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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The 2001 serological survey in the Czech Republic--invasive meningococcal disease.

In 2001, 730 sera from the population of 14 areas of the Czech Republic aged between 1 and 64 years were tested by a microplate assay for the presence of bactericidal antibodies against N. meningitidis A:4,21:P1. 10, N. meningitidis B:2a:P1.2,P1.5 and N. meningitidis C:2a:P1.2,P1.5. The Czech population showed high immunity against N. meningitidis A:4,21:P1.10, but low immunity against N. meningitidis B:2a:P1.2,P1.5 and N. meningitidis C:2a:P1.2,P1.5. The current epidemiological situation requires neither vaccination against meningococcus A nor inclusion of conjugated vaccine against meningococcus C into routine vaccination. Nevertheless, the invasive meningococcal disease surveillance programme needs to be continued since enabling rapid detection of possible changes in the epidemiological situation and subsequent vaccination intervention, if epidemiologically indicated. Conjugated vaccine against meningococcus C should replace polysaccharide vaccine A+C in all indications currently relevant in the Czech Republic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Successful intervention in a group A meningococcal outbreak in Auckland, New Zealand.

During two consecutive winter seasons (1985 and 1986) Auckland, New Zealand, experienced epidemic rates of Group A meningococcal disease, a pattern not previously recognized in New Zealand. The overall rate was 8.3/100,000/year. The highest annual rate (64.7) occurred in children 0 to 23 months of age. A city-wide vaccine campaign commencing in May, 1987, was conducted over 6 weeks among children 3 months to 13 years of age with special emphasis on reaching populations at highest risk (Maori and Pacific Island Polynesian children in certain geographic regions of Auckland). Children from 2 to 13 years of age received a single dose of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine. Children ages 3 to 23 months received two doses at least 1 month apart. Overall approximately 130,000 doses were delivered; coverage was approximately 90% in the single dose target group. Among the younger children approximately 89% received the primary dose. Only approximately 26% received the recommended "booster" dose. After 2 1/2 years of active surveillance (1987 to 1989) there were no cases of invasive Group A meningococcal disease in children appropriately vaccinated for age. In contrast to this 100% efficacy the efficacy of a single dose of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine to prevent illness in the youngest children during the 1987 epidemic period was 52% (95% confidence interval (-330%, 95%)) falling to 16% (95% confidence interval, (-538%, 90%)) after 1 year. Four cases that occurred in infants 3 to 7 weeks before the scheduled "booster" campaign supports limited true efficacy. However, the prescribed 1 to 3-month interval between the two doses in infants may be too long.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnosis and management of bacterial meningitis in the adult].

Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and therapy in order to reduce mortality and morbidity. Although fever is the most sensitive sign, occuring in a majority of patients, it may be absent, especially in oldest patients. Most patients have alterations in mental status but coma is more frequent in meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae. Focal neurologic signs are present in about 25% of the cases and are again much more frequent in the setting of pneumococcal meningitis. In adults with suspected meningitis, mass effect on CT-scan is unfrequent and as a consequence, the risk of lumbar punction is negligible. Very early administration of antibiotics, even before hospital admission in case of suspected meningococcal infection may result in a decreased abilty to identify the etiologic agent by cultures. The use of new techniques for detection of bacterial antigens and the development of rapid PCR assays may be particularly helpful in patients who had received antibiotics before lumbar puncture.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The New Zealand Meningococcal Vaccine Strategy: a tailor-made vaccine to combat a devastating epidemic.

The New Zealand Meningococcal Vaccine Strategy aims to end the devastating 14-year epidemic of B:4:P1.7b,4 group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand through a mass immunisation programme to all under 20 year olds using a tailor-made vaccine (MeNZB). This paper describes the scientific rationale, development, and key components of the New Zealand Meningococcal Vaccine Strategy. A summary of the efficacy and safety data of existing outer membrane vesicle group B meningococcal vaccines is included as these data critically support the Strategy.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of group B meningococcal disease by vaccination: a difficult task.

New Zealand has embarked on an immunisation program to reduce the incidence of disease caused by serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. Similar immunisation programs in Norway and South America have shown good efficacy in older vaccinees (ie, persons receiving vaccinations), but variable efficacy in younger vaccinees. Protective efficacy correlates well with the ability of the vaccine to stimulate a fourfold rise in serum bactericidal antibodies. Unfortunately, second and third doses of serogroup B N. meningitidis vaccines do not boost serum bactericidal antibody titres to very high levels; consequently protective efficacy wanes within a few years of immunisation. The overall outcome of the immunisation program will reflect both the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the uptake of the vaccine by the target population. The especially high incidence of meningococcal disease in Pacific and Maori children means that particular efforts will need to be made to reach these groups.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2004

Proceedings of the Meningococcal Vaccine Strategy World Health Organization satellite meeting, 10 March 2004, Auckland, New Zealand.

From 1991 to the end of 2003 there have been 5293 cases and 216 deaths from meningococcal disease in New Zealand. On 10 March 2004, the New Zealand Ministry of Health hosted a special meeting to release the first results of the clinical trial in 16 to 24 month olds of a new vaccine (MeNZB), which has been tailor-made to provide protection against the New Zealand epidemic strain. These proceedings summarise the key points from the meeting presentations and highlight some of the important issues considered in the subsequent discussion. In the toddler age-group trial, 75% of the MeNZB recipients exhibited a four-fold or greater rise in serum bactericidal antibodies after three doses of MeNZB--compared with 4% of the control vaccine recipients. Local reactions to MeNZB and the control vaccine were common, especially injection site tenderness. These data, along with data from New Zealand clinical trials in four other age groups and efficacy and safety data from the Norwegian parent vaccine, were used to support the application for a licence to use MeNZB in a proposed mass immunisation programme for 0-19 year olds. During the immunisation programme, a comprehensive safety monitoring programme will be in place to monitor for any adverse reactions following MeNZB immunisation. This will include real-time hospital-based monitoring in the regions first to roll out the vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antigenic activity of oral whole-culture meningococcal serogroup B vaccine].

The whole-culture vaccine preparation of Neisseria meningitidis, serogroup B, obtained by cultivation in a computer-controlled bioreactor, was studied. The preparation was shown to contain antigenically active polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, as well as lipooligosaccharide, faintly pyrogenic and with low toxicity. After oral immunization of rabbits a multiple increase in the levels of IgG antibodies to these antigens in their blood serum was noted during the period of observation (303 days).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Management of meningococcemia.

Meningococcemia causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, usually in the term of fulminant disease. This paper reviews the background, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this entity, along with prevention measures and public health issues to be considered. The authors present updated information on breakthroughs in the understanding of genetic predisposition to invasive disease. The status of adjunctive treatment modalities such as monoclonal antibodies and activated protein C, and progress in conjugate vaccine development and implementation are also addressed.

Bacteremia↗