas palpation of adjacent soft tissues was painless and unaccompanied by EMG activity. Electromyographic activity was widespread in three patients when myotatic reflexes were elicited in the symptomatic arm(s). In asymptomatic arms of patients and controls, EMG responses to the myotatic reflexes were more localised. Allodynic nerve trunks in cervical radiculopathy appear to be afferent correlates of central sensitisation; the accompanying EMG activity may represent a motor correlate of this same process.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a fresh approach to the diagnosis.

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition occurring in early infancy. The traditional approach to the diagnosis has been clinical, relying on the palpation of a 'tumour' caused by the muscular thickening of the pylorus. In doubtful cases a barium meal is diagnostic. Ultrasound, with the lack of hazards associated with radiation, provides an additional method of investigation which is accurate and will diagnose some cases in which no pyloric tumour is palpable. This will spare infants from a barium meal but there are still cases in which a barium meal will be necessary because a tumour cannot be palpated or demonstrated by ultrasound.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1992

Unilateral obstruction of the vas deferens caused by childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy in male infertility patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral obstruction of the vas deferens caused by inguinal herniorrhaphy (IH) during childhood. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Kyoto University Hospital. PATIENTS: Unilateral obstruction of the vas deferens after IH was diagnosed and treated in 10 of 724 subfertile patients. INTERVENTIONS: Reanastomosis of the vas deferens using a microsurgical two-layer technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow-up seminal analysis of the patients and the occurrence of pregnancy in their wives. RESULTS: The incidence of unilateral vas deferens obstruction caused by IH was 26.7% for subfertile patients with a history of IH during childhood. Unilateral vas deferens obstruction was detected through palpation of the scrotal vas deferens in 7 of the 10 patients. After vasovasostomy, the semen quality improved in 5 patients, and pregnancy was achieved by 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of vas deferens obstruction was unexpectedly high in subfertile patients with a history of IH during childhood. Careful palpation of the scrotal content was a useful and noninvasive method to diagnose unilateral vas deferens obstruction, and microsurgical vasovasostomy was treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopy through the open ipsilateral sac to evaluate presence of contralateral hernia.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral side (LECS) in children with unilateral inguinal hernia (UIH) has been criticized because of the abdominal trocar risk and costs. LECS was modified to avoid abdominal trocar insertion by using the open hernia sac for instrumentation (OHLECS). This study was performed to determine the utility, safety, and effectiveness of this technique. METHODS: During a 15-month period, 80 children with unilateral hernia underwent attempted OHLECS. All ordinarily would have undergone open contralateral exploration. The indications were UIH in boys < or = 2 years of age and girls < or = 4 years of age (n = 53) or high clinical suspicion (but not certainty) of contralateral hernia in older children with UIH (n = 27). Endotracheal intubation was not used unless otherwise indicated. Reusable 3-mm blunt trocars and 3-mm 30 degrees or 70 degrees laparoscopes were employed, with and 6 to 8 mm of insufflation pressure. No urethral catheter was used. The ipsilateral hernia sac was dissected, opened, and instrumented, and the contralateral side was evaluated for patency. Concurrent external palpation of the contralateral inguinal canal is an important diagnostic adjunct. Positive results were visible patency of processus vaginalis or bubbles or fluid and/or gas expressed from the processus by palpation. Only if the evaluation was positive was contralateral incision and repair performed. OHLECS added no more than 2 minutes of operating time. The operating room cost is similar to that of opening the contralateral side. Only reusable laparoscopic instruments are used, and less operating time, anesthetic time, suture material, and dressings are required if the contralateral side is not opened. RESULTS: In 10 patients (all < 6 months old) OHLECS was aborted because the hernia sac was smaller than 3 mm at the internal ring. OHLECS was successful in 70 (88%) patients-56 boys and 14 girls, aged 2 mo to 12 years (mean, 2.6 years). The presenting hernia was right-sided in 46 (66%) and left-sided in 24 (34%). Overall, 43 (61%) OHLECS results were negative and 27 (39%) were positive. The OHLECS results were positive for 22 (39%) boys and 5 (36%) girls. Their mean age was 1.9 years (range, 2 months to 10 years). There were no false-positives and one false-negative. There have been no complications during follow-up (mean, 1.14 years; range, 6 months to 2 years). No additional costs were incurred because nondisposable equipment was used. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral side via the open ipsilateral hernia sac is feasible, quick, safe, cost effective, and requires no additional incisions. The rate of positive findings is comparable with that of open exploration. Long-term follow-up is required to determine the ultimate effectiveness of the technique.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Bone mineral content measurement in small infants by single-photon absorptiometry: current methodologic issues.

