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PubMed1995

[Image data bases and multimedia works on server and CD-ROM in medical imaging. A French experience].

The CD-ROM technology allows the production of multimedia works which costs far less than books do. The creation of Internet and the servers World Wide Web has the advantage of distributing those works world wide, without the difficulties and the delays related to books and magazines distribution. The Teachers' Council of Radiology of France (CERF) and the French Society of Radiology (SFR) have opted to use these new media and these information highways to spread a part of their radiology teaching work. Iconocerf is a software program which allows to create, store, read and to exchange digitized radiological cases. It's available free of charge, within the CERF and SFR. The CD-ROMs Iconocerf-Medimag contain 3,500 radiological files with 15,000 images, previously on the videodisc Medimag. The Server of the French Radiology is a W3 server which includes: the CERF directory, a guide for the teachers, the research workers and the students in Radiology and Medical Imaging. It also contains the teaching works on Radiology, and some Iconocerf clinical cases translated onto HTML. The aim of this project is to create an evaluation system for radiology. By using key words, this system allows to consult: radiological clinical cases, located on the server or on CD-ROMs; reference texts; and to have access to the experts' addresses to be able to send them eventually a difficult case through electronic mail.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1996

[A study on AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior in servicemen in China].

AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior were studied in 1,058 servicemen in China with self-administered and anonymous questionnaires. Results showed 76.7% to 89.5% of the servicemen surveyed knew correctly the risk of AIDS and its route of transmission, but only 8.5% of them answered all the questions listed in the questionnaire correctly. Source of their knowledge about AIDS was mainly from newspapers, magazines and extracurricular books. Most of them thought they could have very little, or no chance to contract the illness. There were 74.0% of the servicemen eager to get knowledge about AIDS and 83.2% would like to accept relevant testing. And, 80.2% of them answered that they could put their behavior under control, or change their unhealthy one to prevent from the illness. It indicated that comprehensive and correct publicity and education could play an active role in the prevention of HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Women's experiences of general practitioner management of their vaginal symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the management of vaginal symptoms despite their frequency. Most vaginal symptoms in non-menopausal women are managed as thrush, although bacterial vaginosis is commoner. AIM: The aim of this study was to measure the experiences of women attending their general practitioner with vaginal symptoms including self-reporting of symptoms, duration and severity, informal support, over-the-counter remedies, sources of information, gender of doctor, expected and actual vaginal examination, and explanations and knowledge of common vaginal infections. METHOD: A postal questionnaire survey was conducted of 490 patients presenting with vaginal symptoms aged between 18 and 48 years who had attended 10 general practices within the previous 3 months in the East Midlands of England. RESULTS: A total of 85% of patients had suffered a previous episode, with 39% having had three or more infections in the previous year. Overall, 68% consult with each episode, and most consult within 7 days of onset of symptoms (median = 4 days). In all, 68% discussed their symptoms with partners, families or friends, but 32% relied solely on their doctor. Some 33% bought over-the-counter remedies. A total of 65% informed themselves further from encyclopaedias, leaflets and women's magazines, but there was a strong request for more information. Out of those questioned, 75% expected a vaginal examination, whereas 57% had such an examination performed. Most were told their symptoms were caused by thrush (78%), but patients' ideas on causation were varied. Most believed sexual transmission played a role in transmission of symptoms. Women were socially embarrassed by their symptoms, with 46% admitting to having the condition on their minds all or most of the time. Twenty-eight per cent of women wished to see a female doctor, with gender being unimportant to the remainder. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal symptoms were commonly recurrent, socially embarrassing and managed as candidiasis. Just over half the patients had a vaginal examination. There is a shortage of suitable information on vaginal infections available to patients, many of whom used over-the-counter medications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Computers in biology: the future is today.

Which are the applications of microcomputers in biology today? Some areas where the work with microcomputers is becoming increasingly important are considered: laboratory applications, event simulation and word processing. Almost all laboratory computer applications can be described as one of the following functions: 1. control of experiments, including timing and synchronizing external voltages; 2. data acquisition, usually through digital conversion of analog electrical signals; 3. data storage and, 4. data analysis. Event simulation is considered both as a research tool and as an important element in the educational area. Word processing and the automatic creation of literature references lists is considered as an ignored role of the microcomputers in the laboratory field. What about the influence of biology in computer technology? As specialized magazines say, many laboratories of biotechnologist are working hard to build a molecular computer. That is, an artificially designed ultramicroscopic machine built of proteins, nucleic acids, metals and non-metals in a planned arrangement. And this is not the end. The latest application able to expand our horizon in the biological field may be starting to be used at this moment.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1996

African-American mothers' perceptions of cholesterol and its effects on their children.

