Key concepts in management for nursing. Management process in decline?
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Nursing Service, Hospital↗
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Curricular theories for nursing as process.
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Curriculum↗
Curriculum building in nursing: a process.
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Curriculum↗
The art of nursing.
The author presents a framework for artistic nursing practice that fits within the nursing process and balances scientific principles with artistic concepts. The framework can be used by nurse educators to help them teach the qualitative aspects of nursing care. In addition, artistic concepts which relate to the nursing process, including vision, composition, theme, perspective, congruency, line, color, tone, style, technique, and intensity are discussed.
Art↗
Nursing considerations in psychotropic medication-induced weight gain.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this clinical project is to emphasize the importance of prevention/treatment of psychotropic medication-induced weight gain. Professionals who work with patients taking psychotropic medications should provide a weight management program specifically designed to address the unique needs of the mentally ill patient. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Psychotropic medications used in the treatment of serious psychiatric disorders are associated with body weight gain. Medication-induced weight gain can lead to serious health issues and noncompliance with needed treatment. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: Current literature and discussion of possible mechanisms of pharmacologically induced weight gain are reviewed. Health issues related to weight gain are summarized. The nursing process is then used to assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and evaluate a program of weight management for pharmacologically treated psychiatric patients. OUTCOMES: Research findings demonstrate an increased rate of obesity in pharmacologically treated psychiatric patients. This phenomenon is probably multifactorial and leads to physical complications, psychological consequences, and noncompliance with treatment. Patients with mental health disorders can effectively control their weight if they are supported by a weight management program specifically designed to meet their needs. INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSIONS: Early intervention can prevent or minimize weight gain. Weight gain when it does occur can be reversed through a program of weight management. Nurses can utilize the nursing process to develop a weight management program that provides for the special needs of mentally ill clients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Psychotropic medication-induced weight gain is an often neglected problem that is not readily addressed in the clinical setting. On the basis of the scope of the problem, nurses should view medication-induced weight gain as a priority. Nurses are in a unique position to design and implement an individualized weight management program through the collaborative and holistic strategies that the nursing process provides.
Humans↗
An integrative review of postanesthesia care unit phase I patient outcome research: 1982 to 1993.
Specialty nursing practice tends to define itself by a set of competencies believed to be essential by the practitioner. A specialty practice rarely is the result of patient outcome research. Although nurses have been caring for postoperative patients since the early 1900s, a review of published PACU phase I patient outcome nursing research has not been reported. As part of a larger study, an integrative review of phase I postanesthesia research was conducted to investigate compliance with the scientific method and to examine whether reported research findings link the nursing process with patient outcome. Data were collected from identified PACU phase I research studies published between 1982 and 1993. The table of contents from 16 nursing journals were examined to identify published studies. The sample for the integrative review consisted of 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Data from the 43 studies were collected independently by two researchers on Post Anesthesia Research Literature Instrument coding sheets developed for the review. Findings indicated that the scientific method was used with varied levels of sophistication. The linkage of nursing process with patient outcome did not appear explicit in the studies reviewed.
Clinical Nursing Research↗
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home: prototype high-tech home care nursing.
Current economic and demographic trends in the United States indicate the demand for complex treatments, such as infusion therapies at home, will continue to escalate. In light of the increasingly acute and autonomous nature of home health practice, examination of home care nursing process affecting patient care outcomes is crucial. This study explored the cognitive, technical, and interpersonal components included in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) home care nursing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometrically the Schmele Instrument to Measure the Process of Nursing Practice in Home Health (SIMP-H) so that it may be used to examine high-tech home care nursing process. Home visits must be observed to identify the specific cognitive, technical, and interpersonal components included in high-tech home care nursing that are important for patient care outcomes. This study captured high-tech home care nursing process on videotape, which provided a medium for evaluating interobserver reliability for the SIMP-H. Results revealed an interobserver reliability coefficient of .72.
