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Results for “MOTIVATION”

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PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of keeping an end-product on intrinsic motivation.

OBJECTIVE: According to literature in occupational therapy and psychology, intrinsic motivation is thought to be enhanced if people can keep the end-product of an activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of keeping an end-product on intrinsic motivation. METHOD: Fifty participants chose one of four activities (painting a ceramic vase, decorating cookies, stringing beads for a necklace, creating stationery) and performed two conditions (keep, no-keep) in counterbalanced order. Participants were timed in each condition and, after each condition, ranked their self-determination and competence, which are psychological needs underlying intrinsic motivation. Participants were interviewed at the end of the study to examine their experiences. RESULTS: Participants worked significantly longer on a chosen activity when the end-product could be kept and rated themselves significantly more self-determined and competent after performing the keep condition. However, further analysis revealed that these results depended on the activity chosen. CONCLUSION: The findings support that keeping an end-product can enhance performance of an activity. However, because results were not consistent across all activity choices, further research is needed to characterize the meaningfulness of particular activities.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Senior military officers' educational concerns, motivators and barriers for healthful eating and regular exercise.

The increasing trend of overweight in the military, the high cost of health care associated with overweight, and the failure to meet some Healthy People 2000 objectives related to diet identify the need for more appropriate nutrition and fitness education for military personnel. The purpose of this study was to assess senior military officers' concerns on various health topics, educational preferences for nutrition and health topics, eating habits, and barriers and motivators for eating healthfully and exercising regularly. The survey was completed by 52 resident students at the U.S. Army War College. Fitness, weight, and blood cholesterol were top health concerns, and respondents wanted to know more about eating healthfully on the run. The primary barrier to eating healthfully and exercising regularly was lack of time, whereas health and appearance were top motivators. Health interventions for this population should include their topics of concern and should address perceived barriers and motivators.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cure for employee malaise--motivation.

Although working conditions, hours, pay, and advancement opportunities are better now than in the 1950s--the "golden age" of American business--today's workers are significantly less satisfied. Why? The authors believe the cause of this malaise is lack of motivation. This article examines several techniques to cure employee malaise and discusses the long-term benefits of these techniques, which include empowerment, recognition, career development, the Pygmalion effect, incentives, and rewards. By making a commitment to these motivational techniques, managers will boost the morale and enthusiasm of their employees and their organization. This motivational process is not quick and easy; developing your employees is an ongoing process.

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Deliberate departures from good general practice: a study of motives among Dutch general practitioners.

BACKGROUND: When general practitioners (GPs) act contrary to their own standards of good practice, they usually cite patient demands as the main reason. However, up until now, studies have relied on doctors' recollections of departures from their own norms, which may be unreliable. AIM: To systematically explore GPs' motives for deliberate departures from their own conception of good practice. METHOD: Forty-nine GPs, over five days, registered to what extent they had deviated from their own norms, and recorded the motives underlying any deviation. RESULTS: Of the 6087 consultations registered, 10% contained some departure from 'good' general practice, the majority (75%) of which was perceived by the doctor concerned as 'slight'. Doctors underpinned their departures mostly by referring to the doctor-patient relationship: the wish to be nice was used, on average, in 42% of deviations, and the wish to prevent a conflict in 30%. The most important non-relational motive was clinical uncertainty, which doctors used in 11% of their cases. DISCUSSION: Contrary to common belief, GPs often comply with patient requests because they wish to, and not because they feel forced to. Whether or not this behaviour affects the quality of care is largely dependent on the model of 'good' general practice used.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1988

Four motivations for charitable giving: implications for marketing strategy to attract monetary donations for medical research.

Medical research foundations can compete more effectively for charitable dollars by being aware of motivations for giving when designing marketing strategy. The study tests the extent to which the motives of reciprocity, income, career, and self-esteem predict monetary giving to medical research. The results indicate that reciprocity and income motives are significant predictors of giving, as are household assets and age. Interpretation of these results leads to several suggestions for marketing strategy.

Charities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A personal formula for motivation.

Have you ever wondered why some colleagues or subordinates are outstanding in their work while others are less so? Training and experience are extremely important factors but, by themselves, they will not ensure outstanding performance. The pivotal factor that activates all others is motivation. And underlying motivation is the fact that we all have needs that we desire to have fulfilled and that we make choices regarding the course of action or strategy to fulfill these needs. As managers, we do not typically create the "products" of the organization but rather must rely on subordinates. It is incumbent upon us to obtain from our employees desired behavior that will fulfill organizational goals. Indeed, it has been asserted that "one of the most basic responsibilities of the health service organization manager [is] motivating constructive participation of other organization members."