This study examined African-American mothers' perceptions of cholesterol and its effects on their children. A random sample of middle- and upper-class women, Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority members, 26 to 53 years of age, responded to a 42-item questionnaire. Fifty-nine percent knew their cholesterol level and 13% knew the cholesterol level of their children. Two thirds of the parents believed that all elementary school children should have their cholesterol levels checked. A total of 79% had made lifestyle changes to reduce their child's risk of hypercholesterolemia, including 22% of this group who had purchased food supplements for this activity. Parents were more likely to receive most of their cholesterol information from the mass media, magazines (74%), newspapers (64%), and television (52%). The results of this study imply that these parents may be in need of further nutritional guidance from physicians to help them establish a safe and nutritious approach to maintaining normal cholesterol levels for their children.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Marketing of psychotherapy--small advertisements in the "market" of psychology today].

Beyond traditional psychotherapy many new psychotherapeutic schools and methods strive for recognition. Many of them offer psychotherapeutic training by advertisement in Psychologie heute, a popular psychological magazine. These advertisements are analysed. Possible consequences of this flouristing market of methods on social representation of psychotherapy are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

Reproductive biology knowledge, and behaviour of teenagers in East, Central and Southern Africa: the Zimbabwe case study.

Sexuality in the teenager is often complicated by unplanned/unwanted pregnancy, abortion and the risks of STDs including AIDS. There is therefore a need for improved understanding of factors affecting adolescent sexuality and the implementation of programmes designed to improve their knowledge, risk awareness and subsequent behavioural outcomes. A multicentre study of reproductive health knowledge and behaviour followed by a health education intervention was undertaken amongst teenagers in selected countries of East, Central and Southern Africa. Reported here are findings at baseline derived from the Zimbabwe component on reproductive biology knowledge and behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was used among 1 689 adolescent pupils drawn from rural, urban, co-education, single sex, boarding and day secondary schools in Zimbabwe. Correct knowledge on reproductive biology as measured by the meaning and interpretation of menstruation and wet dreams varied by school from 68 pc to 86 pc, with a significant trend (p < 0,01) based on level of education at baseline. The reported mean age at which menarche took place was 13,5 years +/- 1,3 (mean +/- SD). First coitus was reported to have taken place at the mean age of 12 years for boys and 13,6 years for girls. Seventeen pc of the adolescent pupils reported that they were sexually experienced and 33,2 had relationships. There were misconceptions reported on menstruation with 23 pc reporting that it was an illness. Peers, followed by magazines were the first sources of information on various aspects of reproductive biology, both of which might not provide the correct first information. Among pupils reporting that they were sexually experienced, the largest proportion (56 pc) had unprotected sex. The findings point to the need for targeting the adolescent pupils for information on reproductive biology and increased awareness on the risks of pregnancy, STDs and HIV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Practical nutrition education: special considerations for athletes.

The interest in sports nutrition and fitness over the last 10 years has risen beyond our wildest beliefs. Athletes are breaking new records every year, pushing their bodies past points ever thought possible. Athletes must rely on nutrition to help them reach their goals. Books, magazines, newspapers, and television provide the latest information on nutrition and diets, some credible, some not; and athletes are the perfect target for "the magic formula or pill." As health care professionals, we have the responsibility to help our patients to synthesize new information without overlooking the most important thing: the need to follow a well-balanced diet. Nurse practitioners have an opportunity to educate patients on some of the basic sports nutrition information. Nurse practitioners can help patients in distinguishing reliable nutrition information and assist patients in meeting their health and fitness goals with good nutrition practices. The focus of this article is not to provide education regarding nutrition, but to provide simple, useful tools to educate patients and help them meet their goals.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Scientific information of health personnel: an approach to the sources, access, costs and research].

OBJECTIVE: To study what general sources of information health professionals working in primary care use, their access to them, expenditure incurred in health information and whether they do research and publish it. DESIGN: A descriptive crossover study using an anonymous questionnaire. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Doctors, paediatricians, nurses and midwives working in the primary care field in Area 13 of the Community of Valencia. 163 out of 255 people polled replied (63.9% participation). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main sources of information favoured are courses and clinical sessions. 83.5% of professionals had done some course or attended a congress or workshop over the two previous years. 78.9% of staff had needed to look for a book or magazine outside their own library and mainly looked outside the Health Centres. 20.8% spent no money on health information. 34.4% had done research work: 24 doctors and 9 nurses had published. 14.7% felt supported always or often by their health area to do research. 64% did not have a wordprocessor and 71% did not have a library. CONCLUSIONS: The staff surveyed prefer courses and clinical sessions as their sources of information, which might imply little active searching for information. They believe that they need material and information resources for research work, and that incentives must be offered. Workplaces contain few sources of information.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Document management and scanning in the physician's office.