Aged↗
Bereavement support. The occupational health nurse's role when death comes to work.
1. Providing bereavement support for grieving employees can positively impact their adjustment and productivity. 2. Good bereavement care follows the nursing process approach: assessment, analysis, planning (goal setting), intervention/implementation, and evaluation. It acknowledges the five dimension of optimal health, and incorporates them into the nursing process. 3. The occupational health nurse, as clinician and advisor, can provide care to the bereaved individual and guidance to the manager and coworkers about the grief process and how to interact with the grieving employee. 4. Grief work is necessary for healing. The occupational health nurse can play a valuable role in facilitating the work by offering clinical support, a "safe" place for the grieving employee to talk about the death, referrals to the Employee Assistance Program or other professional support, and education about the process.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
[Self-care and the asthmatic adult: systematization of nursing care].
This research aims at the systematization of nursing assistance under Orem's nursing theory of self-care deficit. In order to conduct this study, the convergent approach was used through the performance of the nursing processes in an adult with asthma. Interviews, physical examinations, observations, data record, observation of nursing assistance in policlinics along with home visits were the techniques used to gather data. After the observation of the nursing assistance, self-care deficits were identified and a new assistance plan and objectives were established, as well as a system and methods of support. The assistance plan was performed through the implementation of nursing assistance, prioritizing educational support. Based on the results, it was concluded that the application of the nursing processes through Orem's self-care referential is feasible and necessary for the engagement of clients and their family in self-care.
Adult↗
Development of the public health nursing competency instrument.
This paper describes the development and initial testing of an instrument to measure population-based public health nursing competencies. Although multiple lists of public health competencies exist, literature review did not elicit a valid instrument that could measure changes in public health nursing competency over time. The public health nursing competency instrument, consisting of 195 measurable activities organized in the framework of the nursing process, was developed. Competency scores of practicing public health nurses significantly increased after a continuing education series, and the instrument was confirmed by experts to be a valid reflection of public health nursing practice. The time required for instrument development exceeded expectations because of the multiple stages of delineating competencies and validating data with national experts.
Clinical Competence↗
The functional message behavior inventory. Linking nursing action with health care outcomes.
In an era where issues concerning cost and quality of care are constantly raised, it will be increasingly important that expanded-role nurses be able to define their unique contributions to primary care. This will require nurses to self-inventory their nursing processes and conduct research that serves to link nursing action processes to health care outcomes. In order to lay the groundwork for accomplishing this goal, this article provides a brief assessment of the strengths and limitations of an existing primary care process measure (the nurse practitioner rating form), and furnishes a conceptual framework for constructing an alternative process measure--the functional message behavior inventory.
Communication↗
[Introduction of electronic data processing into nursing. An insoluble problem or chances for further development?].
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Electronic Data Processing↗
Nurse-client processes in mental health: recipients' perspectives.
An ethnonursing method was selected to explore and describe nursing support relationships, from the perspectives of recipients, within the mental health subculture. Data sources consisted of three semi-structured client interviews (n = 14) and field notes. When nurses were described as nice and friendly, and validated the client as a person by listening, three overlapping phases of development emerged from the data. These included: a glimmer of help, exploring and problem solving, and saying goodbye. When clients had negative experiences with nurses, they felt a lack of trust towards nurses and felt that their feelings were left unexplored. As a result, the relationships deteriorated. Deterioration began immediately in the first phase called withholding, and continued through the phases of avoiding and ignoring, and struggling with and making sense of. These findings raise healthcare providers' awareness about developing and deteriorating nurse-client relationships, and support the value of the therapeutic relationship as an instrument to restore and promote clients' health.
Anthropology, Cultural↗
[The use of classifications in the practice and teaching of nursing: the experience of the University of Campinas].