Single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), developed in 1963 and adapted for infants by Steichen et al. in 1976, is an important tool to quantitate bone mineralization in infants. Studies of infants in which SPA was used include studies of fetal bone mineralization and postnatal bone mineralization in very low birth weight infants. The SPA technique has also been used as a research tool to investigate longitudinal bone mineralization and to study the effect of nutrition and disease processes such as rickets or osteopenia of prematurity. At present, it has little direct clinical application for diagnosing bone disease in single patients. The bones most often used to measure bone mineral content (BMC) are the radius, the ulna, and, less often, the humerus. The radius appears to be preferred as a suitable bone to measure BMC in infants. It is easily accessible; anatomic reference points are easily palpated and have a constant relationship to the radial mid-shaft site; soft tissue does not affect either palpation of anatomic reference points or BMC quantitation in vivo. The peripheral location of the radius minimizes body radiation exposure. Trabecular and cortical bone can be measured separately. Extensive background studies exist on radial BMC in small infants. Most important, the radius has a relatively long zone of constant BMC. Finally, SPA for BMC in the radius has a high degree of precision and accuracy.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1999

The incidence of intersexuality in children with cryptorchidism and hypospadias: stratification based on gonadal palpability and meatal position.

PURPOSE: The combined findings of cryptorchidism and hypospadias often indicate the existence of an intersex state. Testicular maldescent and incomplete tubularization of the urethral plate occur in a spectrum with the severity of the 2 processes likely dependent on the degree of pathophysiology in the androgenic hormonal axis. The incidence of intersexuality in children with undescended testes, hypospadias and otherwise nonambiguous male genitalia has been reported to be 27%. Although the likelihood of genotypic or gonadal ambiguity has previously been associated with meatal position in this population, to our knowledge our study is the first to evaluate the incidence of intersexuality relative to whether the undescended testis is palpable or nonpalpable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The database at our hospital was searched for all cases of undescended testes (2,105) and hypospadias (1,057) between 1982 and 1996. Radiographic, histological and karyotypic data were compiled for all patients presenting with both diagnoses. Gonadal palpability (palpable versus nonpalpable) and meatal position (anterior versus mid versus posterior) were recorded and correlated with the likelihood of identifying an intersex condition. Ten boys with a diagnosis of undescended testes subsequent to inguinal hernial repair were excluded from study. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia or complete testicular feminization were also excluded from study due to the clearly female appearance of the external genitalia. Statistical significance was assessed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: We identified 79 patients presenting with undescended testes, hypospadias and a phallus that was believed to be a possible penis. Intersex conditions were identified with nearly equal frequency in the 44 cases of unilateral (30%) and 35 of bilateral (32%) cryptorchidism. In the unilateral undescended testes group patients with a nonpalpable testis were at least 3-fold more likely to have an intersex condition than those with a palpable undescended testis (50 versus 15%, p = 0.02). In the bilateral group patients with 1 or more nonpalpable testes were also nearly 3-fold as likely to have an intersex condition than those with bilateral palpable undescended gonads (47 versus 16%, p = 0.07). Meatal position was graded as anterior in 33% of cases, mid in 25% and posterior in 41% with the more posterior location conferring a significantly greater likelihood of an intersex condition (anterior 2 of 26, mid 1 of 20 and posterior 21 of 33). CONCLUSIONS: Gonadal palpability is an important predictor of an intersex state in unilateral and bilateral cases of cryptorchidism with hypospadias. Patients with an undescended testis that cannot be palpated are significantly more likely to have an intersex condition than those in whom the undescended testis may be palpated on physical examination. The severity of hypospadias likewise has a strong positive correlation with an intersex state.