Health Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dynamics of neocortical modifications: the dependence on motivational and emotiogenic systems].

A concept is advanced according to which for complete and successive development of membrane and synaptic modifications in the neocortex during the conditioned reflex (CR) elaboration the differentiated changes in impulse flow structure of the motivation and emotion systems of the hypothalamus and reciprocal character of excitatory and inhibitory interactions between them are necessary. Motivation excitation coordinated with repeated activation of synaptic inputs by pairing stimuli contributes to temporary (lasting about hour) increase in somatodendritic electroexcitability of neocortical neurons. It is necessary for maintaining cells in the state of readiness for summation of polymodal excitations during the CR generalization stage. Emotion excitation contributes to long-lasting (about twenty-four hours) increase in synaptic efficacy of excitatory and inhibitory connections which determine a conditioned act during the stage of specialization. Hetero- and homosynaptic facilitation of synaptic transmission lead to global and local character of spatial synchronization of slow activity during these stages. These processes are mainly determined cooperative interaction glutamatergic system with modulator cholin- and monoaminergic (noradren- and serotonin-) systems activating during motivational and emotional behavior components, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Motivational-emotional conflict: systemogenesis of goal-directed behavioral act].

The systemogenetic functions of motivational-emotional imbalance were investigated in various experimental animal models of goal-seeking behavior. Chronic electro- and chemostimulations of some specific hypothalamic "pace-makers" of biological motivations were shown to provide functional autonomization of behavioral acts. It is suggested that prolonged stimulation of motivatiogenic centers in hypothalamic (or its endogenous hyperactivity) plays an important role in integrating and stabilizing new behavioral forms in animal activity, which have its own new organized and promoted specific motivational base.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Motivation and education].

It was thought for many years that successful motivation in oral health should be based on the knowledge of epidemiology of caries and periodontal diseases and the methods of prevention. One should learn from mistakes: 95 per cent of the Swiss population "suffers" from caries and periodontal disease but apparently this had little impact on prevention. Simple, world-wide accepted methods of prevention are not used by the majority although they provide a pronounced reduction of caries and gingivitis. The number of Swiss communities which offer adequate preventive programs to schoolchildren ranges between 5 to 10 per cent. Although the budgets of school dental services could be lowered by 75%. Reasons for such failures may be inadequate information of dentists, authorities and the population. Not enough information is spread regarding sugarless sweets, or prevention by fluoride. Unsuccessful motivation probably also lies in the inadequate assignment of the roles ofthe patient, his dentist and the social security. So far only the dentist has formulated oral health duties to the patient, e.g. a better oral hygiene, a reasonable healthy nutrition. In the future the patient should have the right to ask the dentist some questions. Is his dentition at the end of a treatment, healthy and ready to render hygienic efforts effective? Patient, doctor and insurances should know that disease still exists if gingival papillae bleed upon using a toothpick. Absence or presence of gingival bleeding are the criteria for health or disease. A check list of the state of oral health and a signed questionnaire concerning the patient's knowledge of oral health are used to improve motivation of both patient and dentist.

Dental Hygienists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective effects of prior motivational experience on current on-line control of attention.

This study examined the influence of prior motivational experience on the efficiency of executive attention control during performance of a task set reconfiguration task (Rogers & Monsell, 1995). Results revealed that motivation manipulations selectively affected attention switching mechanisms, but did not influence either inhibition of crosstalk from competing stimuli, or basic response execution time. This provides additional evidence for distinct attentional systems involved in resolution of response and perceptual competition. Speculations regarding the neural systems that mediate both motivation and attention switching are considered, pointing to a possible involvement of dopaminergic influences on the ventral striatum.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A brief training program on resident assessment instrument improves motivation of nursing home staff.

The Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) has been designed to improve the quality of assessment and care in nursing home patients through a better understanding of resident needs. We organized three short courses (two weeks) on RAI, involving sixty-six nursing home health professionals. The course provided students both a theoretical and practical knowledge of RAI. At the end of the program, participants were asked to answer to an anonymous questionnaire about the course itself and their future professional motivation. The participants showed increased motivation and attitudes toward the elderly care. The good results obtained indicates that RAI not only may improve quality of nursing home care, but it is also an useful tool in the training of geriatric professionals enhancing their motivation and job satisfaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Motivation for change and alcoholism treatment.