One of the major aspects of Nursing Process used in nursing graduation courses is Nursing Diagnosis according to North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA). We've experienced the implementation of systematic nursing care in a school hospital at Campinas, Brazil since nearly one decade. During this time we could evaluate the teaching process as well as searched for data concerning nursing care provided there. We notice that nursing students state the importance of nursing diagnosis and its practical application. Among nursing staff, the classification of nursing practice and diagnosis taxonomy are worth wile, although they find difficulties in stablishing an accurated diagnosis, and evaluation/assessment of nursing care provided. We consider that there is an increasing motivation in using diagnosis; nevertheless, several challenges are to be overcome toward a better clinical reasoning, diagnosis accuracy and refinement of the diagnosis already used in a common basis.
Education, Nursing↗
[A study on the adapting process of nursing students to problem based learning].
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the adaptation process to problem based learning(PBL) among nursing students who have experienced PBL classes for two years. METHOD: Data was collected from 11 nursing students with in-depth interviews and direct observation of their PBL experiences by a researcher who has been a facilitator for PBL class for 3 years. Immediately after the interviews all of them were transcribed. It was analyzed by the Ground theory of Corbin and Strauss. RESULTS: A derived core category was 'Acquiring PBL'. 4 stages of the acquiring process were derived and written in time sequence: chaos, confusion, beginning insight, and achievement stage. CONCLUSION: The results will not only expand understanding of the students for the facilitator and school which has adopted PBL but also provide information to develop an orientation program for PBL. Further research on the facilitator's role experiences is recommended.
Adult↗
Reflection: a reflex action?
Nursing appears to be regularly subjected to new and 'fashionable' ideas and practices, many of which come from the USA. Examples of these include the nursing process and models of nursing. In the pursuit of professionalization of nursing, the need for such innovations is supported by the author. What cannot be supported, however, is the haphazard way in which some of these initiatives are often badly introduced and accepted into the profession in the absence of any research supporting their benefits. This article seeks to explore the notion of reflective practice, some of the reasons it has been introduced, as well as some of the problems associated with investigating its benefits. The different types of reflective practice are discussed along with their implications for professional practice. Attempts are made to explain the difference between reflection and the mere recall of events, as well as some possible explanations as to why reflective practice has not been embraced by clinical nurses in the way it should or could have. Finally, the subject of how reflective practice could be practically implemented in clinical areas is discussed and an example for a model of reflection given.
Clinical Competence↗
Theory of nursing as curriculum content.
This article presents an introduction to theories of nursing, and a discussion of the structure of the discipline, its relationship to the nursing curriculum, and nursing theories as curriculum content. Some results of a content analysis of curricula for Australian post-basic clinical nursing courses are presented. Such curricula do not appear to afford much coverage of the nursing process and theories of nursing.
Australia↗
Electronic nursing documentation in primary health care.
The aim of this study was to describe and analyse nursing documentation based on an electronic patient record (EPR) system in primary health care (PHC) with emphasis on the nurses' opinions and what, according to the nursing process and the use of the keywords, the nurses documented. The study was performed in one county council in the south of Sweden and included 42 Primary Health Care Centres (PHCC). It consisted of a survey, an audit of nursing records with the Cat-ch-Ing instrument and calculation of frequencies of keywords used during a 1-year period. For the survey, district nurses received a postal questionnaire. The results from the survey indicated an overall positive tendency concerning the district nurses' opinions on documentation. Lack of in-service training in nursing documentation was noted and requested from the district nurses. All three parts of the study showed that the keywords nursing interventions and status were frequently used while nursing diagnosis and goal were infrequent. From the audit, it was noted that medical status and interventions appeared more often than nursing status. The study demonstrated limitations in the nursing documentation that inhibited the possibility of using it to evaluate the care given. In order to develop the nursing documentation, there is a need for support and education to strengthen the district nurses' professional identity. Involvement from the heads of the PHCC and the manufactures of the EPR system is necessary, in cooperation with the district nurses, to render the nursing documentation suitable for future use in the evaluation and development of care.
Adult↗