Child↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of the effect of diethylstilbestrol with low dose estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a phase III trial of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer.

In a randomized phase III trial performed by the Urological Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer low dose estramustine phosphate (280 mg. twice daily for 8 weeks and 140 mg. twice daily thereafter) was compared to diethylstilbestrol (1 mg. 3 times daily) in patients with stages T3 to T4, M0 or M1 prostatic cancer. Of 248 patients entered 227 were evaluable for analysis: 115 received estramustine phosphate and 112 received diethylstilbestrol. The best response of the local tumor as assessed by palpation was seen in patients receiving diethylstilbestrol. There was no significant difference between treatments for response rate of metastases, interval to local progression, distant progression, over-all survival and death of carcinoma of the prostate. Duration of survival was correlated with the assessment of local response as determined by palpation. The response of distant lesions also was correlated closely with survival. Diethylstilbestrol (1 mg. 3 times daily) was associated with a significantly worse degree of cardiovascular toxicity than estramustine phosphate. This finding was especially obvious in patients who had no history of cardiovascular disease. Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 25 patients treated with estramustine phosphate, including 6 in whom cessation of treatment was necessary. Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate, and to establish the best form of hormonal treatment for prostatic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Primary or secondary extragonadal germ cell tumors?

We reviewed 16 patients treated for primary extragonadal germ cell tumors whose testes were initially negative for cancer at palpation. Residues compatible with an occult testicular primary, overlooked at the pretreatment examination, were found in 10 of 12 patients with retroperitoneal germ cell tumors, whereas the testes in all 4 patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors showed no pathological signs. Therefore, we conclude that mere palpation to exclude a testicular primary is not sufficient and the testes of patients with so-called extragonadal germ cell tumors should be examined by all available means, at least by high frequency ultrasound. Orchiectomy is advisable if a focal lesion is found.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1979

Vascular-induced erectile impotence in renal transplant recipients.

The incidence and pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction were studied in 16 male renal allograft recipients. In 9 patients with bilateral renal transplants in whom both internal iliac arteries were occluded nocturnal erections were absent and a penile arterial pulse could not be palpated. Of 7 patients with 1 renal allograft 4 demonstrated penile nocturnal tumescence and the penile pulse could be palpated in 5. Since interruption of pelvic arterial blood supply appears to contribute to impotence in renal transplant recipients consideration should be given to the use of the external iliac artery for arterial anastomosis. Two patients were treated successfully with an inflatable penile prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Diagnosis and therapeutic management of 18 patients with prostatic abscess.

OBJECTIVES: Our retrospective study aimed to analyze the findings and therapeutic strategies in 18 men who were admitted to our department as outpatient emergency cases with prostatic abscess. METHODS: During the period 1985 to 1997, prostatic abscess was diagnosed in 18 patients (mean age 48 years, range 20 to 68) on the basis of evidence of fluctuation at digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) findings. Diagnostic workup included analysis of midstream urine and abscess fluid for leukocytes and pathogens. Therapeutic options were conservative treatment and/or draining procedures. RESULTS: Predisposing diseases were found in 13 men. Fluctuation at digitorectal palpation was present in 15 patients. In 3 patients, diagnosis was based on TRUS. All men demonstrated leukocytes in their midstream urine. Causative pathogens in midstream urine were found in 11 patients. In 3 men, additional microbiologic evaluation of abscess fluid revealed uncommon pathogens. All patients received antibiotic treatment. Nine men with monofocal abscess less than 1 cm in diameter were treated with antibiotic therapy and a suprapubic catheter. Surgical drainage (transperineal or transrectal puncture, partly guided by TRUS, or transurethral unroofing) was performed in 12 patients and included 3 patients in whom conservative treatment failed. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the importance of predisposing factors in the pathogenesis of prostatic abscess. Medical history and analysis of midstream urine indicated a diagnosis that was confirmed by digital palpation. In some cases, TRUS may improve diagnosis and treatment. Although both operative and conservative therapy strategies appear feasible, prostatic abscess chiefly requires individually selected drainage procedures.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows treated with cloprostenol, hcg and estradiol benzoate for synchronization of estrus followed by timed AI.