A popular PC magazine recently conducted a survey asking readers whether a paperless office or Santa Claus was more believable. Santa Claus won. Health care professionals would make that same choice. They come from an educational process that teaches, if it is not on paper, it never happened. However, the necessity for fast and easy access to medical documents, particularly in managed care networks, is causing the paperless office to rush forward at breakneck speed.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1996

[Bone cements and their uses in orthopedics and rheumatology. GRIBOI. Groupe de Recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Biomatériaux ostéo-articulaires injectables].

Acrylic cement has been used for total hip arthroplasty fixation for several years. Use of new cements for bony injections or for treatment of fractures is often misunderstood, in spite (or because?) of numerous paper in non-medical magazines. Acrylic cement continues to be the reference for bony cements. Most hip arthroplasties are still cemented, with good results in most cases, even after ten years. Other applications of acrylic cement are reported here, especially for percutaneous injection in metastatic vertebral lesions. New kind of cements are now available, especially pastes of carbonated apatite, and beta tricalcium phosphate-monocalcium phosphate monohydrate water mixtures. With this new family of injectable biomaterials we can hope the development of mini-invasive therapies for bone lesions, and first results appear to be very attractive. However continuous improvements of these materials and rigorous clinical evaluations are need.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1996

[Survey of allergic diseases in 3-year old children in Okinawa City].

A questionnaire survey was conducted between September 1993 and March 1994 to ascertain the presence of allergic diseases among 3-year old children in Okinawa City of Okinawa Prefecture. Nine hundred and twenty-two questionnaires were sent to caretakers of 3-year old children, with 697 responses of which five invalid cases were deleted for a total of 692 responses which were analyzed. About 30% of these children had allergic diseases as diagnosed by the medical doctor. Among the respondents 15.1% had experience of atopic dermatitis, while 13.9% had experience of asthma. The incidence of atopic dermatitis in this survey was lower than those reported in other prefectures of Japan. Symptoms for atopic dermatitis were more severe during summer. About 15% of the children had been on a diet regimen for prevention or treatment of allergic diseases since the time of conception. Eighteen percent of the respondents used a vacuum cleaner on their bedding. A high proportion of respondents (65.9%) obtained information from newspapers or magazines about allergic diseases.

Asthma↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic therapy is ineffective for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Snoring and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are common and chronic ailments with potentially serious medical complications. There are several accepted treatments, but these can be uncomfortable, inconvenient, and expensive. A number of alternative treatments have been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring. They are advertised in magazines, on the radio and television, and on the Internet. The lay press is reporting about the effectiveness of these treatments without the benefit of clinical trials or scientific studies. Among the therapies currently being promoted for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea is biomagnetic therapy. Unlike many of the other treatments which have not undergone scientific evaluation, biomagnetic therapy has been evaluated in the past. In fact, the evaluation of biomagnetic therapy is one of the first controlled scientific investigations found in the literature. This report showed that magnet therapy had no medicinal value. Despite this clear evidence, magnetic therapy continues to be utilized today and currently is being promoted for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea. At out Sleep Disorder Center, we have had the opportunity to evaluate a patient with severe obstructive sleep apnea both before and after treatment with magnetic therapy, as well as with conventional therapy. Our study clearly indicates there was no benefit from magnetic therapy in this case. While alternative therapy may be helpful in the treatment of certain medical conditions, extreme care must be exercised to prevent inappropriate treatment or undertreat-ment of significant medical problems. Close clinical follow-up and controlled studies are important in determining the effectiveness of therapies.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1996

Reaching smokers with lower educational attainment.

Between 1977 and 1994, smoking rates declined among men and women, but the decline was steeper for men. While smoking rates fell among people at all levels of education, the smallest drop was among those with high school graduation or less, particularly women. For those who had stopped smoking, health concerns had been the overriding factor. Smokers with lower education reported encountering fewer smoking restrictions in their daily activities than did those with higher education. All smokers cited the mass media as their major source of information about smoking, but those with lower education reported the mass media less often than did smokers with higher levels of attainment, and were less likely to obtain information from books, pamphlets or magazines. In addition, smaller percentages of smokers with lower education recalled printed warnings about heart disease on cigarette packages. Variations in the decline of smoking suggest that health promotion and smoking cessation programs should consider sex and educational differences when targeting the smoking population. Differences in rates of smoking among people aged 20 and over were examined by educational attainment using selected health surveys conducted between 1977 and 1994. A Health Canada-sponsored supplement to Statistics Canada's National Population Health Survey was used for data on other aspects of smoking such as cutting back or attempting to quit, sources of health information, and awareness of smoking restrictions and cigarette package warnings.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Medicine and the Internet. What can I learn from the Internet?