Motivation plays an important role in alcoholism treatment by influencing patients to seek, complete, and comply with treatment as well as make successful long-term changes in their drinking. Both alcohol-abusing and alcohol-dependent people can be classified into different "stages of change" in terms of their readiness to alter their drinking behavior. Consequently, researchers have had to consider more seriously the role of motivation in the treatment of and recovery from substance abuse and to incorporate motivational enhancement strategies into treatment programs.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2000

[Consciousness of drug abuse problems and motivational intention for primary community intervention among the community residents].

PROBLEM: An influence of the community factor has a tremendous significance over the policy taken for the social rehabilitation of drug addicts as well as for the prevention of the drug problems. This study focuses, from a sociological viewpoint, on attitudes and consciousness of the community residents on drug abuse problems, particularly addressing their motivational intention of primary intervention in the community settings. METHOD: A social investigation with a random sampling of the adult male population of a ward community in Osaka was conducted by combining the self-administered schedule method and the individual interview method at the door. RESULTS: 1) More than 90% of the respondents recognized the drug abuse problem in Japan as one of the most severe social problems; 2) as for countermeasures against the drug problems, crack-down by police and severe legal punishments were much more preferred overwhelmingly to the soft measures such as education, therapy and social services; 3) ex-patients of drug abuse and dependence discharged from mental hospitals would be supposed to be faced with harsh, rejective interactions in their community life; 4) 15.4% of the respondents reported their recognition of the illegal drug users in the last three years prior to the survey and those reporting the recognition in their life time were found by 26.5%; 5) the active motivation for primary intervention with drug users on the community basis was widely shared among the community residents. DISCUSSION: It was implied that this motivational asset excavated in the community should be activated in one way or another by community programs for the primary prevention against drug abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Retarded adult's discrete work performance in a sheltered workshop as a function of overall productivity and motivation.

Production times of high and low retarded adults in a sheltered workshop were analyzed in terms of actual time working as opposed to actual time not working and under conditions of standard and high motivation. Under standard conditions, low productivity was primarily the result of more time spent not working. High motivation attenuated this effect. The results were discussed in terms of cognitive vs. motivational interpretations of individual differences in work performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being.

Addressing the question of why some people are happier than others is important for both theoretical and practical reasons and should be a central goal of a comprehensive positive psychology. Following a construal theory of happiness, the author proposes that multiple cognitive and motivational processes moderate the impact of the objective environment on well-being. Thus, to understand why some people are happier than others, one must understand the cognitive and motivational processes that serve to maintain, and even enhance, enduring happiness and transient mood. The author's approach has been to explore hedonically relevant psychological processes, such as social comparison, dissonance reduction, self-reflection, self-evaluation, and person perception, in chronically happy and unhappy individuals. In support of a construal framework, self-rated happy and unhappy people have been shown to differ systematically in the particular cognitive and motivational strategies they use. Promising research directions for positive psychology in pursuit of the sources of happiness, as well as the implications of the construal approach for prescriptions for enhancing well-being, are discussed.

Cognition↗
PubMed2001

Assessing readiness for change in the eating disorders: the psychometric properties of the readiness and motivation interview.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Readiness and Motivation Interview (RMI), a symptom-specific measure of readiness and motivation for change in the eating disorders. For 4 symptom domains, the RMI assesses the extent to which individuals are in precontemplation, contemplation, and action/maintenance, and the extent to which change is made for internal versus external reasons. Ninety-nine individuals with eating disorders completed the RMI and measures to assess convergent, divergent, and criterion validity. RMI profiles revealed differences in readiness and motivation across symptom domains. The RMI demonstrated good reliability and construct validity, and RMI scores predicted anticipated difficulty of recovery activities, completion of recovery activities, decision to enroll in an intensive symptom-reduction program, and treatment dropout. The RMI may have important clinical applications by providing much-needed information on client readiness for action-oriented treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competition as a motivational incentive.

Since motivation is a key concern in rehabilitation, methods of encouraging clients to active participation in therapy are frequently sought. The motivational level of the client is an indicator of the success that can be anticipated in occupational therapy activities. This article identifies the phenomenon of competition as a potential motivator for promoting competent performance by clients receiving occupational therapy services.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dependence of stability of the visual cognitive set on motivation].

In order to reveal the character of motivation influence on the stability of the unconscious visual set, young adult healthy subjects were promised to be rewarded for correct solution of the cognitive task. A substantial increase in set stability was observed under conditions of augmented motivation of a subject to the result of his performance. Positive and negative aspects of the impact of the increased motivation of a subject on his cognitive activity at the stages of set formation and actualization are discussed.

Adult↗