In previous studies, we demonstrated that the administration of a luteolytic dose of cloprostenol, followed by 750 IU hCG plus 3 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) 12 h later, synchronized estrus in cows in the luteal phase. Most cows were ready for service 48 h after the beginning of treatment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows treated with this method of estrus synchronization and to determine the effect of decreasing the hCG-EB dose on synchronization and pregnancy rates after timed AI. Data were obtained from cows first inseminated within an interval of 45 to 70 d postpartum. A total of 2,472 lactating dairy cows in their first to second lactation period were assigned to 4 groups. Cows estimated to be in the luteal phase by rectal palpation were treated with 500 mcg, im, of cloprostenol and assigned to 1 of 3 groups to be intramuscularly injected with hCG-EB 12 h later at the following doses: Group 1 (n=626), 250 IU of hCG and 1 mg of EB; Group 2 (n=592), 500 IU of hCG and 2 mg of EB; and Group 3 (n=664), 750 IU of hCG and 3 mg of EB. Cows displaying natural estrus were inseminated to serve as controls (n=590). The synchronized cows were inseminated 48 h after cloprostenol injection, and control animals visually determined to be in natural estrus during the morning or afternoon were inseminated the following morning. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal palpation at 34 to 40 d postinsemination. All synchronized cows showed estrous activity within 24 to 36 h after cloprostenol treatment and were considered to be ready for service 48 h after this treatment. There was a significant effect of treatment on the pregnancy rate, either to first AI or to 2 rounds of AI. The pregnancy rate in response to first or second rounds of AI was similar to control rates for cows in Groups 1 and 2, and lower than control rates in Group 3. Cows in Group 1 showed a higher pregnancy rate to first AI than those in Group 3 (P<0.0001), and a higher pregnancy rate to second AI rounds than cows in Groups 2 (P<0.02) and 3 (P<0.0001). The number of cows returning to estrus was unaffected by treatment. However, treatment significantly decreased (P<0.01) the time of return to estrus as the hCG-EB dose increased. These findings indicate that the lowest dose of hCG-EB treatment tested gave the overall best pregnancy results among the treated groups. Furthermore, the synchronization protocol used in this experiment allows effective AI management of lactating dairy cows without the need for estrus detection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Physical properties of bovine cervical mucus during normal and induced (progesterone and/or PGF2alpha) estrus.

Ninety two Friesian cows were used to determine physical properties of cervical mucus collected during normal estrus and estrus induced. Estrus was induced using either progesterone (P4) releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) and/or prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). The animals were assigned to 4 groups (no treatment, a PRID for 12 days plus an injection of 1000 IU PMSG at the removal of the PRID, a double injection of 3 mL PGF2alpha 11 days apart, and a PRID for 7 days plus an injection of PGF2alpha 24 h before the removal of PRID). A number of cows with normal estrus exhibited three consecutive estrus cycles after calving. Cows that had not shown estrus for three months after calving had their reproductive system palpated twice at 10-day intervals, to determine their ovarian activity. Then PRID and/or PGF2alpha was administered to cows that were found to have a palpable corpus luteum in one of two palpations (cycling cows). The cows of the three induced estrous groups were artificially inseminated (AI) twice, while those with normal estrus received only a single AI. Cervical mucus samples were collected from all cows 5 to 30 min before the first AI. Additionally, samples of cervical mucus were collected from 20 cows at their first estrus after the induced estrus. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The physical properties of cervical mucus were similar in the first three normal consecutive estrus cycles after calving. 2) The physical properties of cervical mucus in normal estrus after calving were similar to those in the first estrus after an induced estrus. 3) The pH values for normal estrus were similar to those for induced estrus. 4) Viscosity of cervical mucus in the normal estrous group was significantly lower than that in the induced estrus. Furthermore, significant differences were noticed among the three induced estrous groups. 5) Spinnbarkeit, crystallization and receptivity of cervical mucus (penetration test) were significantly higher in the normal estrous group than in the induced estrous groups, while no difference was detected among induced estrus groups. 6) Pregnancy rates in the normal estrus group were the same as in the induced estrus groups. 7) The percentages of cows in the induced estrous groups that produced cervical mucus with similar viscosity, spinnbarkeit and receptivity (penetration test) characteristics as the normal estrus group, was very low.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Chemical properties of bovine cervical mucus during normal estrus and estrus induced by progesterone and/or PGF2alpha.