What is the Internet? The Internet is the biggest network of information resources the world has ever seen and is growing rapidly each day. The Internet and the World Wide Web (The Web) represent the first technology to fully integrate the communications found on bookshelves, magazine racks, catalog files, fax machines, symposiums, in television/radio studios and the common mail system into a global infrastructure with extraordinary capabilities to deliver timely health care information. Unlike conventional media like newspapers or television, the Internet provides rapid one-to-one communication between millions of individuals. Television and newspapers communicate from "a few" (the writers and advertisers) to "many" (the readership). On the Internet, everyone is a "peer," being both an information provider and consumer on a 24-hour, 7-day a week basis. This article will discuss ways you can use the Internet's information resources in your own personal and professional life.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

Does the BJGP need more fizz and pop?--A Midland Faculty readership survey.

BACKGROUND: The British Journal of General Practice (BJGP) is the leading primary care journal in the world. By impact factor, it ranks 24th of all medical journals. However, despite major changes in the journal since its inception in 1954, there have been no published readership surveys since a limited report in 1969. AIM: To canvass members of the Midland Faculty and to add to the debate about the future of the BJGP. METHOD: A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 299 members, fellows and associates of the Midland Faculty asking for their views about the BJGP. RESULTS: Two hundred replies were received (a response rate of 67%). The median year of qualification of responders was 1981, and 32 (16%) held academic posts. Ninety-nine (49%) disagreed with the present format of the BJGP, which compared poorly with the British Medical Journal (BMJ) in simple rank order of importance. Readership was equal to that of the BMJ (93% reading it within 28 days of arrival), but fewer people read it within a week of receiving it. The most popular sections were the editorials, original articles and letters; least popular were the book reviews and the pull-out magazine, Connection. All sections were rated excellent to average. Readers wished for an expansion of the BJGP to include clinical reviews, medical politics and humorous pieces. Most responders felt that Connection should remain separate. There was dissatisfaction with the delay between submission and publication of original articles, particularly among the academic general practitioners (GPs). Academics and fundholders did not differ from other readers in their views of the content or style of the BJGP. Half of the responders stated that the BJGP should be self-financing and should be open to more advertising. Responders' free comments largely related to improving the style of articles and expanding the BJGP. CONCLUSION: There is a view that the present BJGP is not relevant to the non-academic GP. This is probably due to style rather than content. Simple comparisons with a weekly multi-disciplinary journal may not be valid. The style could be updated to improve retention of information and to highlight areas of particular relevance. Readers are satisfied with the core content of the BJGP but want it to expand to include humour, clinical reviews and medical politics, for example. There is no evidence that the BJGP is more appealing to the academic GP. This study supports an expanded BJGP with an improved style.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1997

[Role of associations in bipolar patients].

Providing information to the patients and their families represents one of today's new conditions in the management of the depressed. It will help their adaptation to the illness and its effects. It will maintain a good therapeutic alliance among patients and practitioners, and will enhance their treatment adherence thus improving their quality of life. Several aspects are essential in the transmission of this information: it must be available to every patient, easily accessible, concise, repeated and revised as necessary, discouraging self-diagnosis and self-prescription. This education must be given personally by the physicians and the pharmacists. Depressed patients may also have an access to complementary sources: books, magazines and more rarely scientific journals. Patients' associations provide another potential source of information, offering a comprehensive approach to the patient and the illness. France-Déxpression is a depressive and manic-depressive patients association. Its goals are to provide information and support to the patients and their families, promoting a better understanding and recognition of depressive and manic-depressive illness.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1997

Epilepsy, the law and the media.

It is generally accepted that the media exerts a powerful influence over what the general public feels and believes. This study examined references to epilepsy and the law found in general media communications from January 1993 to December 1994 in the UK. These articles were extracted from general audience material mainly newspapers and magazines. Any article which referred to the legal aspects of epilepsy were then selected. These included those relating to legislation e.g. driving, state benefits and those relating to criminal law e.g. convictions. The reports were analyzed in terms of type of communication, space allotted, circulation and terminology used both in the title and the general text. An attempt was also made to classify the general image which the article portrayed. It is accepted that content analysis itself provides no direct data about the nature of the communicator, the audience or its effects and this method has cautiously been used to classify and describe the manifest content of the method of communication. The study concludes that although it is encouraging that legal aspects of epilepsy are receiving media attention, this attention could be used in a more positive manner in promoting awareness, rather than many of the cases examined which appeared to use negative images in order to pander to popular audience appeal.

Adult↗