Ninety-two Friesian cows were used to determine the chemical properties of cervical mucus during normal estrus and estrus induced by progesterone (P4)-releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) and/or prostaglandin F2alpha. The animals were assigned to 4 groups (no treatment, a PRID for 12 days plus injection of 1000 IU PMSG at the removal of PRID, a double i.m. injection of PGF2alpha 11 days apart, or PRID for 7 days plus an im injection of PGF2alpha 24 h before the removal of PRID). A number of cows with normal estrus exhibited three consecutive estrous cycles after delivery. Cows that had not shown estrus for 3 months after delivery had their ovaries palpated twice at 10-day intervals, to determine their ovarian activity. Then PRID and/or PGF2alpha was administered in cows that had a palpable corpus luteum in one of the two palpations (cyclic cows). A double artificial insemination (AI) was performed to the cows of the three induced-estrus groups, while the cows with normal estrus received only one AI. Cervical mucus samples were collected from all cows 5 to 30 min before the first AI. Additionally, samples of cervical mucus were collected from 20 cows during their first estrus after the induced one. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The biochemical properties of cervical mucus in the first three estrus periods after delivery were similar. 2) These properties were similar both in normal estrus after delivery and in the first estrus after an induced one. 3) Glucose and fructose concentrations for normal estrus were similar to those for induced estrus groups. 4) Total protein and cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in normal than in induced estrus, while no difference was found among the induced estrus groups. 5) Pregnancy rates of the cows did not differ significantly among the normal and the induced-estrus groups. 6) The percentages of cows in the induced-estrus groups that produced cervical mucus with total protein and cholesterol concentrations similar to those for the normal estrus groups was very low.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluating recipient and embryo factors that affect pregnancy rates of embryo transfer in beef cattle.

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of corpus luteum characteristics, progesterone concentration, donor-recipient synchrony, embryo quality, type, and developmental stage on pregnancy rates after embryo transfer. We synchronized 763 potential recipients for estrus using one of two synchronization protocols: two doses of PGF2alpha (25 mg i.m.) given 11 d apart (Location 1); and, a single norgestomet implant for 7 d with one dose of PGF2alpha (25 mg i.m.) 24 h before implant removal (Location 2). At embryo transfer, ovaries were examined by rectal palpation and ultrasonography. Of the 526 recipients presented for embryo transfer, 122 received a fresh embryo and 326 received a frozen embryo. Pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.05) with fresh embryos (83%) than frozen-thawed embryos (69%). Pregnancy rates were not affected by embryo grade, embryo stage, donor-recipient synchrony, or the palpated integrity of the CL. Corpus luteum diameter and luteal tissue volume increased as days post-estrus for the recipients increased. However, pregnancy rates did not differ among recipients receiving embryos 6.5 to 8.5 days after estrus (P > 0.1). There was a significant, positive simple correlation between CL diameter or luteal tissue volume and plasma progesterone concentration (r = 0.15, P < 0.01 and r = 0.18, P < 0.01, respectively). There were no significant differences in mean CL diameter, luteal volume or plasma progesterone concentration among recipients that did or did not become pregnant after embryo transfer. We conclude that suitability of a potential embryo transfer recipient is determined by observed estrus and a palpable corpus luteum, regardless of size or quality.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Improvement of pregnancy rate in Japanese Black cows by administration of hCG to recipients of transferred frozen-thawed embryos.

Japanese Black primiparous and multiparous beef cows (n = 120) were selected as recipients and randomly divided into three groups (A, B, and C) of 40 recipients each. Group A received an intramuscular (i.m.) treatment of 1500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on day 1 (day 0 = onset of estrus), while Group B received an i.m. treatment of hCG on day 6. Group C received an i.m. treatment of 5 ml saline on day 6 as a control. On day 7, frozen-thawed embryo transfer was conducted in all groups, and pregnancy was diagnosed by palpated per rectum 40-50 days after the transfer. Twelve recipients were randomly selected from each group. Plasma progesterone (P) and estradiol-17beta (E2) concentrations were determined in these recipients on days 6, 7 and 14, and at the time of pregnancy diagnosis, and their ovaries were examined for a corpus luteum and follicles by palpated per rectum. The pregnancy rate in Group B was higher (67.5%. P < 0.05) than the rate in Group C (45.0%) and in Group A (42.5%). The plasma P concentration on day 14 tended to be higher although not significantly in Group B than in Groups C and A. At the time of pregnancy diagnosis, the blood P concentration of pregnant recipients in Group B was higher (P < 0.05) than that of those in Groups C and A. The plasma E2 concentrations on days 7 and 14 were lower (P < 0.05) in Group B than in Groups C and A. These results showed that administration of hCG 6 days after estrus improved the pregnancy rate for non-surgical frozen embryo transfer 7 days after estrus by enhancing luteal function and depressing E2 secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Ovarian response and endocrine changes in buffalo superovulated at midluteal and late luteal stage of the estrous cycle: a preliminary report.

A study was designed to determine whether superovulatory and endocrine responses in buffalo differ when gonadotropin treatment is initiated at midluteal and late luteal stages of the estrous cycle. Twenty-eight buffalo were randomized into 4 groups (A, B, C and D). Buffalo in Groups A and B (n = 8 each) were superovulated with Folltropin (total dose 25 mg) and Lutalyse. Treatments in Group A were initiated between Days 8 to 10 (midluteal group) and in Group B between Days 13 to 15 (late luteal group) of the estrous cycle. Buffalo in Groups C and D (n = 6 each) were not superovulated and served as controls. Blood samples from all groups of buffalo were collected daily for plasma progesterone and estradiol determinations. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and unovulated follicles was recorded (following per rectum palpations) 5 or 6 d post-estrus. Buffalo in Groups A and B exhibited estrus in larger proportions and earlier (49.33 +/- 3.82 h and 46.67 +/- 2.46 h, respectively) than the control Groups C and D (77.33 +/- 5.33 h and 78.0 +/- 3.83 h, respectively). Mean number of CL was higher in Group B (3.38 +/- 0.46) than in Group A (2.25 +/- 0.75), however,the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma progesterone concentrations on the day of treatment were higher in late luteal superovulated and control groups than in midluteal superovulated and control groups. In both Groups A and B progesterone levels were significantly related (r = 0.78,0.76; P < 0.05) to the number of CL palpated after the superovulatory estrus. Progesterone levels on the day of estimation of ovarian response were approximately 4 times higher in Groups A and B than in Groups C and D. Peak estradiol concentrations were approximately twice as high in superovulated groups as in control groups.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of breed as a risk factor for atresia coli in cattle.

Systematic review of published cases and a hospital-based case-control study were completed to evaluate breed as a risk factor for atresia coli in cattle. Systematic review of 37 published studies indicated that atresia coli has been diagnosed in 10 cattle breeds and 12 countries, with the marked preponderance of cases occurring in Holstein-Friesian calves (485/514 cases, 94%). Epidemiologic analysis based on 28,373 cattle < 2 mo of age admitted to North American veterinary schools between 1964 and 1993 identified 291 cases of atresia coli in 13 breeds, with the marked preponderance of cases occurring in Holstein-Friesian calves (228/291, 78%). Holstein-Friesian cattle were at significantly greater risk for the condition than all other dairy cattle breeds (crude odds ratio 4.55, P < 0.0001) and all other cattle breeds (crude odds ratio 7.12, P < 0.0001), whereas there was no difference in the odds ratio between dairy cattle (not Holstein-Friesian) and beef cattle (crude odds ratio 1.68, P = 0.11). Atresia coli probably occurs secondary to vascular insufficiency of the developing colon. Holstein-Friesian cattle may be genetically predisposed to atresia coli, possibly because their developing colon grows at a faster rate and/or to a greater extent than that in other cattle breeds. Early or vigorous palpation per rectum of the amniotic vesicle appears to increase the risk of atresia coli in a genetically predisposed fetus, probably through palpation-induced damage to the developing colonic vasculature.

Journal Article↗